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The Bitola-Prilep dialect (Template:Lang-mk, Bitolsko-prilepski dijalekt) is a member of the central subgroup of the western group of dialects of the Macedonian language. This dialect is mainly spoken in the towns of Bitola and Prilep and in surrounding areas in the Republic of Macedonia, as well as by the Macedonian-speaking minority population in and around Florina (Lerin) in neighbouring Greek Macedonia. The Prilep-Bitola dialect, along with other peripheral west-central dialects, provides much of the basis for modern Standard Macedonian.

Phonological characteristics

The phonological characteristics of the Bitola-Prilep dialect which also can also be found in the other peripheral dialects are:

• mostly antepenultimate word stress (see Macedonian phonology)
• the yat has reflexed into /ɛ/
• as in most South(-Western) dialects, the central vowel /a/ is more fronted (i.e. a cardinal ) rather than the more central typical of other dialect groups
• the palatal affricates are typically prepalatalized: /ˈsvɛca/ is realized , /ˈmɛɟa/ is realized
• similarly, the palatal nasal is also prepalatalized: /ˈjadɛɲɛ/ is realized , /ˈt͡ʃupiɲa/ is realized (or even )
• consonant elision is typical of this dialect and occurs in the following environments:
  • the etymological /v/ in initial position has been lost in a number of instances:
    • in the sequences *vs- and *vz-; e.g. *vse > /sɛ/ (сè, "all"), *vzema > /ˈzɛma/ (зема, "to take") as is the case in the standard
    • in a handful of other words: /ˈtɔrnik/ for standard /ˈftɔrnik/ (вторник, "Tuesday"), /ˈnatrɛ/ for standard /ˈvnatrɛ/ (внатре, "inside")
      • the same process (bringing the pronunciation closer to their antonyms) also occurred with /ˈmnɔɡu/ (многу, "much", "a lot") → /ˈnɔɡu/
  • absence of the intervocalic /v/
    • in the plural forms of monosyllabic nouns, e.g. лебо(в)и:
      • /ˈlɛbɔvi/ → /ˈlɛbɔi/ (realized )
    • and in most other positions, e.g. то(в)ар:
      • /ˈtɔvar/ → /ˈtɔar/ (realized )
  • certain short words (conjunctions, pronouns, adverbs, determiners, etc.) have undergone further elision, ex.:
    • sega → sea → /sa/ ("now")
    • tova → toa → /tɔ/ ("that")
    • koga → koa → /kɔ/ ("when")
• insertion of /t/ and /d/ into consonant clusters /sr/- and /zr/-, respectively; for example, /stram/ for the standard /sram/ (срам, "shame") and /zdrɛl/ for the standard /zrɛl/ (зрел, "ripe")
• In the sub-dialect of Bukovo-Orehovo, especially among the oldest generations:
  • while is an allophone of /l/ in most dialects (occurring in all positions except before front vowels and /j/, in this dialect is used instead: e.g. for (глава, "head") and for (слама, "straw"))
  • the etymological /a/ mutates (is raised) to ( ~ ) when preceding an affricate or iotated consonant, e.g. for /ˈt͡ʃaʃa/ (чаша, "cup")
  • the Proto-Slavic syllabic *l̥ has reflexed into /ə/, e.g. /ˈsənt͡sɛ/ ("sun") for the standard /ˈsɔnt͡sɛ/ and /vək/ ("wolf") for the standard /vɔlk/

Morphological characteristics

• three definite articles pertaining to the position of the object (see Macedonian grammar)
• the third-person personal pronouns: тој, таа, тоа, тие (he, she, it, they)
• imperfective verbs are typically derived from perfective verbs by means of the suffix –ва (e.g. зборва and боледва)
• 'expansion' where other dialects have palatalization: падина ("to fall", sing. present third-person) versus the standard паѓа
• the use of the inflectional suffix -и in third-person singular verbs (e.g. можи and биди versus the standard може and биде)
• use of the oblique form for proper names
• no distinction between masculine and feminine short possessive pronouns, i.e. consistent use of му and го for both genders and also the plural third person

Typical Words

• Чупе – girl
• Преѓе(ска) – recently, lately
• Модистра – seamstress

Typical words from the Lerin sub-dialect

• Пл'усна – fire a rifle
• Капнат – thirsty
• Гренди – timber

Notes

1. author missing. Леринскиот говор. Македонски jазик, 1983, ХХХIV, стр. 23-49.
2. Hill, Peter. The Dialect of Gorno Kalenik 1991, Columbus, OH
3. Makedonska gramatika by Krume Kepeski Language, Vol. 27, No. 2 (Apr–Jun, 1951), pp. 180–187
4. Граматика на македонскиот литературен јазик, Блаже Конески, Култура, Скопје 1967, стр.68
5. Историја на македонскиот јазик, Блаже Конески, Култура, Скопје 1986, стр. 21
6. Friedman, Victor (1998), Macedonian: Comparative Grammar, Slavic and East European Language Research Center (SEELRC): p. 22

External links

• Dialectal dictionary of the Macedonian language dialect spoken in Oshchima (Trigonon), Greece

v t e Dialects of Macedonian
Western	Central Prilep-Bitola Kičevo-Poreče Skopje-Veles Western and northwestern Gostivar (Upper Polog) Debar Drimkol-Golo Brdo Galičnik (Small Reka) Reka Vevčani-Radožda Struga Ohrid Upper Prespa Lower Prespa
Northern	Eastern Kumanovo Kratovo Kriva Palanka Ovče Pole Western Skopska Crna Gora Tetovo (Lower Polog) Gora
Southeastern	Eastern Štip-Kočani Strumica Tikveš-Mariovo Maleševo-Pirin Southeastern Solun-Voden Ser-Drama-Lagadin-Nevrokop Nestram-Kostenar Kostur Korča
Also considered a dialect of Bulgarian. Considered to be a part of the transitional Torlak dialect and as a subdialect of Bulgarian, Macedonian, and Serbo-Croatian.

• Dialects of the Macedonian language