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Haiyan (Yolanda)
Current storm status Category 4 super typhoon (1-min mean)
Satellite image Forecast map
As of:	18:00 UTC November 8
Location:	12.4°N 118.2°E About 170 nmi (310 km; 200 mi) S of Manila, Philippines
Sustained winds:	90 (10-min mean) 135 (1-min mean) gusting to 130
Pressure:	940
Movement:	W at 22 kn (41 km/h; 25 mph)
See more detailed information.

Typhoon Haiyan (known in the Philippines as Typhoon Yolanda) is a powerful tropical cyclone currently in the South China Sea. Haiyan, which means petrel in Chinese (海燕), is one of the most intense tropical cyclones on record.

Meteorological history

On November 2, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) began monitoring a broad area of low pressure located about 425 km (265 mi) east-southeast of Pohnpei, one of the states in the Federated States of Micronesia. The system featured broken banding features alongside steadily consolidating convection. Environmental conditions ahead of the disturbance favored tropical cyclogenesis and dynamic weather forecast models predicted that a well-defined tropical cyclone would form within 72 hours. Early on November 3, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) classified the system as a tropical depression. Owing to a consolidating low-level circulation center with building deep convection, the JTWC also classified the system as a tropical depression, shortly after issuing a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert. Subsequent intensification resulted in the JMA upgrading the system to a tropical storm and assigning it the name Haiyan at 0000 UTC on November 4. Meanwhile, the JTWC also upgraded it to a tropical storm, when the expansive system was steadily consolidating in an area of weak to moderate vertical wind shear and tracking westward along the southern periphery of a subtropical ridge. By November 5, the storm began to undergo rapid intensification as a prominent central dense overcast with an embedded eye began developing. Owing to the formation of an eye, the JTWC estimated Haiyan to have achieved typhoon status around 0000 UTC that day. The JMA followed suit 18 hours later, by which time the JTWC estimated one-minute sustained winds to have reached 195 km/h (120 mph).

A small typhoon, with a core roughly 110 km (70 mi) across, rapid intensification continued through November 6 as a 11 km (7 mi) wide pin-hole eye formed. Upper-level outflow favored further strengthening of the system and was further enhanced by a Tropical Upper Tropospheric Trough to the northeast. Intense banding features along the southern periphery of Haiyan wrapped into the system as well. Early on November 6, the JTWC estimated the system to have achieved super typhoon status. That day, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration assigned the storm the local name Yolanda as it approached their area of responsibility. Intensification slowed somewhat during the day, though the JTWC estimated the storm to have attained Category 5-equivalent status on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale around 1200 UTC. At this time, Haiyan displayed a 15 km (9 mi) wide eye surrounded by a ring of deep convection. Later, the eye of the typhoon passed over the island of Kayangel in Palau.

Around 1200 UTC on November 7, Haiyan attained its peak intensity with ten-minute sustained winds of 235 km/h (145 mph) and a barometric pressure of 895 mbar (hPa; 26.43 inHg). Six hours later, the JTWC estimated Haiyan to have attained one-minute sustained winds of 315 km/h (195 mph). This unofficially ranks Haiyan as the fourth-strongest tropical cyclone on record in terms of wind speed, only exceeded by Typhoon Ida (325 km/h) in 1958, Typhoon Violet (335 km/h) in 1961, and Typhoon Nancy (345 km/h) in 1961. However, due to the fact the wind recordings in typhoons were erroneously high during the 1950s and 1960s, Haiyan unofficially ranks as the strongest tropical cyclone on record. The storm displayed some characteristics of an annular tropical cyclone, though a strong convective band remained present along the western side of the system. Satellite estimates at the time, using the Dvorak technique, reached the maximum level on the scale: T#8.0. The storm's structure exceeded the maximum intensity on the scale as, the "Dvorak technique makes no allowance for an eye embedded so deeply in cloud tops as cold as ," as noted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) satellite analysis branch. Some automated models initialized its intensity at T#8.1, exceeding the scale's upper bounds. Through satellite estimates, NOAA also estimated that Haiyan achieved a minimum pressure between 858 mbar (hPa; 25.34 inHg) and 884 mbar (hPa; 26.11 inHg).

Preparations

Micronesia and Palau

Upon JTWC’s declaration of Tropical Depression 31W on November 3, a tropical storm warning was issued for Chuuk Lagoon, Losap, and Poluwat in the Federated States of Micronesia. Further west, Faraulep, Satawal, and Woleai, were placed under a typhoon watch while Fananu and Ulul were placed under a tropical storm watch. The following day, the tropical storm warning expanded to include Satawal while a typhoon warning was issued for Woleai. Much of Yap State while the islands of Koror and Kayangel in Palau were placed under a typhoon watch later on November 4. The government issued a mandatory evacuation for Kayangel, and although most residents ignored the warning, they all survived the storm. As Haiyan progressed westward, the easternmost advisories were gradually discontinued. As Haiyan intensified into a typhoon on November 5, warnings were raised across Palau and Yap State. Government offices in Melekeok were used an evacuation building for Palau. Despite mandatory evacuation orders, most residents on Kayangel remained on the island and rode out the typhoon.

Philippines

Officials placed police officers in the Bicol region ahead of the storm. In the provinces of Samar and Leyte, classes were canceled, and residents in flood and landslide-prone areas were forced to evacuate. Some of the storm-threatened areas were affected by an earlier earthquake in Bohol. The Philippine President requested the military to deploy planes and helicopters to the region expected to be affected. As Haiyan is moving very fast, PAGASA raised signal warnings to different places on the country. About 60 provinces including its capital Metro Manila hoisted the said warnings.

Impact

Palau and Micronesia

On Kayangel in Palau, a high storm surge damaged several houses, while strong winds downed trees. Despite residents' refusal to evacuate, no fatalities or major injuries took place on the island. Helicopters were flown to the island to survey damage and provide relief supplies. The government planned to evacuate those who were left homeless from the island. Koror, Babeldaob and Kayangel each lost access to water and power. Damage in Koror was minor due to the center of the typhoon passing to the north, although there was flooding that covered a causeway. On the northern end of Babeldaob, Haiyan damaged schools and buildings.

Philippines

Haiyan made its initial landfall at the island of Guiuan, Eastern Samar at 4:45 am (local time) 2045 (UTC) packing wind speed of 196 mph (315 km/h), making the super typhoon the strongest storm ever to make landfall in the world. PAGASA also recorded that Haiyan made landfall on the Visayas region five times. About three deaths were already confirmed by the National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council (NDRRMC) and seven others were hurt. Storm surge were also recorded in many places. In the island of Leyte and Samar, PAGASA measured 5-6 meter (15-19 ft) waves.

Records

The JMA analyzed that the ten-minute maximum sustained winds of Typhoon Haiyan at 235 km/h (145 mph), making it the second most intense tropical cyclone in the Northwest Pacific Ocean on record along with Bess in 1982 and Megi in 2010, only after Tip in 1979. The JTWC analyzed that Haiyan was the most intense tropical cyclone worldwide since reliable records began, with one-minute maximum sustained winds estimated at 315 km/h (195 mph). Haiyan also made landfall at peak strength making it possibly the strongest tropical cyclone to ever make landfall worldwide. Haiyan’s atmospheric pressure estimated by the JMA was 895 hPa (26.43 inHg), the lowest since Megi in 2010.

See also

• Typhoon Bopha (Pablo, 2012)
• Tropical Storm Washi (Sendong, 2011)
• Typhoon Ketsana (Ondoy, 2009)
• Typhoon Durian (Reming, 2006)
• Tropical Depression Winnie, 2003
• Typhoon Angela (Rosing, 1995)
• Tropical Storm Thelma (Uring, 1991), deadliest tropical cyclone to strike the Philippines in recent recorded history
• Typhoon Mike (Ruping, 1990)
• Typhoon Tip

Notes

1. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the western Pacific Ocean and other regions.
2. The Japan Meteorological Agency is the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific Ocean.
3. A super typhoon is defined as a tropical cyclone with one-minute sustained winds of at least 240 km/h (150 mph).
4. Cold dark gray refers to the temperature of cloud tops seen on enhanced infrared satellite imagery and indicates values below −80 °C (−112 °F).
5. Total damages figure includes agriculture, infrastructure, casualties, etc. damages.

References

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2. ^ Williams, Rob (8 November 2013). "Typhoon Haiyan: Most powerful storm to ever hit land batters Philippines with 200mph winds". The Independent. Retrieved 8 November 2013.
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4. "Joint Typhoon Warning Center Mission Statement". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. 2011. Archived from the original on July 26, 2007. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
5. "WWJP25 RJTD 030000". Japan Meteorological Agency. November 3, 2013. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
6. "Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo – Typhoon Center 2000" (PDF). Japan Meteorological Agency. February 2001. p. 3. Retrieved November 8, 2013. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
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18. "Tropical Cyclone Warning: Typhoon "Yolanda" (Haiyan) Severe Weather Bulletin Number One". Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. November 6, 2013. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
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22. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Super Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Nr 19". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. November 7, 2013. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
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28. Michael P. Ziobro (November 4, 2013). "Tropical Storm Haiyan (31W) Advisory Number 4". National Weather Service Office in Tiyan, Guam. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
29. Patrick K. Chan (November 4, 2013). "Tropical Storm Haiyan (31W) Advisory Number 5". National Weather Service Office in Tiyan, Guam. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
30. Carl Alan Mcelroy (November 5, 2013). "Tropical Storm Haiyan (31W) Advisory Number 6". National Weather Service Office in Tiyan, Guam. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
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33. ^ Palau: Typhoon Haiyan - initial damage reports as at 7 November 2013 (PDF) (Report). ReliefWeb. November 7, 2013. Retrieved November 7, 2013. {{cite report}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)
34. ^ "Palau assesses damage after Super Typhoon Haiyan". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. November 7, 2013. Retrieved November 7, 2013.
35. Ellalyn B. De Vera and Aaron B. Recuenco (November 6, 2013). "Super Typhoon 'Yolanda' may hit Visayas Friday". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved November 7, 2013.
36. FR Jimenez (November 7, 2013). "PNoy, nagbabala sa seryosong peligrong dala ng 'super typhoon' na si 'Yolanda'". GMA News. Retrieved November 7, 2013.
37. Joey Gabieta, Jani Arnaiz, Nestor Burgos, Doris Bongcac, Carla Gomez, Carmel Loise Matus and Jhunnex Napallacan (November 7, 2013). "Evacuation centers, rescue plans set in Visayas for supertyphoon Yolanda". Inquirer. Retrieved November 7, 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
38. Kristine Angeli Sabillo (November 7, 2013). "Aquino: PH ready to face supertyphoon 'Yolanda'". Inquirer. Retrieved November 7, 2013.
39. ANC (November 7, 2013). "'Yolanda' accelerates, signal number 4 up over parts of E. Visayas". ANC and Yahoo. Retrieved November 7, 2013.
40. ^ "SitRep No. 08 Effects of Typhoon "Yolanda" (Haiyan)" (PDF). National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. November 9, 2013. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
41. Brian K. Sullivan, Cecilia Yap & Joel Guinto (November 8, 2013). "Super Typhoon Haiyan Slams Philippines With Category-5 Power". Bloomberg. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
42. Our Foreign Staff (November 8, 2013). "Super Typhoon Haiyan smashes in to Philippines". Telegraph. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
43. "Typhoon List: Number, Name, Basin, Min Pressure (hPa), Max Wind (kt), Storm Wind Max Radius (nm), Storm Wind Max Diameter (nm), Gale Wind Max Radius (nm), & Gale Wind Max Diameter (nm)". Digital Typhoon. Retrieved 8 November 2013.
44. "Philippines hit by 'worst typhoon on record'". The Guardian. London, UK: Guardian News and Media. Retrieved 2013-11-07. {{cite news}}: External link in |website= (help)
45. "'Most powerful storm ever to make landfall' batters Philippines; 4 deaths confirmed - World News". Worldnews.nbcnews.com. Retrieved 2013-11-08.
46. "Typhoon List: Number, Name, Basin, Birth (UTC), Death (UTC), Duration, & Min Pressure (hPa)". Digital Typhoon. Retrieved 8 November 2013.

External links

• Tropical Cyclone Information of TY 1330 (Haiyan) from the Japan Meteorological Agency
• Tropical Cyclone Information from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center
• General information of Typhoon 201330 (Haiyan) from Digital Typhoon
• Super Typhoon Haiyan from the CIMSS Satellite Blog
• Animated sequence from the Hong Kong Observatory

v t e Tropical cyclones of the 2013 Pacific typhoon season
Timeline
	STSSonamu TDBising TSShanshan TDTD TSYagi TDTD TSLeepi TSBebinca STSRumbia VSTYSoulik TSCimaron TDTD STSJebi TSMangkhut VITYUtor TDTD TD13W STSTrami STSPewa TSUnala TD03C STSKong-rey TDTD TDTD TSYutu STSToraji TYMan-yi TD18W VITYUsagi STSPabuk TDTD TDTD TYWutip TSSepat TYFitow VSTYDanas TDTD TDPhailin TYNari VSTYWipha VITYFrancisco TD27W VITYLekima TYKrosa TDWilma VITYHaiyan (history) TSPodul TDTD TDLehar TD33W
Category

• Current events from November 2013
• 2013 Pacific typhoon season
• Typhoons in Palau
• Typhoons in the Philippines (2013)