Animation

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Animation refers to the process in which each frame of a film or movie is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Generating such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the process.

Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA, then adapted by other studios cartoons moved from movies into television.

Animation History

The history of film animation begins with the earliest days of silent film and continues through the present day.

Because the history of animation as an art form has undergone many changes in its hundred-year history, Misplaced Pages presents four separate chapters in the development of animation:

Hollywood Animation: The Silent Period (1900s through 1920s)

The beginnings of theatrical animated cartoons in the era of silent film, ranging from the works of Winsor McCay through Koko the Clown and Felix the Cat