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Day of the yearApril 28 is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years ) in the Gregorian calendar ; 247 days remain until the end of the year.
Events
357 – Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victory over Magnus Magnentius .
1192 – Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I), King of Jerusalem , in Tyre , two days after his title to the throne is confirmed by election. The killing is carried out by Hashshashin .
1253 – Nichiren , a Japanese Buddhist monk, propounds Nam Myoho Renge Kyo for the very first time and declares it to be the essence of Buddhism, in effect founding Nichiren Buddhism .
1503 – The Battle of Cerignola is fought. It is noted as the first battle in history won by small arms fire using gunpowder .
1611 – Establishment of the Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas , The Catholic University of the Philippines, the largest Catholic university in the world.
1788 – Maryland becomes the seventh state to ratify the Constitution of the United States .
1789 – Mutiny on the Bounty : Lieutenant William Bligh and 18 sailors are set adrift and the rebel crew returns to Tahiti briefly and then sets sail for Pitcairn Island .
1792 – France invades the Austrian Netherlands (present day Belgium ), beginning the French Revolutionary War .
1796 – The Armistice of Cherasco is signed by Napoleon Bonaparte and Vittorio Amedeo III , the King of Sardinia , expanding French territory along the Mediterranean coast.
1869 – Chinese and Irish laborers for the Central Pacific Railroad working on the First Transcontinental Railroad lay 10 miles of track in one day, a feat which has never been matched.
1887 – A week after being arrested by the Prussian Secret Police , Alsatian police inspector Guillaume Schnaebelé is released on order of German Emperor William I , defusing a possible war.
1910 – Frenchman Louis Paulhan wins the 1910 London to Manchester air race , the first long-distance aeroplane race in England.
1920 – Azerbaijan is added to the Soviet Union .
1930 – The first night game in organized baseball history takes place in Independence, Kansas .
1932 – A vaccine for yellow fever is announced for use on humans .
1944 – World War II : Nine German E-boats attacked US and UK units during Exercise Tiger , the rehearsal for the Normandy landings , killing 946.
1945 – Benito Mussolini and his mistress Clara Petacci are executed by a firing squad consisting of members of the Italian resistance movement .
1947 – Thor Heyerdahl and five crew mates set out from Peru on the Kon-Tiki to prove that Peruvian natives could have settled Polynesia .
1948 – Igor Stravinsky conducted the premier of his American ballet, Orpheus , in New York City at New York City Center.
1949 – Former First Lady of the Philippines Aurora Quezon , 61, is assassinated while en route to dedicate a hospital in memory of her late husband ; her daughter and 10 others are also killed.
1950 – Bhumibol Adulyadej marries Queen Sirikit after their quiet engagement in Lausanne , Switzerland on July 19, 1949.
1952 – Dwight D. Eisenhower resigns as Supreme Allied Commander of NATO .
1952 – Occupied Japan : The United States occupation of Japan ends as the Treaty of San Francisco , ratified September 8, 1951, comes into force.
1952 – The Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty (Treaty of Taipei) is signed in Taipei , Taiwan between Japan and the Republic of China to officially end the Second Sino-Japanese War .
1965 – United States occupation of the Dominican Republic : American troops land in the Dominican Republic to "forestall establishment of a Communist dictatorship" and to evacuate U.S. Army troops.
1969 – Charles de Gaulle resigns as President of France .
1970 – Vietnam War : U.S. President Richard M. Nixon formally authorizes American combat troops to fight communist sanctuaries in Cambodia .
1975 – General Cao Van Vien , chief of the South Vietnamese military , departs for the US as the North Vietnamese Army closed in on victory .
1977 – The Red Army Faction trial ends, with Andreas Baader , Gudrun Ensslin and Jan-Carl Raspe found guilty of four counts of murder and more than 30 counts of attempted murder .
1977 – The Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure is signed.
1978 – President of Afghanistan , Mohammed Daoud Khan , is overthrown and assassinated in a coup led by pro-communist rebels.
1986 – The United States Navy aircraft carrier USS Enterprise becomes the first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier to transit the Suez Canal , navigating from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea to relieve the USS Coral Sea .
1986 – The Chernobyl Disaster : High Levels of Radiation as a result of the Chernobyl Nuclear Accident is detected at a nuclear power plant in Sweden .
1987 – American engineer Ben Linder is killed in an ambush by U.S.-funded Contras in northern Nicaragua .
1988 – Near Maui, Hawaii , flight attendant Clarabelle "C.B." Lansing is blown out of Aloha Airlines Flight 243 , a Boeing 737 , and falls to her death when part of the plane's fuselage rips open in mid-flight.
1994 – Former Central Intelligence Agency counter-intelligence officer and analyst Aldrich Ames pleads guilty to giving U.S. secrets to the Soviet Union and later Russia .
1996 – Whitewater controversy : President Bill Clinton gives a 4½ hour videotaped testimony for the defense.
1996 – In Tasmania , Australia , Martin Bryant goes on a shooting spree , killing 35 people and seriously injuring 21 more.
1999 – In Alberta , Canada , 14-year-old Todd Cameron Smith fires upon three students, killing one and wounding another in the W. R. Myers High School shooting .
2001 – Millionaire Dennis Tito becomes the world's first space tourist .
2008 – A train collision in Shandong , China , kills 72 people and injures 416 more.
Births
32 – Otho , Roman emperor (d. 69 AD)
1442 – Edward IV of England (d. 1483)
1545 – Yi Sun-sin , Korean commander (d. 1598)
1630 – Charles Cotton , English poet (d. 1687)
1652 – Magdalena Sibylla of Hesse-Darmstadt (d. 1712)
1686 – Michael Brokoff , Czech sculptor (d. 1721)
1715 – Franz Sparry , Austrian composer (d. 1767)
1758 – James Monroe , American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 5th President of the United States (d. 1831)
1765 – Sylvestre François Lacroix , French mathematician (d. 1834)
1819 – Ezra Abbot , American scholar (d. 1884)
1827 – William Hall , Canadian soldier (d. 1904)
1838 – Tobias Asser , Dutch lawyer and scholar, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1913)
1848 – Ludvig Schytte , Danish composer, pianist, and teacher (d. 1909)
1855 – José Malhoa , Portuguese painter (d. 1933)
1863 – Josiah Thomas , English-Australian miner and politician (d. 1933)
1865 – Charles W. Woodworth , American entomologist (d. 1940)
1868 – Lucy Booth , English songwriter and commander (d. 1953)
1868 – Hélène de Pourtalès , Swiss sailor (d. 1945)
1868 – Georgy Voronoy , Ukrainian-Russian mathematician (d. 1908)
1870 – August Schmierer , German rugby player
1874 – Karl Kraus , Austrian journalist and author (d. 1936)
1876 – Nicola Romeo , Italian engineer and businessman (d. 1938)
1878 – Lionel Barrymore , American actor and director (d. 1954)
1888 – Walter Tull , English footballer (d. 1918)
1889 – António de Oliveira Salazar , Portuguese politician, 100th Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1970)
1897 – Ye Jianying , Chinese general and politician (d. 1986)
1900 – Heinrich Müller , German SS officer (d. 1945)
1900 – Jan Oort , Dutch astronomer (d. 1992)
1902 – Johan Borgen , Norwegian author and critic (d. 1979)
1906 – Pierre Boileau , French author (d. 1989)
1906 – Kurt Gödel , Czech-American mathematician (d. 1978)
1906 – Paul Sacher , Swiss conductor (d. 1999)
1908 – Oskar Schindler , Czech-German businessman (d. 1974)
1909 – Arthur Võõbus , Estonian -American theologist and orientalist (d. 1988)
1910 – Sam Merwin, Jr. , American author (d. 1996)
1911 – Lee Falk , American playwright, director, and producer (d. 1999)
1912 – Odette Hallowes , French soldier (d. 1995)
1912 – Kaneto Shindō , Japanese director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2012)
1914 – Philip E. High , English author (d. 2006)
1916 – Ferruccio Lamborghini , Italian businessman, created Lamborghini (d. 1993)
1921 – Rowland Evans , American journalist (d. 2001)
1921 – Simin Daneshvar , Iranian author and academic (d. 2012)
1923 – Carolyn Cassady , American author (d. 2013)
1923 – William Guarnere , American sergeant
1924 – Dick Ayers , American illustrator
1924 – Donatas Banionis , Lithuanian actor
1924 – Blossom Dearie , American singer and pianist, (d. 2009)
1924 – Kenneth Kaunda , Zambian educator and politician, 1st President of Zambia
1925 – T. John Lesinski , American judge and politician, 51st Lieutenant Governor of Michigan (d. 1996)
1926 – Bill Blackbeard , American author (d. 2011)
1926 – Harper Lee , American author
1928 – Yves Klein , French painter (d. 1962)
1928 – Eugene Merle Shoemaker , American geologist (d. 1997)
1930 – James Baker , American lawyer and politician, 10th White House Chief of Staff
1930 – Carolyn Jones , American actress (d. 1983)
1930 – Richard C. Sarafian , American actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2013)
1932 – Brownie Ledbetter , American activist (d. 2010)
1934 – Lois Duncan , American author
1934 – Diane Johnson , American-French author
1935 – Jimmy Wray , Scottish politician (d. 2013)
1937 – Saddam Hussein , Iraqi politician, 5th President of Iraq (d. 2006)
1937 – John White , Scottish footballer (d. 1964)
1937 – Jean Redpath , Scottish singer
1938 – Madge Sinclair , Jamaican-American actress (d. 1995)
1941 – Lucien Aimar , French cyclist
1941 – Ann-Margret , Swedish-American actress, singer, and dancer
1941 – Nico Mastorakis , Greek director and producer
1941 – Flynn Robinson , American basketball player (d. 2013)
1941 – Karl Barry Sharpless , American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
1941 – Iryna Zhylenko , Ukrainian poet
1942 – Mike Brearley , English cricketer
1943 – Jacques Dutronc , French singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer, and actor
1943 – Yoav Talmi , Israeli conductor and composer
1944 – Elizabeth LeCompte , American director
1944 – Jean-Claude Van Cauwenberghe , Belgian politician, 10th Minister-President of the Walloon Region
1944 – Alice Waters , American chef and author
1946 – Ginette Reno , Canadian singer-songwriter and actress
1946 – Larissa Grunig , American theorist and activist
1947 – Christian Jacq , French historian and author
1948 – Dorothée Berryman , Canadian actress and singer
1948 – Terry Pratchett , English author
1948 – Marcia Strassman , American actress
1949 – Paul Guilfoyle , American actor
1949 – Bruno Kirby , American actor (d. 2006)
1949 – Indian Larry , American motorcycle rider and builder (d. 2004)
1950 – Willie Colón , Puerto Rican trombonist and producer
1950 – Jay Leno , American comedian, talk show host, and producer
1951 – Larry Smith , Canadian football player and politician
1951 – Silvi Vrait , Estonian singer (d. 2013)
1952 – Chuck Leavell , American singer-songwriter and keyboard player (The Allman Brothers Band and Sea Level )
1952 – Mary McDonnell , American actress
1953 – Roberto Bolaño , Chilean author and poet (d. 2003)
1953 – Kim Gordon , American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (Sonic Youth , Ciccone Youth , and Free Kitten )
1953 – Brian Greenhoff , English footballer (d. 2013)
1954 – Timothy Curley , American educator
1954 – Vic Sotto , Filipino actor and producer
1954 – Ron Zook , American football player and coach
1955 – Nicky Gumbel , English priest and author
1956 – Jimmy Barnes , Scottish-Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist Cold Chisel , Fraternity , and Living Loud )
1957 – Wilma Landkroon , Dutch singer
1958 – Nancy Lee Grahn , American actress
1958 – Hal Sutton , American golfer
1959 – Erhard Loretan , Swiss mountaineer (d. 2011)
1960 – John Cerutti , American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 2004)
1960 – Elena Kagan , American lawyer, jurist, and academic
1960 – Phil King , English bass player (Lush and The Jesus and Mary Chain )
1960 – Ian Rankin , Scottish author
1960 – Jón Páll Sigmarsson , Icelandic strongman and weightlifter (d. 1993)
1960 – Walter Zenga , Italian footballer and manager
1961 – Futoshi Matsunaga , Japanese serial killer
1961 – Anna Oxa , Italian singer
1963 – Sandrine Dumas , French actress
1963 – Lloyd Eisler , Canadian figure skater
1963 – Marc Lacroix , Belgian biochemist
1964 – Noriyuki Iwadare , Japanese composer
1964 – Barry Larkin , American baseball player
1965 – Steven Blum , American voice actor
1965 – Jennifer Rardin , American author (d. 2010)
1966 – John Daly , American golfer
1966 – Too Short , American rapper, producer, and actor
1967 – Kari Wührer , American actress and singer
1968 – Howard Donald , English singer-songwriter and producer (Take That )
1968 – Andy Flower , South African-English cricketer and coach
1968 – Scott Putesky , American guitarist (Marilyn Manson and Jack Off Jill )
1970 – Nicklas Lidström , Swedish ice hockey player
1970 – Diego Simeone , Argentinian footballer and manager
1971 – Brad McEwan , Australian journalist
1971 – Bridget Moynahan , American model and actress
1972 – Joseph Bruce , American rapper, producer, wrestler, and actor (Insane Clown Posse , Dark Lotus , and Psychopathic Rydas )
1972 – Helena Tulve , Estonian composer
1973 – Jorge Garcia , American actor
1973 – Earl Holmes , American football player and coach
1973 – Francisco Palencia , Mexican footballer
1973 – Elisabeth Röhm , German-American actress
1973 – Serge Zwikker , Dutch-American basketball player
1974 – Penélope Cruz , Spanish-American actress
1974 – Margo Dydek , Polish basketball player (d. 2011)
1974 – Richel Hersisia , Dutch boxer
1974 – Vernon Kay , English radio and television host
1974 – Dominic Matteo , Scottish footballer
1977 – Derrick Wayne Frazier , American murderer (d. 2006)
1978 – Lauren Laverne , English radio and television host
1979 – Scott Fujita , American football player
1979 – Bahram Radan , Iranian actor
1980 – Karolina Gočeva , Macedonian singer
1980 – Josh Howard , American basketball player
1980 – Bradley Wiggins , Belgian-English cyclist
1981 – Jessica Alba , American model and actress
1981 – Pietro Travagli , Italian rugby player
1981 – Alex Riley , American wrestler
1982 – Nikki Grahame , English model and journalist
1982 – Chris Kaman , American basketball player
1982 – Harry Shum, Jr. , Costa Rican-American actor and dancer
1983 – Roger Johnson , English footballer
1983 – Thomas Waldrom , New-Zealand born English rugby union player
1983 – Josh Brookes , Australian motorcycle racer
1984 – Dmitri Torbinski , Russian footballer
1985 – Lucas Jakubczyk , German sprinter and long jumper
1985 – Leon Legge , English footballer
1986 – Abdullah Al-Qasabi , Omani footballer
1986 – David Krejci , Czech ice hockey player
1986 – Jennifer Palm Lundberg , Swedish model, Miss World Sweden 2008
1986 – Roman Polák , Czech ice hockey player
1986 – Jenna Ushkowitz , South Korean-American actress, singer, and dancer
1987 – Ryan Conroy , Scottish footballer
1987 – Bradley Johnson , English footballer
1987 – Zoran Tošić , Serbian footballer
1987 – Samantha Ruth Prabhu , Indian actress
1988 – Jonathan Biabiany , French footballer
1988 – Juan Manuel Mata , Spanish footballer
1988 – Katariina Tuohimaa , Finnish tennis player
1989 – Emil Salomonsson , Swedish footballer
1989 – Kim Sung-kyu , South Korean singer-songwriter and dancer (Infinite
1990 – Mario Meraz , Mexican boxer
1990 – Niels-Peter Mørck , Danish footballer
1991 – Jordan Robinson , English footballer
Deaths
1192 – Conrad of Montferrat (b. 1140)
1489 – Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland , English politician (b. 1449)
1533 – Nicholas West , English bishop and diplomat (b. 1461)
1643 – Francisco de Lucena , Portuguese politician (b. 1578?)
1695 – Henry Vaughan , Welsh poet and author (b. 1621)
1710 – Thomas Betterton , English actor (b. 1630s)
1716 – Louis de Montfort , French priest and saint (b. 1673)
1726 – Thomas Pitt , English merchant (b. 1653)
1741 – Magnus Julius De la Gardie , Swedish general and politician (b. 1668)
1772 – Johann Friedrich Struensee , German physician (b. 1737)
1781 – Cornelius Harnett , American merchant, farmer, and politician (b. 1723)
1813 – Mikhail Kutuzov , Russian field marshal (b. 1745)
1816 – Johann Heinrich Abicht , German philosopher (b. 1762)
1841 – Peter Chanel , French priest, missionary, and martyr (b. 1803)
1853 – Ludwig Tieck , German author and poet (b. 1773)
1858 – Johannes Peter Müller , German physiologist and anatomist (b. 1801)
1865 – Samuel Cunard , Canadian-English businessman (b. 1787)
1881 – Antoine Samuel Adam-Salomon , French sculptor and photographer (b. 1818)
1883 – John Russell , English hunter and dog breeder (b. 1795)
1902 – Cyprien Tanguay , Canadian priest and historian (b. 1819)
1905 – Fitzhugh Lee , American general and politician, 40th Governor of Virginia (b. 1835)
1929 – Hendrik van Heuckelum , Dutch footballer (b. 1879)
1934 – Charley Patton , American guitarist (b. 1887)
1936 – Fuad I of Egypt (b. 1868)
1944 – Mohammed Alim Khan , Emirate of Bukhara (b. 1880)
1944 – Frank Knox , American journalist and politician, 46th United States Secretary of the Navy (b. 1874)
1945 – Roberto Farinacci , Italian politician (b. 1892)
1945 – Hermann Fegelein , German general (b. 1906)
1945 – Benito Mussolini , Italian journalist and politician, 27th Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1883)
1945 – Clara Petacci , Italian mistress of Benito Mussolini (b. 1912)
1946 – Louis Bachelier , French mathematician (b. 1870)
1949 – Aurora Quezon , Filipino wife of Manuel Quezon , 2nd First Lady of the Philippines (b. 1888)
1954 – Léon Jouhaux , French union leader, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1879)
1957 – Heinrich Bär , German pilot (b. 1913)
1963 – Wilhelm Weber , German gymnast (b. 1880)
1964 – Rolf de Maré , Swedish art collector (b. 1888)
1970 – Ed Begley , American actor (b. 1901)
1973 – Clas Thunberg , Finnish speed skater (b. 1893)
1975 – Tom Donahue , American radio host and producer (b. 1928)
1976 – Richard Hughes , American author and poet (b. 1900)
1977 – Sepp Herberger , German footballer and coach (b. 1897)
1978 – Mohammed Daoud Khan , Afghan politician, 1st President of Afghanistan (b. 1909)
1980 – Tommy Caldwell , American bass player (The Marshall Tucker Band ) (b. 1949)
1981 – Steve Currie , English bass player (T. Rex ) (b. 1947)
1987 – Ben Linder , American engineer (b. 1959)
1988 – B. W. Stevenson , American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1949)
1991 – Steve Broidy , American film producer (b. 1905)
1991 – Ken Curtis , American actor and singer (Sons of the Pioneers ) (b. 1916)
1992 – Francis Bacon , Irish painter (b. 1909)
1992 – Iceberg Slim , American author (b. 1918)
1993 – Jim Valvano , American basketball player, coach, and sportscaster (b. 1946)
1994 – Berton Roueché , American journalist and author (b. 1910)
1996 – Lester Sumrall , American minister, founded LeSEA (b. 1913)
1997 – Ann Petry , American author (b. 1908)
1998 – Jerome Bixby , American author and screenwriter (b. 1923)
1998 – Ramakant Desai , Indian cricketer (b. 1939)
1999 – Rory Calhoun , American actor, screenwriter, and producer (b. 1922)
1999 – Rolf Landauer , German-American physicist and engineer (b. 1927)
1999 – Alf Ramsey , English footballer and manager (b. 1920)
1999 – Arthur Leonard Schawlow , American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1921)
2000 – Jerzy Einhorn , Polish-Swedish doctor and politician (b. 1925)
2000 – Penelope Fitzgerald , English author and poet (b. 1916)
2002 – Alexander Lebed , Russian general and politician (b. 1950)
2002 – Lou Thesz , American wrestler (b. 1916)
2005 – Chris Candido , American wrestler (b. 1972)
2005 – Percy Heath , American bassist (Modern Jazz Quartet ) (b. 1923)
2005 – Taraki Sivaram , Sri Lankan journalist (b. 1959)
2007 – Dabbs Greer , American actor (b. 1917)
2007 – René Mailhot , Canadian journalist (b. 1942)
2007 – Tommy Newsom , American saxophonist and bandleader (b. 1929)
2007 – Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker , German physicist and philosopher (b. 1912)
2007 – Bertha Wilson , Canadian jurist (b. 1923)
2009 – Ekaterina Maximova , Russian ballerina (b. 1939)
2009 – Richard Pratt , Australian businessman (b. 1934)
2009 – Valeria Peter Predescu , Romanian singer (b. 1947)
2011 – Erhard Loretan , Swiss mountaineer (b. 1959)
2012 – Fred Allen , New Zealand rugby player and coach (b. 1920)
2012 – Matilde Camus , Spanish poet (b. 1919)
2012 – Al Ecuyer , American football player (b. 1937)
2012 – Walter Matthews , American actor (b. 1926)
2012 – Patricia Medina , English actress (b. 1919)
2012 – Milan N. Popović , Serbian psychiatrist and author (b. 1924)
2012 – Aberdeen Shikoyi , Kenyan rugby player (b. 1985)
2012 – Ervin Zádor , Hungarian water polo player (b. 1935)
2013 – Richard Barry , Irish politician (b. 1919)
2013 – Fredrick McKissack , American author (b. 1939)
2013 – Julio Ojeda Pascual , Spanish-Peruvian bishop (b. 1932)
2013 – John C. Reynolds , American computer scientist (b. 1935)
2013 – Carl M. Rynning-Tønnesen , Norwegian police officer (b. 1924)
2013 – Jack Shea , American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1928)
2013 – János Starker , Hungarian-American cellist (b. 1924)
2013 – Paulo Vanzolini , Brazilian singer-songwriter and zoologist (b. 1924)
2013 – Bernie Wood , New Zealand journalist and author (b. 1939)
Holidays and observances
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