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| Mīrzā Ghulām Aḥmad | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Founder of The Ahmadiyya Movement | |||||
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| Born | (1835-02-13)13 February 1835 Qadian, Sikh Empire | ||||
| Died | 26 May 1908(1908-05-26) (aged 73) Lahore, British Empire | ||||
| Burial | Bahishti Maqbara, Qadian, India | ||||
| Wives |
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| Father | Mirza Ghulam Murtaza | ||||
| Mother | Chiragh Bibi | ||||
| Part of a series on
Ahmadiyya |
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| Beliefs and practices |
| Distinct views |
| Days of remembrance |
| Foundational texts and sciences |
| Key literature |
| Organizational structure |
| Key sitesHijaz United Kingdom Qadian Rabwah |
Miscellaneous
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Mīrzā Ghulām Aḥmad (Arabic: ميرزا غلام أحمد; Urdu: مرزا غلام احمد; February 13, 1835 – 26 May 1908 CE, or 14 Shawal 1250 – 24 Rabi' al-thani 1326 AH) was a religious figure from India and the founder of the Ahmadiyya.
He claimed to be the Mujaddid (divine reformer) of the fourteenth Islamic century, the Promised Messiah (Second Coming of Christ), and the Mahdi awaited by the Muslims in the end days. However, he remains a controversial figure and is regarded by orthodox Muslims as heretical because he claimed to be a non law-bearing (Ummati) prophet after Muhammad, whom Muslims traditionally believe to be the final prophet sent to guide mankind. He declared that Jesus (Isa) had in fact survived the crucifixion and later died a natural death after having migrated towards Kashmir. He declared that he had appeared in the spirit and power of Jesus.
He traveled extensively across the subcontinent of India preaching his religious ideas and ideals and won substantial following within his lifetime. He is known to have engaged in numerous debates and dialogues with the Muslim, Christian and Hindu priesthood and leadership. Ghulam Ahmad founded the Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam on 23 March 1889. The mission of the movement, according to him, was the propagation of Islam in its pristine form.
Ghulam Ahmad authored around 100 books on various religious, spiritual and theological issues. He advocated a peaceful propagation of Islam and emphatically argued against the necessity of Jihad in its military form in the present age.
He was an abuse on the name of ISLAM and HUMANITY.....................................
'He was an abuse on the name of ISLAM and HUMANITY.....................................
Legacy
See also: Mirza Ghulam Ahmad bibliographyOne of the main sources of dispute during his lifetime and continuing since then is Mirza Ghulam Ahmad's use of the terms Nabi ("prophet") and Rasool ("messenger") when referring to himself. Muslims consider the prophet Muhammad to be the last of the prophets and believe that Ahmad's use of these terms is a violation of not only the rudimentary concept of the finality of prophethood, but the Qur'an itself. His followers fall into two camps in this regards. The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community believe in a literal interpretation of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad's prophethood (with some qualifications) and is currently headed by Ahmad's fifth Caliph, or successor, carrying the title of Khalifatul Masih, an institution believed to have been established soon after Ahmad's death. The Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement believe in an allegorical interpretation of these two terms and is administered by a body of people called the Anjuman Ishat-e-Islam ("movement for the propagation of Islam"), headed by an Emir. This, among other reasons, caused a split in the movement soon after Ahmad's death.
Followers of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad are considered non-Muslims in Pakistan and Saudi Arabia and have faced relentless persecution of various types over the years. In 1974, the Pakistani parliament amended the Pakistani constitution to declare Ahmadis as non-Muslims for purposes of the constitution of the Islamic Republic. In 1984, a series of changes in the Pakistan Penal Code sections relating to blasphemy were made, which, in essence, made it illegal for Ahmadis to preach their creed, leading to arrests and prosecutions.
In 2007, the Ahmadiyya were banned from practising their faith openly in the state of Belarus and given a similar status to other banned religious groups in the country.
Relative to the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, some mainstream Muslim opinion towards the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement has been more accepting, with the Lahore Ahmadiyya literature finding easier compatibility with Orthodox Muslims and some Orthodox Muslim scholars considering the members of the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement as Muslims.
A number of modern Muslim scholars and Muslim intellectuals seem to conform to the idea of peaceful Jihad as a struggle for reform through civil means, in accordance with Mirza Ghulam Ahmed's standpoint on the issue. Furthermore, some Islamic scholars have opined that Jesus has died (Mirza Ghulam Ahmad's assertion) or expressed their own confusion on this matter, though the majority orthodox position of most Muslims with regard to this issue has not changed.
Different scholars had different views on him.
- Maulvi Muhammad Hussein of Batala who was a significant leader of Ahl-e-Hadith sect. He was one of his key opponents and his fellow from youth on the writing of Barahin-e-Ahmadiyya that in his journal.
The writer of this book from the practical and theoretical observation of followers and enemies is religiously on the path of Sharia of Muhammad and is verily truthful.
- Maulvi Sirajuddin, who is father of Zafar Ali Khan in his newspaper Zamindar on the death of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad wrote.
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad(1860–1861) had lived in Sialkot. He will be of age 22 and 23. We are an eye witness to say that he was pious and saint in his youth.
- Molvi Noor Mohammad Naqshbandi had his praised contributions for Islam and against Christians.
Criticism
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Due to the nature of his claims and teachings, he had been a subject of criticism throughout his life and has been ever since his death. He and his movement are still regarded by most Muslim scholars as kuffar (unbelievers) and as guilty for an attempted schism in Islam.
Ahmadis believe that Mirza Ghulahm Ahmad's writings are taken completely out of context by critics. For example, critics may show parts of writing that support their view, but fail to show the parts of writing that contradict their view.
He was an abuse on the name of ISLAM and HUMANITY.....................................A MAN WHO DIED IN TOILET IS CALLED THE 'NABI' AHMDI FIRQA................
Termination of Jihad
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad's critics allege that he had terminated Jihad, which is an important Islamic requirement, to appease the British. His followers, however, argue that he never terminated Jihad, in the broader sense of the word, but only forbade using Jihad as a pretext to fight against a government that gives freedom of religion. An official British government report of 1901 states:
It is also interesting to notice that there is at the present time in Northern India a religious teacher of the name of Ghulam Ahmed who claims to be the Mahdi or Messiah expected by Muhammadans and Christians alike, and has obtained a considerable number of followers in the United Provinces, the Punjab and Sind. He »repudiates the doctrine of Jihád with the sword«, and regards as absolutely unlawful wars undertaken for the propagation of religion.
— Report on the Census of India, 1901, page 373
Ahmad wrote:
Behold! I have come to you people with a directive that henceforth jihad with the sword has come to an end but jihad for the purification of your souls still remains. This injunction is not from me but rather it is the will of God.
— British Government and Jihad, pg. 15
According to Ahmad this age did not require defending Islam by the sword but that the Jihad of this age was to be carried out by preaching and defending Islam by speech and by the pen. In another place he writes:
The Jihad of this age is to strive in upholding the word of Islam, to refute the objections of the opponents, to propagate the excellences of the Islamic faith, and to proclaim the truth of the Holy Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, throughout the world. This is Jihad till God Almighty brings about other conditions in the world.
—
Plagiarism
Ghulam Ahmad has been accused of plagiarising, and altering the words of Arab linguists to appear as his own. He claimed that his book Hujjatullah was of superior Arabic. However, his critics allege that several sentences and paragraphs in this text are taken directly without alteration, from Maqamat al-Hariri, the best known poetry collection of the Arabic scholar and poet Al-Hariri of Basra. For this reason, his claim to divine instruction in Arabic is not accepted in Islamic Orthodoxy. Ahmadis, however, claim that the alleged instances of plagiarism are not true because Mirza Ghulam Ahmad had deliberately inserted the writings of Al-Hariri with his own and then openly declared that he had done as such as a challenge to his critics to compare and separate the two. His followers claim that as clearly stated by him in the beginning of his book Hujjatullah it was only after his use of Arabic was labelled inadequate, ungrammatical and 'unchaste' by his opponents that Ghulam Ahmad deliberately amalgamated his own writings with that of Al-Hariri's in order to expose his adversaries; whom he called upon to distinguish between his writings and that of Al-Hariri’s. Ghulam Ahmad stated:
Thus the method which will free the people from his deception is that we present to him paragraphs from our writing and some other paragraphs from the writings of a great Arab writer while concealing the names of the authors, and then call upon him to tell us which paragraph out of this is ours and which is theirs, if you are truthful. Then if he recognises my sayings and theirs and distinguishes between them as between a shell and its kernel, then we shall give him fifty rupees as a reward.
— Hujjatulla, pg. 4–5
Disrespect of Jesus
Some critics of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad claim that he abused Jesus Christ, an accusation denied by his followers who deem the allegation to be baseless and without foundation.
The family of Jesus was perfectly holy and immaculate. Jesus' three paternal and maternal grandmothers were fornicators and prostitutes, from whose blood the body of Jesus came into existence. May be it was a condition for divinity. His inclination for prostitutes and interaction with them might also be due to this ancestral relationship. —Anjam-e-Atham, pg. 291)
Ahmadiyya view
Ahmadiyya Muslims believe that this allegation is wrong, and that this allegation is raised without properly considering the context. Mirza Ghulam Ahmad said
We inform our readers that our belief concerning Jesus is extremely noble. We most sincerely believe that he was a true prophet of Allah, and He loved him. As the Holy Qur’an tells us, we hold firm faith that he most sincerely believed in our lord and master prophet Muhammad Mustafa (may peace and blessings of Allah be on him) for his salvation, and that he was one of the hundreds of obedient servants of the Law of Moses. Therefore, we hold a great esteem for him in
accordance with his exalted status.
(Nur-ul-Qur’an, Part 2, Ruhani Khaza’in, Vol. 9, p. 374.)
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad responded to allegations as follows:
“You say that I have, as if, insulted Hadrat Masih (the Messiah) to some extent by using an abusive word with reference to him. This is a misunderstanding of yours. I believe Hadrat Masih to be a true prophet, a chosen one and beloved servant of God. What I said in retaliation was in keeping with your own faith. Hence it is you, not me, who stand accused of the accusation
that you level at me
(Jange Muqadas page 170)
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad also said
“When we are deeply hurt and unjustified attacks of all kinds are made on our Holy Prophet Muhammad, only then,as a warning, we retaliate in kind on the basis of their (Christians’) own authentic books. … they ought to point out in my writings any thing which I have written as a retaliatory response and it is not found in the Gospels. After all it is not possible for me, that on hearing the insult of the Holy Prophet, I remain silent. (Malfuzat, Vol. 9, page 479, edition 1961)
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad published a poster on 20 December 1895, and explained his position as follows:
“Everywhere in my writing I (referring to Christ) have meant the supposed Jesus of the Christians; and the humble servant of God, ‘Isa bin Maryam , who was a prophet of God and who is mentioned in the Holy Qur’an is certainly never intended in my harsh comments. I adopted this path after constantly listening to the abuses of padres for the last forty years. Some ignorant mullahs—who should better be called blind and sightless— excuse the padres and say that they, the poor, helpless fellows, do not utter a word (against the Holy Prophet), nor are they in the least disrespectful to him. But it must be borne in mind that in reality it is the padres who are in the forefront in displaying contempt, hurling insults and shouting abuses. I have a stockpile of books by those padres who have filled their writings with hundreds of abuses. Any mullah who wishes should come and see for himself. And let it be remembered that if in future any padre, shunning the ways of abuse, speaks politely, I, too, shall be polite with him. At present they themselves are responsible for the attacks on their Jesus for under no circumstances they refrain from abuse and vituperation. We are sick of listening to them.(Nur-ul-Qur’an, Part 2, Ruhani Khaza’in, Vol. 9, page 375)
He was an abuse on the name of ISLAM and HUMANITY..................................... He was died in toilet.................
Literature
- Yohanan Friedmann, Prophecy Continuous – Aspects of Ahmadi Religious Thought and Its Medieval Background; Oxford University Press (2003) ISBN 965-264-014-X
- Jesus in India, Ahmadiyya Muslim Foreign Mission Department, 1978, ISBN 978-1-85372-723-8; Original Masih Hindustan Mein, Oriental & Religious Publications Ltd., Rabwah (Online)
- The Essence of Islam, Islam International Publications, Ltd.; 2nd edition (2004), ISBN 1-85372-765-2
- Teachings of Islam, Kessinger Publishing (August 2003), ISBN 978-0-7661-7614-0
- The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam, The London Mosque Publishing, 1979
- Iain Adamson: Ahmad, The Guided One, Islam International Publications, 2000
- S. R. Valentine, 'Islam & the Ahmadiyya Jama'at', Hurst & Co, London/New York, 2008
He was an abuse on the name of ISLAM and HUMANITY..................................... He was died in toilet.................
External links
- Official Website of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community
- Official Website of the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement
- Complete List of the Works of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
- Islam-Ahmadiyya specifically caters to an Arabic-speaking audience. Like Al Islam itself, Islam-Ahmadiyya is home to a wide variety of content including books, articles and multimedia content.
- How To Distinguish Between A True Prophet And A False Prophet – Truthfulness of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Qadiani (as) according to Holy Qur'an.
| Ahmadiyya topics | |
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| Beliefs and practices | |
| Distinct views | |
| Mirza Ghulam Ahmad | |
| Literature | |
| Ahmadiyya Muslim Community |
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| Miscellaneous | |
- ^ Chapter Two – Claims of Hadhrat Ahmad
- ^ “The Fourteenth-Century's Reformer / Mujaddid”, from the “Call of Islam”, by Maulana Muhammad Ali
- Great is Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, he claimed to be The Messiah Sunday Herald, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A., 1907
- "BBC News - Who are the Ahmadi".
- Our Teaching.
- ^ Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, An Overview
- Complete List of the Works of Hadhrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1835–1908)
- “Five Pillars of Islam”, Islam 101
- “Further Similarities and Differences: (between esoteric, exoteric & Sunni/Shia) and (between Islam/Christianity/Judaism)”, Exploring World Religions, 2001, Oxford University Press Canada
- The Question of Finality of Prophethood, The Promised Messiah and Mahdi, by Dr. Aziz Ahmad Chaudhry, Islam International Publications Limited
- Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Sahib of Qadian never Claimed Prophethood (in the light of his own writings), Accusations Answered, The Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement
- Pakistan: Killing of Ahmadis continues amid impunity, Amnesty International, Public Statement, AI Index: ASA 33/028/2005 (Public), News Service No: 271; 11 October 2005
- An Act to amend the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Gazette of Pakistan, Extraordinary, Part I, 21 September 1974
- Belarus: Ahmadiyya Muslims among banned religious organisations
- ^ Tributes to Maulana Muhammad Ali and The Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement, AAIIL Website
- Al-Azhar endorses publications by Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement, AAIIL USA
- Marmaduke Pickthall's (famous British Muslim and a translator of the Quran into English) comments on Lahore Ahmadiyya Literature, AAIIL USA
- Did Jesus Die on the Cross? The History of Reflection on the End of His Earthly Life in Sunni Tafsir Literature, Joseph L. Cumming Yale University. May 2001, pp 26–30
- “The Second Coming of Jesus”, Renaissance – Monthly Islamic Journal, 14(9), September 2004.
- Islahi, Amin. Tadabbur-i-Qur’an (1st ed.). Lahore: Faran Foundation. OCLC 60341215. vol.2, p.243
- "Maulvi praised him" (PDF). Al Islam. Retrieved 18 November 2011.
- Hadhrat Ahmad (PDF). Athens, Ohio: Islam International Publications. 1967. p. 62. ISBN 188249113.
{{cite book}}:|first=missing|last=(help); Check|isbn=value: length (help) - "An Eye Witness of Piety and Saint" (PDF). Al Islam. Retrieved 18 November 2011.
- "Praise of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad". Rah-e-Huda. Retrieved 18 November 2011.
- Qadianiyyah in the light of Islam – IslamQA
- Report on the Census of India, 1901
- The British Government and Jihad, by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Sahib of Qadian
- Ahmadiyya Muslim Community: Suspension of Jihad
- Roohani Khazain, Volume 12, pg.144–145
- http://www.alislam.org/library/books/refutation/refutation-of-insult.pdf
- "Jesus of the Gospels". Alislam.org. Retrieved 6 December 2012.