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Revision as of 06:46, 18 January 2013 by ༆ (talk | contribs)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)The following is a timeline of the history of Vietnam.
Predynastic
Date | Ruler | Events | Other people/events |
4000 - 2000 BC | Excavations have yielded a number of rice remains. | ||
3500 BC | The Red River Delta was first host to wet rice cultivation. |
Hồng Bàng Dynasty
Early Hồng Bàng
Date | Ruler | Events | Other people/events |
2879 BC | King Lục Dương Vương (2879 - 2794 BC) | Lộc Tục succeeded in grouping all the vassal states within his territory into a unified nation, proclaimed himself Kinh Dương Vương and called his newly born nation Xích Quỷ. The capital was Phong Châu (then in nowadays southern Hanoi). | |
2793 BC | Many kings named themselves Hùng Hiền Vương (2793 - 2525 BC) | ||
2524 BC | Many kings named themselves Hùng Quốc Vương (2524 - 2253 BC) | Xích Quỷ was renamed Văn Lang. | Capital Phong Châu was moved to the site of modern Phú Thọ. |
~2500 BC | The Hùng Vương expands rice cultivation. | ||
2254 BC | Many kings named themselves Hùng Diệp Vương (2254 - 1913 BC) | ||
~2000 BC | Phùng Nguyên culture. |
Middle Hồng Bàng
Date | Ruler | Events | Other people/events |
1912 BC | Many kings named themselves Hùng Hy Vương (1912 - 1713 BC) | ||
1712 BC | Many kings named themselves Hùng Huy Vương (1712 - 1632 BC) | ||
1631 BC | Many kings named themselves Hùng Chiêu Vương (1631 - 1432 BC) | ||
~1500 BC | Đồng Đậu culture. | ||
1431 BC | Many kings named themselves Hùng Vi Vương (1431 - 1332 BC) | ||
1331 BC | Many kings named themselves Hùng Định Vương (1331 - 1252 BC) | ||
1251 BC | Many kings named themselves Hùng Nghi Vương (1251 - 1162 BC) | ||
~1200 BC | Development of irrigated rice cultivation in the Ma River and Red River plains. | Development of bronze casting, which later led to the development of the Đông Sơn culture. | |
1161 BC | Many kings named themselves Hùng Trinh Vương (1161 - 1055 BC) | ||
~1045 BC | Gò Mun culture. |
Late Hồng Bàng
Date | Ruler | Events | Other people/events |
1054 BC | Many kings named themselves Hùng Vũ Vương (1054 - 969 BC) | ||
~1000 BC | Đông Sơn culture, notable for its elaborate bronze drums. | Văn Lang's population is about 1 million people. | |
968 BC | Many kings named themselves Hùng Việt Vương (968 - 854 BC) | ||
853 BC | Many kings named themselves Hùng Anh Vương (853 - 755 BC) | ||
754 BC | Many kings named themselves Hùng Triệu Vương (754 - 661 BC) | ||
~700 BC | The process of migration of refugees from the Spring and Autumn period to Red River Delta began. This included the Lạc Việt tribes who would become the dominant group within the country. | ||
660 BC | Many kings named themselves Hùng Tạo Vương (660 - 569 BC) | ||
? | General Thạch Tướng putted down the Man rebellion. | ||
~600 BC | Appearance of the tidal irrigation of rice fields through an elaborate system of canals and dikes. The fields were called Lạc fields. | ||
568 BC | Many kings named themselves Hùng Nghi Vương (568 - 409 BC) | ||
~470 BC | King Goujian of Yue sent missions to Văn Lang demanding submission but the Hùng Vương refused. | ||
408 BC | Many kings named themselves Hùng Duệ Vương (408 - 258 BC) | ||
~400 BC | A mass migration to Red River Delta took place because of the Warring States period. | ||
300 BC | Proselytizing Buddhist delegations are sent from India, some of whom are thought to have reached Văn Lang. | The Âu Việt reached the northern border of Văn Lang and began to trade with the Lạc Việt. | |
258 BC | Thục Phán, the ruler of the neighboring upland Âu Việt tribes, conquered Văn Lang and overthrew the last Hùng Duệ Vương. |
Thục Dynasty
Date | Ruler | Events | Other people/events |
King An Dương Vương (257 - 207 BC) |
Triệu Dynasty
Date | Ruler | Events | Other people/events |
206 BC | King Triệu Vũ Vương (207 - 137 BC) | Triệu Vũ Vương merged Âu Lạc with Guangdong and Guangxi. | |
204 BC | Triệu Vũ Vương named the country Nam Việt, set up the capital at Phiên Ngung, and proclaimed himself Martial King of Nam Việt. | ||
203 BC | After the Qin dynasty perished, Triệu army conquered the Quế Lâm county. | ||
196 BC | First tribute to Han dynasty after an envoy from the Han Empire gave Triệu Vũ Vương a seal recognizing him as King of Nam Việt. | ||
183 BC | The economy suffered by Empress Dowager Lü's blockade of trade. Triệu Vũ Vương declared himself Martial Emperor of Nam Việt and sacked Changsha country to the North. | The kingdoms of Minyue, Yelang and Tongshi declared their allegiance to Nam Việt rule, greatly expanding Nam Việt's territory and control. | |
180 BC | The military conflict with the Han Empire ended as Empress Dowager Lü died. As the victor, Triệu Vũ Vương also extended his territory by conquering towns near the boundary. | ||
179 BC | Second tributary obeisance to Han dynasty. | Luy Lâu, a major Buddhist center in the region, founded. | |
King Triệu Văn Vương (137 - 122 BC) | |||
King Triệu Minh Vương (122 - 115 BC) | |||
King Triệu Ai Vương (115 - 112 BC) | |||
King Triệu Dương Vương (112 - 111 BC) |
Han domination
Date | Ruler | Events | Other people/events |
Thạch Đái (111 - 86 BC) | |||
Chu Chương (86 - 75 BC) | |||
Đặng Nhượng (8 - 23) | |||
Nhâm Diên (29 - 33) | |||
39 | Tô Định (34 - 40) | Trưng Sisters lead a rebellion against Han rule. |
Trưng Sisters
Date | Ruler | Events | Other people/events |
43 | Queen Trưng Nữ Vương (40 - 43) | Han general Ma Yuan crushed the Trưng sisters. |
Han to Liang domination
Anterior Lý Dynasty
Date | Ruler | Ruler | Events | Other people/events |
544 | Emperor Lý Nam Đế (544 - 548) | Lý Bí proclaimed himself emperor and named the country Vạn Xuân. | ||
545 | Defeated by the Liang army under Trần Bá Tiên at Chu Diên and at the estuary of the Tô Lịch River, Lý Nam Đế fled to the Gia Ninh Citadel (in modern Việt Trì). | |||
546 | As the Gia Ninh Citadel collapsed, Lý Nam Đế retreated to Khuất Lạo Cave, reorganized his army and ceded his military authorities to General Triệu Quang Phục. | |||
547 | Triệu Quang Phục withdrew to defend Dạ Trạch swamp (Khoái Châu District). | |||
548 | Emperor Triệu Việt Vương (548 - 571) | Emperor Lý Đào Lang Vương (548 - 555) | After the death of Lý Nam Đế in Khuất Lão Cave, Triệu Quang Phục proclaimed himself Triệu Việt Vương. Trần Bá Tiên besieged several times but failed to toppled him. | |
550 | Triệu Việt Vương defeated the Liang army and regained Vạn Xuân, building his capital at Long Biên. | While Triệu Quang Phục led his forces against Trần Bá Tiên, Lý Thiên Bảo defended Dã Năng (now in Laos) and proclaimed himself Đào Lang Vương.. | ||
555 | Lý Phật Tử succeeded Đào Lang Vương in military dominance. | |||
557 | Emperor Later Lý Nam Đế (555 - 602) | Lý Phật Tử moved his troops eastward clashing with Triệu Việt Vương but the two sides came up with a truce and created a boundary between their territories. | ||
571 | Lý Phật Tử broke the truce and conquered an unpreparedness Triệu Việt Vương's domain. Lý Phật Tử now ruled the entire country and built the capital at Phong Châu. | |||
602 | The Sui army invaded Vạn Xuân forcing Later Lý Nam Đế to controversially decide to abdicate in exchange for peace and political stability in the region. |
Sui to Tang domination
Ngô Dynasty
Date | Ruler | Ruler | Events | Other people/events |
King Tiền Ngô Vương (939 - 944) | ||||
King Dương Bình Vương (944 - 950) | ||||
King Nam Tấn Vương (950 - 965) | King Thiên Sách Vương (951 - 954) | |||
12 Warlords (965 - 968): Ngô Xương Xí, Ngô Lãm Công, Đỗ Cảnh Công, Phạm Phòng Át, Kiều Tam Chế, Nguyễn Thái Bình, Nguyễn Hữu Công, Nguyễn Lệnh Công, Kiều Lệnh Công, Lý Lãng, Trần Minh Công, Lã Tá Công |
Đinh Dynasty
Date | Ruler | Events | Other people/events |
Emperor Đinh Tiên Hoàng (968 - 979) | |||
Emperor Đinh Phế Đế (979 - 980) |
Prior Lê Dynasty
Date | Ruler | Events | Other people/events |
981 | Emperor Lê Đại Hành (980 - 1005) | Lê Hoàn defeats a Song invasion. | |
982 | Lê armies invade Champa and destroy its capital, Indrapura. | ||
Emperor Lê Trung Tông (1005) | |||
Emperor Lê Ngọa Triều (1005 - 1009) |
Posterior Lý Dynasty
Date | Ruler | Ruler | Events | Other people/events |
Emperor Lý Thái Tổ (1009 - 1028) | ||||
Emperor Lý Thái Tông (1028 - 1054) | ||||
1070 | Emperor Lý Thánh Tông (1054 - 1072) | Temple of Literature founded. | ||
1075 | Emperor Lý Nhân Tông (1072 - 1127) | Minor officials chosen by examination for the first time. | ||
Emperor Lý Thần Tông (1127 - 1138) | ||||
Emperor Lý Anh Tông (1138 - 1175) | ||||
Emperor Lý Cao Tông (1176 - 1210) | Emperor Lý Thẩm (1209) | |||
Emperor Lý Huệ Tông (1211 - 1224) | Emperor Lý Nguyên Vương (1214 - 1216) | |||
Queen Lý Chiêu Hoàng (1224 - 1225) |
Trần Dynasty
Date | Ruler | Events | Other people/events |
1258 | Emperor Trần Thái Tông (1225 - 1258) | First Mongol invasion repelled. | |
Emperor Trần Thánh Tông (1258 - 1278) | |||
1285 | Emperor Trần Nhân Tông (1278 - 1293) | Second Mongol invasion defeated. Resistance led by Trần Hưng Đạo. | |
1288 | Third Mongol invasion repelled. | ||
1306 | Emperor Trần Anh Tông (1293 - 1314) | Trần princess Huyền Trân marries Cham ruler Chế Mân in Huế; marriage politics. | |
Emperor Trần Minh Tông (1314 - 1329) | |||
Emperor Trần Hiến Tông (1329 - 1341) | |||
1360 | Emperor Trần Dụ Tông (1341 - 1369) | Wars against Champa under Chế Bồng Nga (to 1390). | |
Emperor Hôn Đức Công (1369 - 1370) | |||
Emperor Trần Nghệ Tông (1370 - 1372) | |||
Emperor Trần Duệ Tông (1372 - 1377) | |||
Emperor Trần Phế Đế (1377 - 1388) | |||
Emperor Trần Thuận Tông (1388 - 1398) | |||
Emperor Trần Thiếu Đế (1398 - 1400) |
Hồ Dynasty
Date | Ruler | Events | Other people/events |
King Hồ Quý Ly (1400) | |||
King Hồ Hán Thương (1401 - 1407) |
Ming domination
Later Lê Dynasty
Date | Ruler | Ruler | Events | Other people/events |
1428 | Emperor Lê Thái Tổ (1428 - 1433) | The country once again named Đại Việt. | ||
Emperor Lê Thái Tông (1433 - 1442) | ||||
Emperor Lê Nhân Tông (1442 - 1459) | ||||
Emperor Lê Nghi Dân (1459 - 1460) | ||||
1483 | Emperor Lê Thánh Tông (1460 - 1497) | Hồng Đức legal code promulgated. | ||
Emperor Lê Hiến Tông (1497 - 1504) | ||||
Emperor Lê Túc Tông (1504) | ||||
Emperor Lê Uy Mục (1504 - 1509) | ||||
Emperor Lê Tương Dực (1509 - 1516) | ||||
Emperor Lê Quang Trị (1516) | ||||
Emperor Lê Chiêu Tông (1516 - 1522) | Emperor Lê Bảng (1518 - 1519) | |||
Emperor Lê Do (1519) | ||||
Emperor Lê Cung Hoàng (1522 - 1527) |
Mạc Dynasty
Restored Lê Dynasty
Tây Sơn Dynasty
Date | Ruler | Ruler | Events | Other people/events |
1778 | Emperor Thái Đức (1778 - 1793) | Most of Nguyễn clan annihilated by the Tây Sơn. Nguyễn Ánh's loyalists retake Gia Định. | Thái Đức sets up the capital at Quy Nhơn. | |
1783 | Nguyễn Ánh flees the country. | |||
1785 | Battle of Rạch Gầm-Xoài Mút. | |||
1786 | Phú Xuân Campaign. | Thăng Long Campaign. | ||
1787 | Nguyễn Nhạc-Nguyễn Huệ split. | French missionary Pigneau de Behaine persuades French court to assist in restoration of the Nguyễn. Treaty of Versailles. | ||
1788 | Emperor Quang Trung (1788 - 1792) | Nguyễn Ánh retakes Gia Định. | ||
1789 | Battle of Ngọc Hồi-Đống Đa. | |||
1790 | Battle of Bình Thuận. | |||
1792 | Death and funeral of Quang Trung. | |||
1800 | Emperor Cảnh Thịnh (1792 - 1802) | Siege of Quy Nhơn. | ||
1801 | Battle of Thị Nại. | |||
1802 | Battle of Trấn Ninh | The Nguyễn defeat last of Tây Sơn forces. |
Nguyễn Dynasty
Date | Ruler | Events | Other people/events |
1802 | Emperor Gia Long (1802 - 1820) | Capital moved to Huế. | |
1809 | Nguyễn Du completes The Tale of Kiều. | ||
1821 | Emperor Minh Mạng (1820 - 1841) | Phan Bá Vành uprising. | |
1833 | Nông Văn Vân uprising. | Lê Văn Khôi revolt. | |
1845 | Emperor Thiệu Trị (1841 - 1847) | USS Constitution lands in Da Nang as a company of US Marines moves overland to Huế and rescues a French Bishop who had been captured by the Vietnamese. | |
1847 | French bombardment of Da Nang in response to persecution of Catholic missionaries. | ||
1854 | Emperor Tự Đức (1847 - 1883) | Cao Bá Quát uprising. | |
Emperor Dục Đức (1883) | |||
Emperor Hiệp Hòa (1883) | |||
Emperor Kiến Phúc (1883 - 1884) | |||
Emperor Hàm Nghi (1884 - 1885) | |||
Emperor Đồng Khánh (1885 - 1889) | |||
Emperor Thành Thái (1889 - 1907) | |||
Emperor Duy Tân (1907 - 1916) | |||
Emperor Khải Định (1916 - 1925) | |||
Emperor Bảo Đại (1925 - 1945) |
Republic
Date | Ruler | Events | Other people/events |
1976 | President Tôn Đức Thắng (1976 - 1980) | The National Assembly proclaims official unification of Vietnam as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. | Fourth National Party Congress. The Vietnamese Workers Party renamed the Vietnam Communist Party. |
1977 | Vietnam admitted to United Nations. | ||
1978 | Vietnam admitted to membership in the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon). | Vietnam and the Soviet Union sign a 25-year "Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation." | |
President Nguyễn Hữu Thọ (1980 - 1981) | |||
1982 | Trường Chinh, Chairman of the State Council (1981 - 1987) | Fifth National Party Congress. | |
1986 | Sixth National Party Congress. | ||
1991 | Võ Chí Công, Chairman of the State Council (1987 - 1992) | Seventh National Party Congress. | |
1996 | President Lê Đức Anh (1992 - 1997) | Eighth National Party Congress. | |
2001 | President Trần Đức Lương (1997 - 2006) | Ninth National Party Congress. | |
2006 | Tenth National Party Congress. | ||
2011 | President Nguyễn Minh Triết (2006 - 2011) | Eleventh National Party Congress. | |
President Trương Tấn Sang (2011 - present) |
Notes
- Dao 1985
- Vietnam Notebook: Early History, Nam Viet to Gia Long
- Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư, Issue 1
- ^ Timeline of the Hùng Vương era
- Đồng Đậu archaeological site
- ^ Vietnamese History: A Chronological Outline
- ^ Vietnam - HISTORY
- Gò Mun culture
- ^ Hauptly, 1985, 4
- Đào Duy Anh, Đất nước Việt Nam qua các đời, NXB VHTT, 2005, p. 21
- Cao Xuân Đỉnh 1969, pp. 126–130
- Âu Lạc under An Dương Vương
- Nguyẽ̂n, Tài Thư (1997), p.13.
- Vietnamese nationality timeline
- Lĩnh Nam chích quái
- Taylor, 1991, p. 24.
- Nguyẽ̂n, Tài Thư (1997), p.20.
- ^ Vietnam - a country study
- Việt sử Thông giám cương mục.
- Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư, Issue 4
- Lịch sử chế độ phong kiến, Vol. 3, pp. 505–506.
- ^ Leadup to French Colonization.
References
- Cao Xuân Đỉnh. Người anh hùng làng Dóng. NxbKHXH 1969.
- Dao, T. T. 1985. Types of rice cultivation and its related civilization in Vietnam. East Asian Cultural Studies 24: 41—56.
- Hauptly, Denis J. (1985), In Vietnam, New York.
- Taylor, Keith Weller, The Birth of Vietnam. University of California Press, 1991.
- Tài Thư Nguyẽ̂n (1997), History of Buddhism in Vietnam, Cultural heritage and contemporary change: South East Asia, CRVP, ISBN 1565180984
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