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Epirus (Greek: Ήπειρος, Epiros / Albanian: Çamëria) is a name applied to territory bordering the Ionian Sea that is uneasily shared by modern Greece and Albania. The name originates from the greek word (doric dialect) "άπειρος" ("infinite land"), because of the vastness of its alpic territory. In the northern part, which remained in Albania after diplomatic talks by the Great Powers in 1913/1914, there is a recognised Greek minority. Albanian nationalists claim the existence of an Albanian minority in the Southern part, which forms a province of Greece, but the Greek government claims there are no remnants of the older Albanian population in the region, and that the Albanians currently there are recent illegal immigrants.

In ancient times Epirus ("mainland" as opposed to the offshore islands) was the mountainous coastal district bordered by Illyria, Macedonia and Thessaly. To the south lay Aetolia. Epirus was separated from Illyria to the north by the Ceraunian Mountains, and by the famous Pindus River flowing from Thessaly. The Acheron river, mythologized as a river of Hades, flowed through this region, and here also stood the oak grove of Dodona (modern Dodoni), sacred to Zeus and famous for its oracles.

Ancient Epirus was one of the homelands of the Dorian people, one of the Hellenic (Greek) races, whose invasion of Greece in the tenth century BC is believed to have contributed to the the Dark Ages of Greece.The mother of Alexander the Great was an Epirote princess. Wild and tribal Epirus, famous for cattle and horses, lay outside the mainstream of Greek culture. Nevertheless Greek trading colonies such as Corinth's Ambracia were established along its coast. The famous Pyrrhus(Pirro i Epirit), (318 BC - 272 BC) was the most powerful leader. Pyrrhus(Pirro), King of Epirus, one of the monarchs who divided the empire of Alexander the Great, was known for his campaigns against the Romans in Italy (see also Pyrrhic victory) and for his brief rule of Macedonia.

With the fall of the Byzantine Empire in 1204 to Venetian-led armies in the Fourth Crusade, the Despotate of Epirus became one of the three successor states, the others being the Empire of Nicaea, and Trebizond. At its brief height the despotate controlled territory from Durazzo in the north to the Gulf of Patras in the south, even the island of Corcyra (Corfu). The Despot was defeated by armies of the Nicaean lineage, who later re-captured Constantinople from the Latins in 1261 and re-formed the Byzantine Empire.

The area passed to the Ottoman Turks in the fifteenth century and was not ceded to Greece until 1881. Between 1912 and 1916 Epirus had a brief period of independence.

Nicholas Gage (nee Gatzoyiannis) is a famous modern Epirote writer (from the village of Lia), the author of the renowned novel ELENI.

References

N.G.L. Hammond: Epirus. The Geography, the Ancient Remains, the History and the Topography of Epirus and adjacent Areas, Oxford 1967.

External links

• Ethnic Albanians in Greece, an unsympathetic Turkish report on the official position of the Greek Government.
• Hot-tempered postings at ezboard give the flavor of the controversy