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Cannabis in pregnancy

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Use of cannabis (also known as marijuana) in pregnancy is the subject of various scientific studies.

Potential effects observable in perinatal period

A study of 600 mothers that reported smoking cannabis during pregnancy suggested that it was not associated with increased risk of perinatal mortality.

A study on 100 women who used cannabis throughout their pregnancies, as well as their babies' first year, did not detect any tendency towards low birth weight by prenatal exposure to cannabis.

However, cannabis use during pregnancy has some evidence of causing, delayed commencement of breathing, exaggerated startle response, tremors, poorer visual acuity, poorer ability to adapt to new aspects of the environment, and a ventricular septal defect.

Cannabis use of the father during during conception, pregnancy or postnatally is associated with an increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in their infants.

Infections

In the first six months of life, babies who have had prenatal exposure to cannabis are at greater risk of developing asthma and respiratory tract infections.

Neurodevelopmental effects

In a 1991 study, the development of 59 Jamaican children was monitored from birth to age 5 using the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale and the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities. The results after five years showed no statistically significant developmental differences between using and non-using mothers. The only difference observed was at 30 days of age, when the children of cannabis-using mothers had better autonomic stability and reflexes. Another similar study on Jamaican children found that children who had been exposed to cannabis prenatally had no significant differences from non-exposed infants at three days of age, and were better in some cognitive tests at one month of age.

Some studies have found that children of tobacco and cannabis-smoking mothers more frequently suffer from lasting cognitive deficits, concentration disorders, hyperactivity, and impaired social interactions than non-exposed children of the same age and social background. For example, a prospective study in Ottawa that performed follow-up on 145 adolescents came to the result that those with prenatal exposure to cannabis performed worse on abstract designs and spelling. A report prepared for the Australian National Council on Drugs concluded cannabis and other cannabinoids are contraindicated in pregnancy as it may interact with the endocannabinoid system. However, the previously discussed studies on Jamaican children conflict with this conclusion.

Childhood cancer

There is some evidence that prenatal cannabis exposure increases the risk of certain childhood cancers, including non-lymphoblastic leukemia, rhabdomyosarcoma and astrocytoma.

See also

References

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  2. "Identifying prenatal cannabis exposure and effects of concurrent tobacco exposure on neonatal growth". Clinical Chemistry. 56 (9): 1442–1450. 2010-07-13. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2010.147876. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  3. ^ Cannabis use and pregnancy, fact sheet by the National Cannabis Prevention and Information Centre. Factsheet published August 1, 2008. Updated October 1, 2011.
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  9. Copeland, Jan; Gerber, Saul; Swift, Wendy (2006). Evidence-based answers to cannabis questions: a review of the literature. Canberra: Australian National Council on Drugs. ISBN 978-1-877018-12-1.
  10. "Information and Resources • NCPIC". Ncpic.org.au. 2011-03-11. Retrieved 2011-04-20.
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