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The 2011 Turkish Sports corruption scandal is an ongoing investigation about match fixing, incentive premium, bribery, establishing a criminal organization, organized crime, extortion, threat, and intimidation in Turkey's top two association football divisions, the Süper Lig and First League, and the Turkish Basketball League. On July 2, 2012, a Turkish state court sentenced the chairman of the Turkish club Fenerbahçe S.K., Aziz Yıldırım, to six years and three months for match-fixing and forming an illegal organisation, but released him on bail pending an appeal. On january 17 2014 his sentence was affirmed by the court of appeals .
Football investigation
| This section is in list format but may read better as prose. You can help by converting this section, if appropriate. Editing help is available. (July 2012) |
In the summer of 2011, Turkish police began an investigation into 19 football matches suspected of being fixed, and by 10 July 61 individuals had been arrested, including club managers and Turkish national players. 26 of these would later have requests for release refused by the court. By 12 July UEFA had confirmed they were monitoring the situation.
Around the same time, Istanbul BB player İbrahim Akın admitted to participating in match fixing, specifically relating to two matches: Istanbul’s match against Fenerbahçe, and the Turkish Cup final against Beşiktaş JK. Beşiktaş president Yıldırım Demirören later returned the Turkish Cup following match-fixing allegations levelled at his own club. Following his arrest Akın withdrew his confession, claiming he had been tricked and his confession given under duress, and denied any involvement in the alleged corruption. Other players caught up in the scandal included Fenerbahçe’s Emmanuel Emenike, who was transfer listed and eventually sold to FC Spartak Moscow following his implication in the corruption, and Ankaragücü player Uğur Uçar, who claimed to have been approached with a proposal to engage in the match fixing but never engaged in any illegal activity
Much of the controversy revolved around Fenerbahçe, one of Turkey's biggest football clubs; the subject being particularly topical as Juventus (one of the most successful football clubs in Italy) had been relegated to the Italian second division five years earlier in similar circumstances, following the 2006 Italian football scandal. The club's supporters were concerned that a similar fate might befall Fenerbahçe, should the club be indicted. The president of the Turkish Football Federation Mehmet Ali Aydınlar (notably also an ex-Fenerbahçe vice-president, and the main sponsor of Fenerbahçe Acıbadem volleyball team) was quoted as saying that he was “against the relegation of Fenerbahçe even though they were proven guilty according to the new TFF disciplinary code, UEFA regulations and FIFA rules”, and that he did not accept the example of the relegation of Juventus resulting from the 2006 Italian football scandal. However, just days later UEFA released a statement saying that "Both UEFA and the TFF confirm that they will adhere to a policy of zero tolerance when it comes to any question of match-fixing". A week after Aydınlar’s statement, the TFF confirmed that the TFF Super Cup game between Süper Lig champions Fenerbahçe and Turkish Cup winners Beşiktaş would be postponed indefinitely due to the ongoing investigation. The opening game of the Süper Lig would also eventually be delayed until 9 September, and that of the Bank Asya 1. Lig until 10 September due to the investigation.
Fenerbahçe fans reacted to the scandal at a friendly match between Fenerbahçe and Shaktar Donetsk in Istanbul, ripping out seats and throwing them at members of the press. The unrest continued for about 45 minutes with the police struggling to regain control, and with some security staff and members of the press sustaining serious injuries. The fans eventually invaded the pitch, throwing flares at security staff and protesting that Fenerbahçe should not be relegated, regardless of whether or not the club was found to be involved. The match was abandoned by the referee. Fenerbahçe were ordered to play two matches behind closed doors following the violence and several of the perpetrators were arrested.
On 20 July the prosecutor submitted all the documents and video evidence regarding the investigation to TFF Ethics Committee, consisting of some 12,000 pages of documenation. The scandal took an even more sinister turn when Chris Eaton, Chairman of the FIFA Security Committee, claimed that links to organised crime networks had surfaced during collaborations with the Turkish police on the investigation.
The investigation continued with the questioning of Fenerbahçe Official Murat Özaydınlı, Fenerbahçe Administrative Manager Hasan Çetinkaya, İBB Spor and former Fenerbahçe player Can Arat and former referee and ex-Gençlerbirliği official Zafer Önder İpek. Another round of questioning followed, with Fenerbahçe player Emre Belözoğlu, former Beşiktaş lawyer and journalist Sinan Engin, Ankaragücü player Kaan Söylemezgiller, manager Ekrem Okumuş and journalist Tahir Kum all interviewed. Dozens more would ultimately be questioned in the course of the investigation.
On 15 August, The Report of the TFF's Ethics Committee, presented to the general assembly of the TFF, before the intervention of political power. The First Report of the TFF's Ethics Committee (340 pages) completely hidden from public scrutiny and FIFA and UEFA. But, summary section of the report (38 pages) leaked to the press. Prof.Dr.Oguz Atalay, chairman of the committee, confirmed that document published in the press is the actual document.
With the TFF hesitating to impose any sanctions on its members until the legal investigation was concluded, UEFA Board of Arbitration member Levent Bıçakçı suggested that UEFA could take matters into its own hands and deal with the offending clubs and individuals directly. After a statement released by the TFF on 15 August regarding delaying any sanctions against Turkish clubs, the share price of Fenerbahçe SK climbed by more than 49%, leading to yet more investigations into insider trading. The TFF, under pressure from UEFA (who had sent the Chief Inspector of the Disciplinary Committee Pierre Cornu to oversee the investigation), eventually banned Fenerbahçe from participating in the 2011-12 Champions League, with UEFA announcing that Trabzonspor would replace them. Aziz Yıldırım and Nihat Özdemir, Fenerbahçe’s president and deputy-president respectively, later resigned as a result. In further developments the TFF dismissed two officials, Professional Football Players Registration Director Haldun Şenman and Director of Football Development Communication Specialist Ali Kalender due to theft and misconduct in office.
In September, former Karabükspor president Feridun Tankut and former Rizespor player Koray Avcı were both questioned, either as suspects or witnesses, as part of the investigation. The TFF also reversed a previous decision not to act until the investigation was concluded, deciding that they would rule on the recipient of the 2010-2011 title as soon as possible.
Many members of the European football community voiced their concerns about the situation, with UEFA president Michel Platini saying how the match-fixing scandals had “badly tarnished the game” and that the developments were “not good for Turkish football”. FIFA president Sepp Blatter also had his say, stating "We cannot intervene at the first stage; we must let the jurisdictional organization of the different states , and when these people are condemned and found guilty, then we will suspend them for life. … Then they will never come back to football –- being officials or being players, they will be banned for life". UEFA Chief Executive Gianni Infantino stated "In these uncertain times we must take care to protect our game. Threats from outside the game, including illegal betting and match-fixing, are a cause for real concern. We have seen major incidents in domestic leagues in Turkey, Greece and Italy, where matches remain under investigation. And UEFA is working hard behind the scenes to help rid the game of these threats. We are constantly monitoring all European domestic top league matches, as well as all UEFA matches, for any signs of unusual betting patterns, and to reiterate the warnings made earlier this season, I would like to remind you all that UEFA has a zero tolerance policy towards any involvement in illegal betting or irregular activities connected to our matches. Armed with new, tougher disciplinary regulations, we will not hesitate to investigate and prosecute any individual or any club that is caught. It is important that we face this threat to our game together and act quickly and decisively in order to deal with the issue."
On 9 December 2011 match-fixing indictment was accepted by the Turkish court. On 10 December 2011, Turkey’s Parliament approved a reduction in prison terms for match-fixing and hooliganism despite a veto by the president earlier. On 28 December 2011, The Turkish Football Federation scheduled a date for discussing an article in the disciplinary code and the relegation ban will be removed by the General Convention. In addition, there will be point deductions and monetary penalties for match-fixing instead of relegation. However, Galatasaray SK, Trabzonspor, Bursaspor, Orduspor reacted the TFF' s declaration, announced that they do not support TFF' s decision regarding the reduction of punishments of match-fixing and after that Galatasaray SK and Trabzonspor were sent to Professional Football Disciplinary Board by TFF.
UEFA Chief Executive Gianni Infantino stated "We are discussing with the Turkish football association and, if necessary, we will certainly not hesitate to take necessary measures. We urge the federations to adopt a zero tolerance policy and to take the necessary measures against those who are involved in match-fixing." on 28 December 2011.
On 16 January 2012 Galatasaray SK sent an official legal warning to the Turkish Football Federation and urged them that "If Galatasaray is not qualified for the European competition next season due to a UEFA ban after the TFF decision regarding the removing relegation penalty, the Federation will be responsible for it." Nevertheless, the Turkish Football Federation stated that "Every decision we have made was in line with the international laws, as well as the UEFA and FIFA codes" after the meeting on 16 January 2012.
On 25 January 2012 UEFA Chief Executive Gianni Infantino declared that "I think it is important that the Turkish FA is taking decisions, the right decisions, with regards to this whole match-fixing situation. The disciplinary proceedings from the sporting side, they need to go fast, because it is important that the integrity and regularity of the competition is guaranteed as soon as possible.
On 26 January 2012 General Convention of Turkish Football Federation, which are consists of Turkish clubs, rejected a federation proposal to spare clubs from possible relegation over a match-fixing scandal.
On 30 January 2012 Jérôme Valcke who is the General Secretary of the international football federation (FIFA), sent a fax to the Turkish Football Federation to get information about the match-fixing scandal.
On 31 January 2012 President of the Turkish Football Federation Mehmet Ali Aydınlar, Vice Presidents of TFF Göksel Gümüşdağ and Lütfü Arıboğan resigned from all duties.
On 30 April 2012 Turkish Football Federation changed the article 58 of disciplinary regulations regarding the penalization of match-fixing to save the teams which has been charged of match-fixing before the end of season in spite of the UEFA's warning. In response to the TFF' s decision, Trabzonspor announced that they will make a meeting with the UEFA as soon as possible. Galatasaray SK reacted against the TFF' s decision and made a statement regarding the issue. Bursaspor also reacted against the decision. On the same day, Turkish Football Federation added a new article to the disciplinary regulations that all punishments including relegation, point-deduction can be postponed, Article 105.
On 1 May 2012 Trabzonspor made a statement against TFF's decision and asked for the ethical council's report regarding the issue.
On the same day, Galatasaray SK sent an official legal warning to the Turkish Football Federation and urged them that "If Galatasaray is not qualified for the European competition next season due to a UEFA ban after the TFF decision regarding the removing relegation penalty, the Federation will be responsible for it. Kayserispor and Altay SK accused Turkish Football Federation for this decision.
On 2 May 2012 Galatasaray SK fans protested Turkish Football Federation in front of the UEFA building in Geneva, Switzerland and 13 different country including Turkey.
On 3 May 2012 Galatasaray SK applied to the TFF Arbitration Board to suspend and annul the decision regarding the amendment on the Article 58 and Article 105 of disciplinary regulations of TFF.
On 4 May 2012 Trabzonspor and Bursaspor also applied to the TFF Arbitration Board to suspend and annul the decision regarding the amendment on the Article 58 and Article 105 of disciplinary regulations of TFF.
On 5 May 2012 Turkish Football Federation Arbitration Board, as expected, rejected the appeals and the objections from the clubs.
On 5 May 2012 The 16th Specially Authorized High Criminal Court of Istanbul asked for the Turkish Football Federation Ethical Council's report regarding the match-fixing case. The court rejected the requests for the release of 9 defendants including Fenerbahçe SK Chairman Aziz Yıldırım except Tamer Yelkovan.
On 7 May 2012 Turkish Football Federation has cleared all the teams with the full support of Turkish Government, including Fenerbahçe SK which was barred from this season's Champions League as a result of the investigation.
The federation banned İbrahim Akın of İstanbul Buyukşehir Belediyesi SK for three years for allegedly fixing the result of a match when his team lost to Fenerbahçe SK 2-0 on May 1, 2011. It also banned Serdar Kulbilge of Gençlerbirliği for two years for allegedly attempting to fix the result of a match that Fenerbahçe SK won 4-2.
It said eight other people, including Fenerbahçe SK officials Mehmet Şekip Mosturoğlu, İlhan Yüksel Ekşioğlu, Cemil Turhan and Yavuz Ağırgöl received with a disciplinary measure called "depravation of rights" which amounts to barring a person from any administrative or sports activities, including entering the stadiums. However, this disciplinary measure can be postponed according to the new article 105 which has been designed by Turkish Football Federation recently.
"As a Turk, I'm very ashamed to say this, but only UEFA can clear us," Yusuf Reha Alp, a member of the Professional Football Disciplinary Board(PFDK) told Kanaltürk television during a popular sports show on Monday night. "Turkish football's future is very dark," he also said.
On 8 May 2012, Trabzonspor made a statement against TFF Professional Disciplinary Board's decision.
The first Ethical Council' s report is rather different than the second one.
On 10 May 2012 Michel Platini, President of the UEFA, said "If you do not relegate the teams, you can not be in Europe".
On 30 May 2012 Turkish Fair Play Platform made a short film regarding the Turkish match-fixing case, as they made another short film some time ago.
On May 31, 2012 Turkish Football Federation decleared that neither of the comments previously reported on the news from Michel Platini, the President of the UEFA, nor UEFA Chief Executive Gianni Infantino is true. TFF decleared that they did not receive any comments or directives from Michel Platini and Gianni Infantino.
On 1 June 2012 Specially authorized İstanbul Public Prosecutor Ufuk Ermertcan demanded from the İstanbul 16th High Criminal Court to hand down jail sentences for Aziz Yıldırım and other suspects as part of an investigation into match-fixing scandal. The İstanbul 16th High Criminal Court rejected lawyers’ request to release Fenerbahçe SK President Aziz Yıldırım, Olgun Peker, Fenerbahçe official İlhan Ekşioğlu and Yusuf Turanlı. The court also ruled to release Ahmet Çelebi, Ali Kıratlı, Haldun Şenman, Sami Dinç and İbrahim Bülent İşcen, who were in custody, pending trial. The court hearings will be resumed on June 26
On 4 June 2012 the Arbitration Board of Turkish Football Federation reduced the penalties for three suspects in a match-fixing scandal that has rocked Turkish football since last July, while upholding the sentences of other suspects. The arbitration board reduced Akın’s sentence from three years to two years and Kulbilge’s sentence was reduced from two years to three matches. Karan was given two years deprivation of rights by the PFDK, but the Arbitration Board changed his sentence into a two-year ban from participating in future games.
On 6 June 2012 Michel Platini said "UEFA has zero tolerance for clubs and players involved in match fixing because this is what kills football."
On 22 June 2012 UEFA Control and Disciplinary Body made a decision: "- To allow the Diciplinary Inspector and Fenerbahce to file additional submissions to the Control and Diciplinary Body - For the time being the club of Fenerbahce is allowed to participate in the UEFA competition for which it is eligible pending a final decision of the UEFA Diciplinary Body in this regard. "
On 24 June 2012 UEFA declared that "In particular, the final reasoned decisions of the Turkish Football Association Board of Appeals have only just been received and neither the Disciplinary Inspector nor the Control and Disciplinary Body have had the opportunity to review these in detail. For the time being, therefore, Fenerbahçe may participate in the UEFA competition for which they are eligible, pending a final decision of the UEFA disciplinary body on the matter."
On 2 July 2012 Turkish court convicted and sentenced Fenerbahçe President Aziz Yıldırım to 6 years and 3 months in prison on match-fixing charges. Fenerbahçe Vice President Şekip Mosturoğlu was sentenced to 1 year 10 months and 10 days in prison and the other Vice President of Fenerbahçe was sentenced to 1 year and 2 months in prison.
On 6 July 2012 Mehmet Berk, the prosecutor of the match-fixing case, declared that "We are still under heavy pressure, we thought that it(the case) would be finished in 3-4 months but wouldn't. I' m a Fenerbahce fan, but my duty is more important than that."
On 20 July 2012 UEFA general secretary Gianni Infantino said "the status of Fenerbahçe - which finished second in May to qualify for this season's competition - could still change. UEFA disciplinary inspectors are studying files including Turkish Football Federation decisions which cleared the club's entry. He also said Turkish court decision is very important. It's a complicated case and our disciplinary bodies are going through the procedure, It's a big dossier. It's literally thousands of pages of work. UEFA will continue with its zero tolerance policy towards any involvement in illegal or irregular activities connected to our matches, and anyone caught risks a life ban from the game.
On 22 July 2012 FIFA officially requested information about the match-fixing scandal from Turkish Football Federation and started its own investigation regarding the case which is based on 16th High Criminal Turkish court decision. FIFA also requested the documents of this case from the UEFA.
On the same day UEFA General Secretary Gianni Infantino sent a letter to Trabzonspor and said "We have gotten the original and the certified translated court decision documents of 2 July 2012 which were sent by Trabzonspor and they will be investigated by UEFA Disciplinary and Control Board." In addition, Trabzonspor declared that they will also apply the European Court of Human Rights
On 10 August 2012, İstanbul 16th High Criminal Court announced its reasoned decision regarding the match-fixing case.
On 28 August 2012, Yusuf Reha Alp, a member of the Professional Football Disciplinary Board(PFDK) resigned from all duties under heavy pressure of Turkish Football Federation and Fenerbahçe SK.
On 25 June 2013, UEFA banned Fenerbahçe and Beşiktaş from European competitions over match-fixing allegations. Fenerbahçe was banned for a total of three seasons for which they qualify for either the Champions League or Europa League, with the ban for the third campaign deferred for a probationary period of five years, while Beşiktaş will miss next season’s Europa League. Both clubs are to appeal against a UEFA decision to bar the two clubs from European competitions on match-fixing accusations. 5th Civil Court of First Instance temporarily suspended three Fenerbahçe officials, including chairman Aziz Yıldırım.
On 15 July 2013, UEFA Appeals Body declared that "Besiktas have had their appeal rejected. Consequently, Besiktas are not eligible to participate in the 2013/14 UEFA Europa League. Fenerbahce have had their appeal partially admitted. Consequently, Fenerbahce are excluded from participating in the next two UEFA club competitions they qualify for, including the 2013/14 UEFA Champions League."
On 18 July 2013, CAS announced that the final decision on Fenerbahce will be issued before August 28 and a final decision on Besiktas on August 30.
On 24 July 2013, Supreme Court of Appeals Prosecutor's Office demanded upholding of verdicts in match-fixing trial.
On 28 August 2013, The Court of Arbitration for Sports decided to reject the Fenerbahçe SK's appeal against their suspension from European competition and Fenerbahçe was banned from European competitions for two years after the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) opted to uphold the club's punishment for their involvement in match fixing in Turkey.
On 30 August 2013, The Court of Arbitration for Sports decided to reject the Beşiktaş JK's appeal against their suspension from European competition and Beşiktaş was banned from European competitions for one year after the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) opted to uphold the club's punishment for their involvement in match fixing in Turkey.
On 17 January 2014 Republic of Turkey Supreme Court approved decisions on match fixing crime.
Items seized in police raid
The police seized the following items:
- Three unlicensed 9mm pistols
- Four unlicensed 7.65mm pistols
- One unlicensed .38 caliber pistol
- An undetermined amount of ammunition
- Copies of TFF Manager's License Final Exams
- One fraudulent driver's license
Club Punishments
No club was punished by Turkish Football Federation even though Fenerbahçe President and Fenerbahçe officials had been found guilty and sentenced to 1 year to 6 years 3 months in jail by the İstanbul 16th High Criminal Court.
Affected football matches
In the course of the investigation by the İstanbul Prosecutor's Office, a number of matches were examined to determine if there was an attempt to manipulate them and if any such attempt had affected the outcome. The matches and their relevant detail are listed below in chronological order.
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Super League
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First League
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Football clubs involved
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Basketball investigation
On 12 August 2011, İstanbul Police Department Organized Crime Control Bureau (OCCB) and the prosecutor discovered that Game 6 of the final series between Fenerbahçe Ülker vs Galatasaray was manipulated and before the game, phone conversations were made between Fenerbahçe Ülker basketball manager Semih Özsoy and Recep Ankaralı, the referee of the game, regarding match-fixing. OCCB and the prosecutor invoked Ankaralı, who was the referee of Fenerbahçe Ülker-Galatasaray Turkish Basketball Final, Erşan Kartal, who was the second referee of the final game and Alper Özgök, who was the third referee of the final game and Fenerbahçe Ülker Basketball Manager Semih Özsoy. On 9 September 2011, eighth wave of investigation were started and Fenerbahçe Ülker Basketball Manager Semih Özsoy and Fenerbahçe Ülker Basketball branch director Nedim Karakaş were questioned as either suspect or witness in the match-fixing investigation.
Affected basketball games
- June 17, 2011 Fenerbahçe Ülker - Galatasaray 91:88 (Game 6 of the final series)
- Phone conversations were made between Recep Ankaralı, referee of the game and Semih Özsoy, Fenerbahçe Ülker basketball official for match-fixing on 16 June 2011.
Basketball clubs involved
- Fenerbahçe Ülker, Turkish Basketball League, won 2010/11 championship
Turkish Football Federation's Punishments
Due to the new disciplinary regulations which was designed by the new Turkish Football Federation that includes the changing in the article 58 of disciplinary regulations and adding the new article 105, no club has been punished in spite of the UEFA' s official warnings.
- Fenerbahçe SK
- İlhan Yüksel Ekşioğlu - Fenerbahçe Sports Club Vice President was banned for 3 years from any role in football.(Eskişehirspor- Trabzonspor, Gençlerbirliği-Fenerbahçe, Fenerbahçe-Ankaragücü matches - Attempting to match-fixing)
- Cemil Turan - Coordinator for the sporting infrastructure of Fenerbahçe Sports Club was banned for 1 year from any role in football.(Fenerbahçe-Ankaragücü matches - Attempting to match-fixing.)
- Yavuz Ağırgöl - Fenerbahçe Sports Club Security Officer was banned for 1 year from any role in football.(Fenerbahçe-Ankaragücü matches - Attempting to match-fixing.)
- İstanbul Büyük Şehir Belediyesi SK
- İbrahim Akın - Istanbul BB Player was banned for 3 years from any role in football. (Fenerbahçe- İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyespor - Match-fixing)
- Ahmet Çelebi - Sivasspor board member was banned for 2 years from any role in football. (Fenerbahçe- İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyespor - Match-fixing)
- Eskişehir SK
- Ümit Karan - Former Eskişehirspor Director of Football was banned for 2 years from any role in football.(Eskişehirspor-Trabzonspor match - Attempting to match-fixing.)
- Gençlerbirliği SK
- Serdar Kulbilge - Former Gençlerbirliği Goalkeeper was banned for 2 years from any role in football.(Gençlerbirliği-Fenerbahçe match - Attempting to match-fixing.)
- Cengiz Demirel - Former Gençlerbirliği Assistant Coach was banned for 1 year from any role in football.(Gençlerbirliği-Fenerbahçe match - Attempting to match-fixing.)
- Mehmet Şen - Former Ankaraspor Manager was banned for 1 year from any role in football. (Gençlerbirliği-Fenerbahçe match - Attempting to match-fixing.)
- Affected Matches
- 15.05.2011 Fenerbahçe SK-Ankaragücü
- 6-0 (match-fixing)
- 01.05.2011 Fenerbahçe SK-İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi SK
- 2-0 (match-fixing)
- 07.03.2011 Gençlebirliği-Fenerbahçe SK
- 2-4 (match-fixing)
- 22.04.2011 Eskişehirspor-Trabzonspor
- 0-0 (incentive premium from Fenerbahçe Officials to Eskişehirspor)
References
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{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ GİRESUNSPOR'UN 5 MAÇINDA ŞİKE İDDİASI Template:Tr icon
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- Eskişehir-Trabzon Sivas-Fenerbahçe Template:Tr icon
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- İbrahim Akın'ı yakan şike diyalogları Template:Tr icon
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- Korcan Celikay in Shikepedia Template:Tr icon
- ^ "Giresunspor'un sıkıntılı günleri". Milliyet Newspaper. 2011-07-11.
- Uğur Uçar ifade verdi Template:Tr icon
- ^ Şikede yeni şok! 5 tutuklama Template:Tr icon
- Haberi duyunca kalp krizi geçirdi Template:Tr icon
- Bülent Uygun ve Ümit Karan Tutuklandı. Template:Tr icon
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- Şike basketbola sıçrıyor!!! Template:Tr icon
- 'Şike'de sıra basketbola geldi Template:Tr icon
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- "Cengiz Demirel". Şike İddianamesi. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
- "Mehmet Şen". Şike İddianamesi. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
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