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Several significant occurrences followed the Armenian Genocide of 1915 to 1917. The following is a chronology of those events.

Contents:
20. century • 21. century • References

20th century

1918

Armenian civilians, being deported during the Armenian Genocide.

1919

1920

Armenia in the Treaty of Sèvres.

1921

  • March 15: Talat Pasha is assassinated by Soghomon Tehlirian whose family perished in the Genocide. After being tried, Tehlirian was acquitted.
  • October 23: The Treaty of Kars is signed between the Soviet Union and the new Republic of Turkey, ceding to it the present-day areas of Kars, Iğdır, Ardahan, and Artvin in exchange for Adjara. Feeling their security threatened, the remaining Armenians in these regions emigrate to Soviet-occupied Armenia.

1922

  • July 21: Djemal Pasha is assassinated by Stepan Dzaghigian
  • August 24: Enver Pasha is killed while fighting in present-day Tajikistan.
  • September 11: The Treaty of Kars is ratified in Yerevan.
  • December 30: The remainder of Russian Armenia becomes the Armenian SSR of the Soviet Union.

1923

  • The Treaty of Lausanne is signed establishing most of Turkey's present-day borders.
  • In September, Turkey declares that all Armenians who have emigrated from Cilicia and the Eastern Anatolian areas were not allowed to return.

1926

  • August 1: In an interview with the Los Angeles Examiner, Atatürk stated that the remainders of the Young Turk government should be held accountable for the Armenian Genocide. "These left-overs from the former Young Turk Party, who should have been made to account for the millions of our Christian subjects who were ruthlessly driven en masse, from their homes and massacred, have been restive under the Republican rule", he said.

1934

  • About a year after it was published, the book The Forty Days of Musa Dagh was listed as "undesirable" in Nazi Germany. Nazi propaganda painted its author, Franz Werfel as an agent who created the "alleged Turkish horrors perpetrated against the Armenians" and denounced "America's Armenian Jews for promoting in the U.S.A. the sale of Werfel's book."

1935

  • Turkey pressures MGM and the United States government from allowing the film giant to produce a film based on The Forty Days of Musa Dagh.

1939

1942

  • After the Nazi conquest of Greece, Turkey, increased property tax for Armenians, Jews, and Greeks, and even Dönme (Christians or Jews who converted to Islam), the Armenians being affected the most. Those who did not pay were condemned to forced labor in the quarries of Aşkale (the Turkish equivalent to Siberia), near Erzurum. The government claimed to be doing this action to "turkify" the economy.

1944

  • Prof. Raphael Lemkin coins the term genocide and states that it happened to both the Armenians and, at the time, the Jews. The name Armenian Massacres soon falls from popular use by the Armenian diaspora and is soon replaced by Armenian Genocide.
  • March 15: The "property tax" action is repealed.

1945

  • The Soviet Union attempts to annul the Treaty of Kars with Turkey and return parts of Northwestern Armenia back to the Armenians. These efforts are halted by intervention from Winston Churchill and Harry S. Truman, fearing Soviet expansionism.

1955

1965

1967

1960s

  • Considered to be the years when the Turkish government has officially decided to teach to the world, "the other side of the story." The following decade, the Turkish government will found and fund grants of Turkish and Ottoman studies, as well as history chairs at the middle east department of occidental universities.

1973

  • The 26th session of the UN Human Rights Committee's Subcommittee on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of National Minorities adopted a report, containing a reference on the Armenian massacres, calling it: "The first Genocide of the twentieth century."
  • Gourgen Yanikian - Georgeu Yanikian, a 78 year-old Armenian, whose family was decimated during the 1915 massacres - killed two Turkish diplomats in the United States. He is sentenced to life imprisonment but is released later due to illness.

1974

  • The Turkish representatives at the U.N., during the 30th meeting has pressurized the organization to redraw the paragraph 30 of the adopted report, labeling the paragraph propaganda and effectively starting the Armenian initiative. This followed with intense negotiations and pressures for few years, up until which, in 1978, the paragraph was removed until further discussion and in 1979 restored, from that year on, the matter was researched by the U.N.

1975

1976

  • United States President Gerald Ford acknowledges the Armenian Genocide while addressing the US House of Representatives.

1978

  • May 16: United States President Jimmy Carter officially acknowledges the Armenian Genocide, calling it "probably one of the greatest tragedies that ever befell any group."

1979

  • October 12: Ahmet Benler, the son of Ambassador Ozdemir Benler, is assassinated on the street by Armenian gunman in the Hague. ASALA and JCAG claim responsibility. In retaliation, Turkish nationalists bomb the church of the Armenian Apostolic Patriarchate in Istanbul on October 19.

1981

  • April 22: United States President Ronald Reagan officially acknowledges the Armenian Genocide in a speech commemorating the Holocaust.

1982

  • July 1: The Red Armenian Army unsuccessfully attempted to assassinate the Turkish Consul General, Kemalettin Demirer, in Rotterdam, Netherlands. No one sustained any injuries from this attack and a member of the group named Penyemin Evingulu was later sentenced to six years in prison for his role in the incident.
  • August 7: Two ASALA gunmen open fire in a crowded passenger waiting room in Ankara at the Esenboga International Airport. One of the guerrillas takes more than 20 hostages while the second is apprehended by police. The attackers leave nine people dead and 82 injured. The surviving gunman, Levon Ekmekjian, realizes the horror of his crime before the execution. He issues a strong appeal to his young comrades to reject the program of murder.

1984

1985

1986

  • November 23: A bomb explodes in front of the Turkish Consulate General in Melbourne, Australia. One dead (presumably the perpetrator) and one Australian injured. This is the last attack attributed to Armenian militants.

1988

  • January 24: Turkish security forces apprehend a 24-year-old Armenian, Manvel Demir, accusing him of being tied to the ASALA. He becomes heavily injured and later dies in a hospital. The parents of Demir argue that he was tortured and that he was a victim of police brutality.
  • April 28: Hagop Hagopian, one of the main leaders of the ASALA is assassinated on a sidewalk in an affluent neighborhood in Athens, Greece.
  • In the late 1980s access was granted to some archives by the Turkish government, but it appears that the material was limited and the government took a very selective approach to who was allowed to study the material. Heather Rae marks that "scholars have long been denied access to Ottoman archives". Historian Taner Akcam also writes about the "carefully selection" of Ottoman archive materials. "While we are missing a significant portion of these papers, what remains in the Ottoman archives and in court records is sufficient to show that the CUP Central Committee, and the Special Organization is set up to carry out its plan, did deliberately attempt to destroy the Armenian population".

1990

  • An Armenian Genocide memorial opens in Deir ez-Zor, Syria the location said to be the largest extermination ground for the Armenians during this time period.
  • April 20: United States President George H. W. Bush officially acknowledges the Armenian Genocide in a speech at Orlando, Florida. Bush stated that "the United States responded to this crime against humanity by leading diplomatic and private relief efforts."

1991

  • Armenia becomes independent from the Soviet Union and subsequently recognizes the Armenian Genocide.

1993

  • During the Nagorno-Karabakh War, Turkish President Turgut Özal makes a controversial remark that not only alarms Armenians in Turkey, but worldwide as well. "What will happen then if three of our bombs hit Armenia? Will they intervene in Turkey?" Özal asked. He then threatened, hinting at the Armenian Genocide, "They learn nothing from history. In Anatolia, they also tried it. But they got an incredible slap in the face . And they have not forgotten the pain to this day. If they try it again here , relying on this or that foreign country for help , they have something coming."
  • April 8: The official daily newspaper of the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP), Türkiye announced: "Like the Karabakh mountains, Armenia has been Turkish land for millennia and it will also belong to the Turkish people. Then, in the Caucasus, Armenians will only be found in the museums."

1994

  • April 24: United States President Bill Clinton issued a news release to commemorate the "tragedy" that befell the Armenians in 1915, yet he bowed to political pressure and refused to refer to it as "genocide", despite referring to the massacre as such before being elected president.
  • April 27: Israeli Deputy Foreign Minister, Yossi Beilin stated in response to a TV interview of the Turkish Ambassador: "It was not war. It was most certainly massacre and genocide, something the world must remember... We will always reject any attempt to erase its record, even for some political advantage.

1995

Political map showing countries, US states, and UK Constitute countries which have officially recognized the Armenian Genocide.
  • April 14: Russia recognizes the Armenian Genocide.

1996

  • April 25: Greece recognizes the Armenian Genocide.

1997

  • The Parliament of the State of New South Wales, Australia passes a motion acknowledging and condemning the Armenian Genocide.
  • Belgium recognizes the Armenian Genocide.
  • April 4: Lebanon recognizes the Armenian Genocide.
  • December 3: Italy recognizes the Armenian Genocide.

1998

  • May 29: France recognizes the Armenian Genocide.
  • On June 30, the American rock band System of a Down, whose members are Armenian in ancestry, wrote the song "P.L.U.C.K. (Political Lying, Unholy, Cowardly Killers.)", about the Armenian Genocide and the denial of it as genocide. "P.L.U.C.K." can be found as Track 13 on the self-titled album, System of a Down.

1999

  • On October 5, along with a similar museum, Turkey opened a memorial to Turkish deaths caused by Armenians in Iğdır. The monument consists of five crossed swords and, according to a spokesperson of the governor of Iğdır, it is also visible from the Armenian capital Yerevan: "Whenever the Armenians look towards their holy Mount Ararat, they will see our monument."

21st century

2001

  • On January 18, Turkey recalls its ambassador from Paris in protest to a parliamentary bill that was unanimously passes formally recognizing the Armenian Holocaust as genocide and placing blame on the Turks. Relations between Turkey and France consequently suffer.

2002

2003

  • February 20: A report on "The Applicability of the United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide to Events which Occurred During the Early Twentieth Century" by the International Center for Transitional Justice (ICTJ) stated that "...at least some of the perpetrators of the Events knew that the consequence of their action would be the destruction, in whole or in part, of the Armenians of Eastern Anatolia, as such, or acted purposely towards this goal, and, therefore, possessed the requisite genocidal intent." The report concluded that "...the Events, viewed collectively, can thus be said to include all of the elements of the crime of genocide as defined in the Convention, and legal scholars as well as historians, politicians, journalists and other people would be justified in continuing to so describe them" (p. 17).
  • April 14: According to the League for Human Rights, the Turkish Ministry of National Education issued a document instructing heads of schools to organize conferences stating that Turkey never exterminated its minorities. It also recommended that the students should write dissertations on "fighting allegations of genocide", in which phrases such as "Turks may have killed Armenians" are banned in favour of presenting these events as a necessity in the face of the "massacres perpetrated by Armenians". A first report detailing the application of these recommendations was to be sent by each school to the local Ministry directorates on May 13, 2003.

2004

  • April 21: the Canadian House of Commons voted to officially recognize and condemn the Armenian Genocide. The motion passed easily by 153 to 68, however, the Liberal-controlled Cabinet was instructed to vote against it. The federal government, in opposing the motion, did not express a position on whether the genocide took place, but rather cited a desire to avoid reopening old wounds and to maintain good relations with Turkey.
  • April 24: In marking the 89th Anniversary of the genocide, John Kerry issued a statement calling for international recognition of the Armenian Genocide.

2005

  • March: The Turkish Prime Minister and the head of the opposition held a press conference proposing the meeting of Armenian and Turkish historians to find out what really happened. The Prime Minister also called on Armenia to open its archives. The Armenian Foreign Minister rejected the invitation, stating that the world already knew what happened, and that its archives have always been open.
  • The Turkish State Archive issued a list of more than 523,000 Turks whom it said were killed by Armenians in Turkey between 1910 and 1922 as Armenians allegedly tried to establish themselves as the majority population in Eastern Anatolia.
  • The Turkish historian Murat Bardakçı opened the alleged notes of Talat Pasha dating back to 1914 about the population of Armenians under Ottoman rule. The following is an alleged script from Talat Pasha's notebook:

The number of Gregorian and Catholic Armenians that lived under the Ottoman Empire was 1,256,403. By considering the fact that there might be some unaccounted people, we can increase this number to 1,500,000. The cities where the relocation is applied there are 284,157 Armenians but if we increase this number by 30% just to be sure, there are between 250,000 and 400,000 in the cities where the relocation was applied.

  • May 25: A conference about "Ottoman Armenians during the Decline of the Empire" focusing on the "Armenian Genocide" to be held in Bosphorus (Boğaziçi) University of Istanbul, Turkey is postponed by the administration of the Bosphorus University (one of the three organizers) due to the remarks in the speech of Justice Minister Cemil Çiçek in parliament.
"This is a stab in the back to the Turkish nation. This is irresponsibility", the Anatolian News Agency quoted Cicek as saying at a parliamentary debate. "We must put an end to this cycle of treason and insult, of spreading propaganda against the nation by people who belong to it", he added.
  • May 26: The Organizing Committee of the "Ottoman Armenians during the Decline of the Empire" publicly declared that the conference is going to be held in the near future.
  • June 5, Armenian President Robert Kocharian announced that he was ready to "continue dialogue with Azerbaijan for the settlement of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and with Turkey on establishing relations without any preconditions." Armenia has also stated that as a legal successor to the Armenian SSR, it is loyal to the Treaty of Kars and all agreements inherited by the former Soviet Armenian government. Yet Turkey continues to lay preconditions on relations, insisting that Armenia abandon its efforts to have the Genocide recognized, which official Yerevan is not willing to do.
  • June 16: German Bundestag passed a resolution that "honors and commemorates the victims of violence, murder and expulsion among the Armenian people before and during the First World War". The German resolution mentions that "many independent historians, parliaments and international organizations describe the expulsion and annihilation of the Armenians as genocide", but stops short of doing so itself. It also contains an apology for any German responsibility.
  • September: A Turkish court has ruled that a controversial conference on the mass killing of Armenians living under the Ottoman Empire should be suspended. The conference of academics and intellectuals was to offer a critical look at the official approach to the events of 1915. It is the second time the conference has been called off.

2006

Turkey has drafted laws like Article 301 that state "A person who publicly insults Turkishness, or the Republic or Turkish Grand National Assembly of Turkey, shall be punishable by imprisonment". This law has been used, for example, to bring charges against writer Orhan Pamuk for stating that "Thirty thousand Kurds and a million Armenians were killed in these lands and nobody but me dares to talk about it". The charges were later dropped.

  • 7 February 2006 the trial opened against five journalists charged with insulting the judicial institutions of the State, and also of aiming to prejudice a court case (Article 288 of the Turkish penal code). The five were on trial because they criticized a court order to shut down a conference in Istanbul about the mass killing of Armenians by Turks during the Ottoman Empire – the conference was nevertheless eventually held after having been transferred from a state university to a private university. The case was adjourned until 11 April, when four of the journalists were acquitted on a technicality. The case against the fifth journalist, Murat Belge, proceeded. On 8 June 2006, Murat Belge was acquitted by the Istanbul court. The trial is seen as a test case between Turkey and the European Union (EU), which insists that Turkey must allow increased rights to free expression as part of the negotiations on EU membership.

The aim of the conference, organized by a number of academics and intellectuals, was to offer a critical look at the official approach to the events of 1915, a topic that has long been taboo in Turkey.

  • September: Leading Turkish author Elif Şafak is to go on trial for a fictional character in her latest book discussing the genocide. The charge is "insulting Turkishness" under Article 301 of the Turkish Criminal Code and she could have faced a prison term for writing the story. Asked about the alleged real-life crime her character committed in the novel, she stated "Turks and Armenians are not speaking the same language. For the Turks all the past is gone, erased from our memories. That's the way we Westernized: by being future-oriented. ... The grandchildren of the 1915 survivors tend to be very, very past-oriented." She was later acquitted by the Turkish court of first instance in its first sitting.
  • May: Stephen Harper, newly elected Prime Minister of Canada, officially confirms that his government will continue to recognize motions adopted by the Canadian senate and parliament in 2004 acknowledging that the Armenian Genocide took place.

2007

  • January 19: Turkish-Armenian editor Hrant Dink was assassinated by Ogün Samast because of Dink's personal recognition of the Armenian genocide (for which he had previously been legally prosecuted). While much of the Turkish community condemned the act, several ultranationalist factions lauded it, and even after the assassin was captured, a photo of him was leaked showing Samast posing in front of a Turkish flag and a poster of Ataturk with two police officers on either side, suggesting that such nationalist elements are working within the Turkish government.
  • March: A Swiss district court in Lausanne convicts Turkish politician Doğu Perinçek for denying the Armenian Genocide; public genocide denial is illegal in Switzerland. Perinçek, who was fined CHF 10.000 (Euro 6.230, USD 8.180), appealed the verdict. The conviction was upheld by the Swiss Federal Supreme Court on December 12, 2007.
  • April 20: The Basque Parliament recognizes the Armenian Genocide.
  • June 5: The Chilean Senate unanimously passes a resolution calling on the government to join the 1985 UN resolution on the Armenian Genocide.
  • October 10: US House Resolution 106, which was introduced to the US Congress on January 30, 2007, was referred to United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs where it passed a 27-21 vote and was sent back for a full house vote.
  • November 23: The Mercosur parliament adopted a resolution recognizing the “Armenian Genocide, perpetrated by the Ottoman Empire, which took 1.5 million lives from 1915 to 1923.” The Mercosur resolution also expressed its support for the Armenian Cause and called on all countries to recognize the Genocide.

2008

  • July 10: BBC has published Questions and Answers about the Armenian genocide. The media have wrote word genocide without quotes.
  • New York Life insurance company announces an outreach program to "compensate heirs of approximately 1,000 life insurance policies issued to Greeks in the Ottoman Empire prior to 1915", following their 2004 disbursement of $20 million in settlement to survivors, and $3 million to Armenian civic organizations.
  • In October, the Swiss court ruled that three Turks were guilty of racial discrimination after having claimed that the Armenian Genocide was an "international lie." The European representative of the Party of Turkish Workers, Ali Mercan, was sentenced to pay a fine of 4,500 Swiss francs ($3,900), two others were ordered to pay 3,600 Swiss francs.
  • In December, the European Court on Human Rights ruled that Turkey violated the property rights of the Samatya Surp Kevork Armenian Church, School and Cemetery and the Foundation for the Armenian Hospital in Yedikule. According to the ruling, Turkey must return the titles of all properties to each foundation and pay compensation of 600,000 euro to the Samatya Foundation and 275,000 euro to the Yedikule Foundation. Turkey has the right to appeal the ECHR decision in a higher authority. No announcement has been made as yet.

2009

  • In March, The New York Times reported that a long-hidden official document from the Ottoman Interior Minister, Talaat Pasha, detailing the deportations of 972,000 Ottoman Armenians from 1915 through 1916 has been unearthed. According to a long-hidden document that belonged to the interior minister of the Ottoman Empire, 972,000 Ottoman Armenians disappeared from official population records from 1915 through 1916, the NY Times said. The document was published by Turkish author and columnist, Murat Bardakci. The documents, given to Mr. Bardakci by Mr. Talat's widow, Hayriye, before she died in 1983, include lists of population figures. Before 1915, 1,256,000 Armenians lived in the Ottoman Empire, according to the documents. The number plunged to 284,157 two years later, Mr. Bardakci said.

2010

  • On March 5, 2010, the Catalonian Parliament recognized the Armenian Genocide on the initiative of the members of Barcelona’s Friendship Union with Armenia.
  • On March 11, 2010, Swedish Parliament approved a resolution branding the killing of Armenians by Ottoman Turks in 1915 as genocide.

2011

  • On December 22, 2011, the French Senate passed a bill that would make the denial of the Armenian genocide a crime punishable by one year in prison and a fine of €45,000. Turkey responded by freezing bilateral relations with France and banning French military from Turkish docks and airspace until February 28, 2012, when the Constitutional Council of France ruled that the new law would be unconstitutional and contrary to the democratic principle of freedom of speech.

References

  1. James G. Harbord Conditions in the Near East: Report of the American Military Mission to Armenia.
  2. Ravished Armenia at the Internet Movie Database
  3. ^ Tessa Hofmann, Armenians in Turkey Today "A law was adopted as early as September 1923, stating that no Armenian who had emigrated from Cilicia and the “Eastern Provinces” could return to Turkey."
  4. Hildebrand, Emile. "Kemal Promises More Hangings of Political Antagonists in Turkey," Los Angeles Examiner, 1 August 1926.
  5. Dwyer, Thomas. Nothing Personal / Among the deniers," Haaretz
  6. Albig, William. Public Opinion. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1939
  7. TIME Article, "Semitic Friends" July 3, 1939
  8. Adolf Hitler, 1939-08-22, according to reports received by the Associated Press bureau chief in Berlin, Louis Lochner
  9. Faik Ökte, "The tragedy of the Turkish Capital Tax", Kent 1987
  10. Speros Vryonis, The Mechanism of Catastrophe: The Turkish Pogrom of September 6–7, 1955, and the Destruction of the Greek Community of Istanbul, New York: Greekworks.com 2005, ISBN 0-9747660-3-8
  11. ^ Peterson, Merrill D. (2004). Starving Armenians: America and the Armenian Genocide, 1915-1930 and After. University of Virginia Press. p. 162. ISBN 0-8139-2267-4. {{cite book}}: line feed character in |publisher= at position 23 (help)
  12. ^ Najmuddin, Shahzad Z. (2006). Armenia: A Resume with Notes on Seth's Armenians in India (Black and White Edition). Trafford Publishing. pp. 46, 51. ISBN 1-4120-7916-0.
  13. The Armenian Red Army, Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism
  14. Political Terrorism: A New Guide to Actors, Authors, Concepts, Data Bases, Theories, and Literature - Page 675 by Albert J. Jongman, Alex Peter Schmid
  15. Jacobs, Totten, Steven L., Samuel (2002). Pioneers of Genocide Studies (Clt). Transaction Publishers. p. 81. ISBN 0-7658-0151-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  16. Excerpts from UN report of 1985.
  17. State Identities and the Homogenisation of Peoples, By Heather Rae, Cambridge University Press, 2002, ISBN 0-521-79708-X, p. 128
  18. Ottoman archives and Denial of the Armenian Genocide, by Vahakn Dadrian// The Armenian Genocide: History, Politics and Ethics, NY, 1992
  19. A Shameful Act: The Armenian Genocide and the Question of Turkish Responsibility, by Taner Akcam, Macmillan, 2007, ISBN 0-8050-8665-X, p. 5
  20. Atabaki, Touraj (2005). The Banality of Denial: Israel and the Armenian Genocide. Routledge. p. 89. ISBN 0-415-33260-5.
  21. ANCA report on Clinton's helicopter deal with Turkey.
  22. Auron, Block, Presley, Yair, Cathy, Michael (2003). The Banality of Denial: Israel and the Armenian Genocide. Transaction Publishers. p. 119. ISBN 0-7658-0834-X.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  23. Recognition of New South Wales, Armeniapedia.org
  24. George W. Bush, Armenianpedia.org
  25. League of Human Rights report.
  26. Turkish Press Review - quote from Cicek.
  27. Yerevan Ready to Continue Dialogue with Baku for Karabakh Settlement
  28. "In Vartan Oskanian's Words, Turkey Casts Doubt On The Treaty Of Kars With Its Actions". All Armenian Mass Media Association. 2006-12-13. Retrieved 2006-12-13.
  29. Bundestag resolution
  30. Rainsford, Sarah (2005-09-25). "Turkey bans 'genocide' conference". BBC. Retrieved 2005-09-25.
  31. Sarah Rainsford Author's trial set to test Turkey BBC 14 December 2005.
  32. Madeleine Brand speaks with Hugh Pope Charges Against Turkish Writer Pamuk Dropped NPR 25 January 2005.
  33. Writer Hrant Dink acquitted; trials against other journalists continue IFEX 9 February 2006.
  34. Benjamin Harvey Fight halts Turkish journalists' trial in The Independent 8 February 2006.
  35. Associated Press Case Against 4 Turkish Journalists Dropped in The Guardian 11 April 2006.
  36. Sarah Rainsford Turkey bans 'genocide' conference BBC News 22 September 2005.
  37. Trial for fictional character discussing genocide, Forbes
  38. "Fury in Turkey at editor's murder". BBC News. January 19, 2007. Retrieved May 22, 2010.
  39. Popham, Peter (February 3, 2007). "Turkish police posed for picture with killer of Armenian journalist". The Independent. London. Retrieved May 22, 2010.
  40. "Turkish politician fined over genocide denial". Swissinfo with agencies. March 9, 2007.
  41. Decision no. 6B_398/2007 Template:Fr icon
  42. "Basque Parliament recognizes Armenian Genocide". Panarmenian.net. 2007-05-13. Retrieved 2008-10-10.
  43. "Chile Senate recognizes Armenian Genocide". Yerkir. June 7, 2007.
  44. Opening Statement by Chairman Lantos at markup of H. Res. 106
  45. Mercosur recognizes the Armenian Genocide
  46. "Q&A: Armenian genocide dispute". BBC News. March 5, 2010. Retrieved May 22, 2010.
  47. Ferentinou, Ariana (2008-09-22). "Versality of Ottoman Rums". Turkish Daily News. Retrieved 2008-09-22.
  48. "New York Life Launches Voluntary Program To Reach Out To Heirs Of Greek Policies From 1914" (Press release). New York Life. 2008-09-22. Retrieved 2008-09-22.
  49. "Agreement Is Reached To Settle Armenian Insurance Policies From 1915" (Press release). New York Life. 2004-01-28. Retrieved 2008-09-22.
  50. Swiss court finds Turks guilty for denying Armenian genocide, AFP, October 21, 2008
  51. "ECHR rules against Turkey in Armenian property ownership case". Hurriyet Daily News Online. 2008-12-16. Retrieved 2008-12-16.
  52. http://www.iht.com/articles/2009/03/09/europe/turkey.php
  53. Catalonia Parliament recognizes the Armenian Genocide
  54. Turkey protests Sweden Armenia 'genocide' vote
  55. ABC.net.au "French-Turkish relations on ice over Armenian killings" Rachael Brown reported this story on Friday, December 23, 2011 12:22:00
  56. Coup Media "Turkey Freezes Relationship with France over Genocide Bill" Written by Valerie Polden, Thursday, 22 December 2011 19:08
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