List of exoplanet firsts - Misplaced Pages

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This is a list of exoplanet discoveries that were the first by several criteria, including:

and others.

The first

Title	Planet	Star	Year	Notes
First extrasolar planet discovered.	PSR B1257+12 B PSR B1257+12 C	PSR B1257+12	1992	First exoplanets discovered, first pulsar planets, first super-earths discovered. The planet around Gamma Cephei was already suspected in 1988. HD 114762 b was discovered in 1989, but was not confirmed as a planet before 1996.

By discovery method

First discovery by a method
Title	Planet	Star	Year	Notes
First planet discovered via pulsar timing.	PSR B1257+12 B PSR B1257+12 C	PSR B1257+12	1992	First extrasolar planets discovered, first super-earths.
First planet discovered via radial velocity.	51 Pegasi b	51 Pegasi	1995	First planet found around a sun like star.
First planet discovered via transit.	OGLE-TR-56 b	OGLE-TR-56	2002	This was also the second planet detected through transiting, and the then farthest planet known at time of discovery. The first extrasolar planet discovered to be transiting was HD 209458 b, which had already been discovered by the radial velocity method.
First planet discovered via gravitational lensing.	OGLE-2003-BLG-235L b	OGLE-2003-BLG-235L / MOA-2003-BLG-53L	2004	This was discovered independently by the OGLE and MOA teams.
First exoplant discovered by directly imaging the extrasolar planet	1RXS J160929.1−210524 b	1RXS J160929.1−210524	2008	Revised mass places it at or above the deuterium-burning limit. May be a sub-brown dwarf instead of a planet, depending on formation mechanism and definitions chosen.
First extrasolar planet discovered by indirect imaging (visible light)	Fomalhaut b	Fomalhaut	2008	Discovered by a light reflecting off of a dust cloud surrounding the planet. First planet orbiting an ABO star.
First exoplanet discovered by orbital perturbations of another planet	Kepler-19c	Kepler-19 (KOI-84, TYC 3134-1549-1)	2011	Its existence was inferred by the gravitational influence it had on the orbital periodicity of Kepler-19b.
First exoplanets discovered by orbital phase reflected light variations	KOI-55.01, KOI-55.02	KOI-55	2011

By detection method

First detection by a method
Title	Planet	Star	Year	Notes
First planet detected via pulsar timing.	PSR B1257+12 B PSR B1257+12 C	PSR B1257+12	1992
First planet detected by transit method	HD 209458	HD 209458 b	1999	This first exoplanet found to be transiting had already been discovered by the radial velocity method.
First directly imaged extrasolar planet. (infrared)	2M1207 b	2M1207	2004	May be a sub-brown dwarf instead of a planet, depending on formation mechanism and definitions chosen. If it is a planet, it is the first known planet around a brown dwarf.
First directly imaged extrasolar planet orbiting a 'normal' star. (infrared)	1RXS J160929.1−210524 b	1RXS J160929.1−210524	2008

By system type

First discovery by system type
Title	Planet	Star	Year	Notes
First extrasolar planet discovered in a solitary star system.	PSR B1257+12 B PSR B1257+12 C	PSR B1257+12	1992	First extrasolar planets discovered HD 114762 b was discovered in 1989, but was not confirmed as a planet before 1996.
First "free-floating" planet discovered	S Ori J053810.1-023626 (S Ori 70)	—	2004	Has a mass of 3 M_Jupiter, needs confirmation.
First planet discovered in a multiple main-sequence star system.	55 Cancri b	55 Cancri	1996	55 Cnc has distant red dwarf companion. The planet around Gamma Cephei was already suspected in 1988. Gamma Cephei Ab is the first relatively close binary with a planet.
First planet discovered in a circumbinary orbit.	PSR B1620-26 b	PSR B1620-26	1993	Orbits a pulsar and a white dwarf.
First multiple planet extrasolar system discovered.	PSR B1257+12 A PSR B1257+12 B PSR B1257+12 C	PSR B1257+12	1992	First pulsar planetary system.
First multiple planet system in a multi-star system where multiple planets orbit multiple stars	Kepler-47b Kepler-47c	Kepler-47	2012
First planet discovered in globular cluster.	PSR B1620-26 b	PSR B1620-26	1993	Located in Messier 4
First binary star system where both components have separate planetary systems.	HD 20781 b HD 20781 c HD 20782 b	HD 20781 HD 20782	2011

Title	Planet	Star	Year	Notes
No star system
First non-stellar planet	S Ori J053810.1-023626 (S Ori 70)	—	2004
Single star system
First planet in a solitary star system	PSR B1257+12 B PSR B1257+12 C	PSR B1257+12	1992
Binary star system
First planet in a binary star system	55 Cancri Ab	55 Cancri	1996
First planet in single star orbit a binary star system	55 Cancri Ab	55 Cancri	1996
First planet in a circumbinary orbit in a binary star system	PSR B1620-26 b	PSR B1620-26	1993	The existence of the planet was confirmed in 2003.
Trinary star system
First planet in a trinary star system	16 Cygni Bb	16 Cygni	1996	The stars in this system are 16 Cygni A, 16 Cygni B and 16 Cygni C.
First planet in a single star orbit trinary star system	16 Cygni Bb	16 Cygni	1996	16 Cygni A and and Cygni C form a main pair with semi-major axis being 73 AU. 16 Cygni B orbits 877 to 15,180 AU from barycenter of a A and C pair.
First planet in multi-star orbit a trinary star system
First planet in a circumbinary orbit in a trinary star system
First planet in a triple-star orbit in a trinary star system
Quadruple star system
First planet in a quadruple star system	PH1 or Kepler-64b	Kepler-64	2012
First planet in a multi-star orbit in a quadruple star system	PH1 or Kepler-64b	Kepler-64	2012
First planet in a single star orbit quadruple star system
First circumbinary planet discovered in a quadruple star system	PH1 or Kepler-64b	Kepler-64	2012

By star type

First discovery by star type
Title	Planet	Star	Year	Notes
First pulsar planet discovered.	PSR B1257+12 B PSR B1257+12 C	PSR B1257+12	1992
First known extrasolar planet orbiting a main sequence star. (Sun-like)	51 Pegasi b	51 Pegasi	1995	First hot jupiter.
First known planet orbiting an ABO star. (blue-white star)	Fomalhaut b	Fomalhaut	2008	First extrasolar planet discovered by visible light image.
First known planet orbiting a red dwarf.	Gliese 876 b	Gliese 876	1998
First known planet orbiting a giant star.	Iota Draconis b	Iota Draconis	2002	Aldebaran b was announced in 1997, but has not been confirmed.
First known planet orbiting a white dwarf.	PSR B1620-26 b	PSR B1620-26	1993	GD 66 b was announced in 2007, but has not been confirmed
First known planet orbiting a brown dwarf.	2M1207 b	2M1207	2004	May in fact be a sub-brown dwarf instead of a planet, depending on formation mechanism and definitions chosen. First directly imaged planet.
First "free-floating" planet discovered	S Ori J053810.1-023626 (S Ori 70)	—	2004	Has mass of 3 M_Jupiter, needs confirmation.

By planet type

Firsts by planet type
Title	Planet	Star	Year	Notes
First hot Jupiter.	51 Pegasi b	51 Pegasi	1995	First planet discovered orbiting a main sequence star.
First extrasolar terrestrial planet orbiting a main sequence star.	Mu Arae c	Mu Arae	2004	Terrestrial nature of this planet is not confirmed, as no radius measurements are available so the density is unknown. The minimum mass is comparable to that of Uranus in our own solar system, which is not a terrestrial planet. The first extrasolar planet known to have a density compatible with being a rocky planet is CoRoT-7b.
First super-earth discovered	PSR B1257+12 B PSR B1257+12 C	PSR B1257+12	1992	First planets discovered
First super-earth orbiting a main sequence star.	Gliese 876 d	Gliese 876	2005	Orbits a red dwarf star.
First icy extrasolar planet orbiting a main sequence star.	OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb	OGLE-2005-BLG-390L	2006	Orbits a red dwarf star. The icy nature of this planet is not confirmed, as no radius measurements are available so the density is unknown. The first extrasolar planet known to have a density compatible with being an icy planet is GJ 1214 b, though even for this case there are other possibilities for the composition.
First evaporating planet discovered	HD 209458 b	HD 209458	1999	First transiting planet.
First ocean planet candidate; also first Goldilocks planet.	Gliese 581 d	Gliese 581	2007	Orbits a red dwarf star. This planet orbits a little too far from the star, but the greenhouse effect would be enough to make this planet habitable. The other ocean planet candidate GJ 1214 b was detected by transit in which the density was calculated and determined that this planet is an ocean planet.
First "free-floating" planet discovered	S Ori J053810.1-023626 (S Ori 70)	—	2004	Has mass of 3 M_Jupiter, needs confirmation.

Other

Other firsts
Title	Planet	Star	Year	Notes
First extrasolar transiting planet.	HD 209458 b	HD 209458	1999	OGLE-TR-56 b is the first planet found by transit method.
First multi-planet extrasolar system directly imaged.	HR 8799 b HR 8799 c HR 8799 d HR 8799 e	HR 8799	2008
First planet discovered with a retrograde orbit.	WASP-17b	WASP-17	2009	The planet HAT-P-7b was discovered before WASP-17b, but its retrograde nature was announced after that of WASP-17b.
First extrasolar planet with serious potential to support life.	Gliese 581 g	Gliese 581	2010	This planet may be tidally locked to its parent star, but there could be a habitable band along the terminator. The other one is Kepler-22b.

Notes

^ Free-floating objects are not usually considered planets
^ The mass range of Super-Earths is disputed

References

^ Space.com, "Out There: A Strange Zoo of Other Worlds", Charles Q. Choi, 14 February 2010 (accessed 2010-10-20)
^ Space.com, "Earth-Sized Planets Confirmed, But They're Dead Worlds", Robert Roy Britt, 29 May 2003 (accessed 20-10-2010)
Nature, "Extrasolar planets: Light through a gravitational lens", Didier Queloz, 26 January 2006, Vol.439, Issue 7075, pp.400-401, doi:10.1038/439400a, Bibcode:2006Natur.439..400Q
^ SpaceDaily.com, "Farthest Known Planet Opens the Door For Finding New Earths", 10 January 2003 (accessed 2010-10-24)
^ PhysOrg.com, "New Era in Planetary Science", 23 March 2005 (accessed 2010-10-24)
Sky and Telescope, "First Planet Found by Microlensing", Alan M. MacRobert, 16 April 2004 (accessed 2010-10-24)
^ Exoplanet 'circles normal star', BBC News Online, September 15, 2008
TG Daily, "'Invisible' planet detected", Kate Taylor, 9 September 2011
Time, "Found: A (So Far) Invisible World", Michael D. Lemonick, 9 September 2011
Template:Cite article
^ Space.com, "Mysterious Object Might be First Extrasolar Planet Photographed", Robert Roy Britt, 22 May 2002 (accessed 2010-10-24)
Space.com, "Newfound 'Tatooine' Alien Planet Bodes Well for E.T. Search", Charles Q. Choi, 4 September 2012 (accessed 5 September 2012)
SpaceDaily, "Astronomers Find First Multi-Planet System Around a Binary Star", 3 September 2012 (accessed 5 September 2012)
BUTLER P. & MARCY G., The Lick Observatory Planet Search in: Astronomical and Biochemical Origins and the Search for Life in the Universe, IAU Colloquium No. 161, Capri 1–5 July 1996, eds. C.B. Cosmovici, S. Bowyer, and D. Werthimer
^ "Analysis of the motion of an extrasolar planet in a binary system". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2012. arXiv:1212.3843. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
BUTLER P. & MARCY G., The Lick Observatory Planet Search in: Astronomical and Biochemical Origins and the Search for Life in the Universe, IAU Colloquium No. 161, Capri 1–5 July 1996, eds. C.B. Cosmovici, S. Bowyer, and D. Werthimer
NASA JPL, "Citizens Discover Four-Star Planet with NASA's Kepler", Whitney Clavin, 15 October 2012 (accessed 20 October 2012)
^ PlanetHunters.org, "PH1 : A planet in a four-star system", 15 October 2012 (accessed 20 October 2012)

Exoplanets

Main topics

Sizes
and
types

Terrestrial	Carbon planet Coreless planet Desert planet Dwarf planet Hycean planet Ice planet Iron planet (Super-Mercury) Lava planet Ocean world Mega-Earth Sub-Earth Super-Earth
Gaseous	Eccentric Jupiter Mini-Neptune (Gas dwarf) Helium planet Hot Jupiter Hot Neptune Gas giant Ice giant Super-Jupiter Super-Neptune Super-puff Ultra-hot Jupiter Ultra-hot Neptune
Other types	Blanet Brown dwarf Chthonian planet Circumbinary planet Circumtriple planet Disrupted planet Double planet Ecumenopolis Eyeball planet Giant planet Mesoplanet Planemo Planet/Brown dwarf boundary Planetesimal Protoplanet Pulsar planet Sub-brown dwarf Sub-Neptune Toroidal planet Ultra-cool dwarf Ultra-short period planet (USP)