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| Seoul Metropolitan Subway | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 | |||
| Overview | |||
| Owner | Seoul Special City, Korea Rail Network Authority, Incheon Metropolitan City, Uijeongbu City, Yongin City | ||
| Locale | Seoul, South Korea Incheon, Gyeonggi-do, Chungcheongnam-do, Gangwon-do | ||
| Transit type | Rapid transit | ||
| Number of lines | 19 | ||
| Number of stations | 615 total 585 stations excluding Everline and U Line or 493 if transfer stations are counted as one | ||
| Daily ridership | 9.8 million (2012) | ||
| Annual ridership | 3,587 million (2012) | ||
| Operation | |||
| Began operation | August 15, 1974 | ||
| Operator(s) | Seoul Metro, Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation, Korail, Incheon Transit Corporation, and private rapid transit operators | ||
| Technical | |||
| System length | 981.5 km (609.9 mi) 952.3 km (591.7 mi) excluding Everline and U Line | ||
| Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | ||
| |||
The Seoul Metropolitan Subway has been described as the world's longest multi-operator metro system by route length. It consists of 19 lines that serve the Seoul Metropolitan Area, although legally and universally, only 17 lines excluding Everline and U Line are currently recognized as part of the system by the official operators.
The system is rated the world's best subway system by Jalopnik, nicknamed "super highway" by the BBC. It is notable for its cleanliness and ease of use. Seoul Subway introduced the world's first commercially used contactless smart card called Upass and advanced technology such as 4G LTE, WiFi, DMB, and WiBro accessible in all stations and moving subway cars. Most trains have digital TV screens, and all of them have air conditioning and climate controlled seats installed that are automatically heated in the winter. All Seoul Metro, SMRT, Line 9, AREX, Sinbundang Line and U Line stations have screen doors installed along with major stations operated by Korail and Incheon Transit. Since 2010, all Seoul Metro stations feature the world's largest digital signage service, which are smartphone-like 46" touchscreen kiosk stands called Digital View provided by Daum that have many apps such as maps having a Google Street View-like feature, tourist guides, and free phone calls. The world's first virtual mart for smartphone users opened at Seolleung Station in 2011.
All lines use the T-money smart payment system utilizing RFID and NFC technology for automatic payment by T-money smart cards, smartphones, or credit cards and one can transfer to any of the other line within the system for free.
Real-time subway arrival times are available for all lines provided through giant LCD screens at all stations, along with apps for smartphones. All directional signs in the system are written in both Korean and English. Station signs and some maps also display Hanja. In the trains, the prerecorded voice announcement that states the upcoming station, any possible line transfer, and the exiting side are all in Korean, followed by those in English. On major stations, this is also followed by the announcement in Japanese, then in Mandarin Chinese.
Lines & Channels
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Everline and U Line are currently not officially counted as part of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway universally, although plans to allow them into the unified metropolitan fare are under way for 2014, with many operators listing these lines in advance on their maps.
Trains on numbered lines generally run on the right-hand track, while trains on the named lines (e.g. Sinbundang Line, Bundang Line, and AREX) run on the left-hand track. The exceptions are the trains on Line 1, as well as those on Line 4 south of Namtaeryeong Station. These lines run on the left-hand track because these rail lines are operated by Korail.
History
- August 15, 1974: Opening of Seoul Subway Line 1, operating from Seongbuk Station to Incheon Station and Suwon Station.
- December 9, 1978: Yongsan - Cheongnyangni line was added to Line 1. Now part of Jungang Line.
- October 10, 1980: Opening of Seoul Subway Line 2.
- 1985: Fare system changed from charging by distance to zone, Edmondson railway ticket changed to magnetic paper ticket.
- April 20, 1985: Opening of Seoul Subway Line 4.
- July 12, 1985: Opening of Seoul Subway Line 3.
- April 1, 1994: Opening of Indeogwon - Namtaeryeong extension of Seoul Subway Line 4.
- September 1, 1994: Opening of Bundang Line, operating from Suseo Station to Ori Station.
- November 15, 1995: Opening of Seoul Subway Line 5.
- January 30, 1996: Opening of Jichuk - Daehwa extension of Seoul Subway Line 3.
- March 20, 1996: Opening of Kkachisan - Sindorim extension of Seoul Subway Line 2.
- October 11, 1996: Opening of Seoul Subway Line 7.
- November 23, 1996: Opening of Seoul Subway Line 8.
- October 6, 1999: Opening of Incheon Subway Line 1.
- August 7, 2000: Opening of Seoul Subway Line 6.
- 2004: Fare system changed back to charging by distance. Free transfers with buses introduced.
- January 20, 2005: Opening of Byeongjeom - Cheonan extension of Seoul Subway Line 1.
- December 16, 2005: Opening of Jungang Line, operating from Yongsan Station to Deokso Station.
- December 15, 2006: Opening of Uijeongbu - Soyosan extension of Seoul Subway Line 1. Subway cars from Yongsan Station to Gwangmyeong Station begin operating. Now reduced to Yeongdeungpo - Gwangmyeong.
- March 23, 2007: Opening of AREX.
- December 27, 2007: Opening of Deokso - Paldang extension of Jungang Line.
- December 15, 2008: Opening of Cheonan - Sinchang extension of Seoul Subway Line 1.
- May 1, 2009: Magnetic paper ticket changed to RFID based public transportation card.
- July 1, 2009: Opening of Gyeongui Line, operating from Seoul Station to Munsan Station.
- July 24, 2009: Opening of Seoul Subway Line 9, operating from Gaehwa Station to Sinnonhyeon Station.
- February 26, 2010: Opening of Byeongjeom - Seodongtan extension of Seoul Subway Line 1.
- December 21, 2010: Opening of Gyeongchun Line.
- October 28, 2011: Opening of Sinbundang Line, operating from Gangnam Station to Jeongja Station.
- June 30, 2012: Opening of Suin Line, operating from Oido Station to Songdo Station.
- July 1, 2012: Opening of U Line.
- December 15, 2012: Opening of Gongdeok - Gajwa extension of Gyeongui Line.
- April 26, 2013: Opening of EverLine.
Rolling stock
Main article: Seoul Metropolitan Subway trainsFares and ticketing
The current single-use ticket is a credit card-sized plastic card with RFID technology, which are obtained from automated machines in every subway station. A 500 won deposit fee is included in the price, and is refunded when the ticket is returned at any station. Multiple use cards are sold in convenience stores or can be integrated with certain debit cards.
Fares (except for single-use tickets) are currently 1,050 won for a trip up to 10 km, with 100 won added for each subsequent 5 km. Single-use ticket users must pay 100 won extra. Sinbundang Line adds a flat 700 won extra charge, while EverLine and U Line cost 1,300 won, with free transfers to other lines and buses coming in the future. Half-priced children's tickets are available. Riders may also enter the system using a transportation card such as T-money, Upass, and KB Free Pass. The city government also uses Seoul Citypass as a transportation card. Senior citizens and disabled people qualify for free transit and can get a free ticket or enter and exit using side gates rather than turnstiles.
Current construction
Opening 2014
- AREX will open Cheongna Int'l City Station in April 2014.
- The Incheon Airport Maglev will run from Incheon International Airport Station to Yongyu Station in July 2014.
- Gyeongui Line will open Gangmae Station in July 2014.
- Remodeling of Line 1's Sindorim Station will complete on 4th September 2014.
- Underground transfer tunnel between Line 1 and Line 9 at Noryangjin Station will open "in the latter half of 2014".
- Line 9 will be extended from Sinnonhyeon to Sports Complex along with the opening of Magongnaru Station by December 2014.
- Gyeongui Line will open from Gongdeok to Yongsan Station, thereby connecting with the Jungang Line as a single line in December 2014.
- Suin Line is scheduled to open Dalwol Station in December 2014.
- AREX is scheduled to open Yeongjeong Station in December 2014.
- Underground transfer tunnel between Line 1/4 and AREX at Seoul Station will open on December 2014.
Opening 2015
- Incheon Subway Line 2 is planned to open with 27 stations over 29.3 km from Oryu dong in Seo-gu to Incheon Grand Park. The line been under construction since June 26, 2009 and was planned to open in August 2014, but was pushed back to July 2015. It will intersect Line 1 at Incheon City Hall Station, Korail Line 1 at Juan Station, and AREX at Geomam Station.
- The Yeoju Line will be an 11-station line in Gyeonggi-do that will intersect both the Sinbundang Line and Bundang Line as it heads east.
- Wonheung Station will open in Line 3 between Samsong and Wondang in mid 2015.
- Gyeongui Line will open Yadang between Unjeong and Tanhyeon in October 2015.
- The Suin Line will open in Phase 2, which is an extension from Songdo Station to Incheon Station.
Opening 2016+
- Sinbundang Line's Phase 2 (2016) will extend the southern end of the line by five stops with four additional proposed stops.
- A Light Rapid Transit line named Ui LRT will be a 11.4 km (7.1 mi) line from Ui-dong to Sinseol Dong in northern Seoul. The line is expected to carry 110,000 passengers per day, and will have 12 stations. It will connect to Line 4 at Sungshin Women's University, Line 6 at Bomun, and Line 1 & Line 2 at Sinseol Dong.
- The Sosa–Wonsi Line is a 12-station line in southwestern Seoul with transfers to Line 1 and Line 4. Opening is set for April 2016.
- Line 9 is being extended eastward to Korea Veteran's Hospital Station by 2016.
- The Suin Line will open in Phase 3 after 2017, which is an extension from Suwon Station to Hanyang University at Ansan Station, where it will connect with the Bundang Line as a single line.
Planned construction
There are several major works that are either still in the planning stage or are waiting for construction to commence.
- (2014 ~ 2017) Line 8 will be extended north by 11.37 km to intersect Guri Station and Byeolnae Station on the Gyeongchun Line.
- The northern end of Line 4 will be extended by three stations from Danggogae to Jinjeop, Namyangju. Construction will begin in 2015, with the expected completion date in 2019.
- (2013 ~ 2022) Sin Ansan Line will connect Ansan, Siheung, Seoul Station, and Cheongnyangni Station. At its terminus at Cheongnyangni, the line will be connected to a new light rail line called Myeonmok Light Rail Line.
- An interchange station of Line 2, Line 5, Jungang Line, Bundang Line, and Dongbuk Light Rail Line is planned from Wangsimni Station.
- Incheon Line 3 is planned to be a semicircular subway line of Incheon. It will intersect Seoul Subway Line 1 at Dowon Station and Dongmak Station at Incheon Subway Line 1, as well as at the future Incheon Subway Line 2.
- Myeonmokseon LRT (면목선 경전철) is a planned 12-station, 9.05 km line from Cheongnyangni Station to the future Sinnae Station. Customers will be able to transfer to Seoul Subway Lines 1, 6, 7, and the Gyeongchun Line. The cost is estimated at 855.9 billion Won. Construction is scheduled to begin at the end of 2013 and end in 2018.
- Line 7 will get two more stations to the west to link up to Incheon Line 2. The 3.94 km extension is due for completion in 2018. Construction will commence in 2013.
- Gimpo City will have its own subway line (김포도시철도) stretching 23.61 km over 9 stations. Completion target is the end of 2018.
- Incheon Line 1 will get one more station to Songdo Landmark City 0.84 km beyond International Business District Station. Construction is planned to start in 2013 and be completed the end of 2018.
- EverLine might get a 6.8 km extension from Gugal station to the future Gwanggyo Station on the Sinbundang Line.
- Several Light Rapid Transit lines are under various forms of construction.
See also
- Incheon Subway
- Pyongyang Metro
- List of Korea-related topics
- List of metro systems
- List of urban rail systems by length
- Seoul Metropolitan Subway stations
- Top 10 metro systems in terms of annual passenger rides
- Top 10 metro systems in terms of number of stations
- Transportation in South Korea
References
- 서울 통계표 and Korail
- "The world's longest metro and subway systems". Railway-technology.com. Retrieved 2014-02-20.
- The general provisions of Seoul Metro's Terms of Passenger Transport, SMRT's Terms of Passenger Transport and Sinbundang Line's Terms of Passenger Transport all define Seoul Metropolitan Subway as follows:
제3조(정의) Article 3 (Definition) 5. "도시철도"라 함은 도시철도법에 따라 서울메트로구간과 연락운송하는 노선(이하 "도시철도구간"이라 합니다) 및 그 부대설비, 열차 등을 통틀어 말합니다..
Translation: The metro, as constituted by the metro law, refers to the jointly operated lines with Seoul Metro (called "sections of metro" from now) and its supplementary equipments, trains and etc. collectively.
4. "연락운송"이라 함은 도시철도법 제17조에 따라 서울메트로구간과 한국철도광역전철구간, 서울도시철도구간, 인천교통공사구간, 서울시메트로9호선구간, 코레일공항철도 검암~서울역, 신분당선구간을 서로 연속하여 여객을 운송하는 것을 말합니다..
Translation: "Joint operation", as defined by metro law Article 17, refers to the continuous transport of passengers by the sections of Seoul Metro, Korail Metropolitan Subway, Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation, Incheon Transit, Seoul Metro Line 9, Korail Airport Railroad Geomam~Seoul Station and Sinbundang Line - Terms of Passenger Transport, Incheon Transit 제3조(정의) 이 약관에서 사용하는 용어의 정의는 다음 각 호와 같습니다.
Translation: Article 3 (Definition) The definition of the term used in this clause is as follows.
1. “수도권 도시철도”란 인천교통공사, 서울메트로, 서울특별시도시철도공사, 서울시메트로9호선(주), 코레일공항철도(주), 신분당선(주)가 운영하는 구간 및 한국철도공사가 운영하는 광역전철 구간을 말합니다.
Translation: "Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit" refers to the sections of metropolitan subways operated by Incheon Transit, Seoul Metro, Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation, Seoul Metro Line 9, Korail Airport Railroad, Sinbundang Line and Korail.
〈 개정 (Amended) 2009. 8. 20, 2009. 10. 5, 2011. 7. 15, 2011. 12. 23, 2012. 2. 21 〉 - Terms of Passenger Transport, Korail Airport Railroad 제2조(정의) 이 약관에서 사용하는 용어의 정의는 다음과 같습니다.
Translation: The definition of the terms used in this provision is as follows.
“수도권도시철도”라 함은 서울메트로, 서울특별시도시철도공사, 인천교통공사, 서울시메트로9호선(주), 신분당선(주)가 운영하는 도시철도구간 및 한국철도공사가 운영하는 광역전철구간을 말합니다. <개정 ‘13.12.13>.
Translation: "Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit" refers to the sections of metro operated by Seoul Metro, Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation, Incheon Transit, Seoul Metro Line 9 and Sinbundang Line and metropolitan subways operated by Korail. <Amended ‘13.12.13> - The Best Subway Systems In The World
- BBC News - Underground world: Seoul's 'super highway' v London's 'rude tube'. Bbc.co.uk (2013-04-03). Retrieved on 2013-07-12.
- With the exception of Gaehwa Station.
- Screen doors installed in the Seoul Metropolitan Subway. Koreatimes.co.kr (2009-05-05). Retrieved on 2013-07-12.
- 이웃집블로거 빌시 : 네이버 블로그. Tunpark.blog.me. Retrieved on 2013-07-12.
- What are the world's best metro systems?
- With the exception of AREX on Yeongjong Island (extra charge applied depending on distance) and Sinbundang Line (extra flat charge of 700KRW). EverLine and U Line will allow free transfers from 2014.
- Terms of Passenger Transport 제3조(정의) 이 약관에서 사용하는 용어의 정의는 다음 각 호와 같습니다.
Translation: Article 3 (Definition) The definition of the term used in this clause is as follows.
1. “수도권 도시철도”란 인천교통공사, 서울메트로, 서울특별시도시철도공사, 서울시메트로9호선(주), 코레일공항철도(주), 신분당선(주)가 운영하는 구간 및 한국철도공사가 운영하는 광역전철 구간을 말합니다.
Translation: "Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit" refers to the sections of metropolitan subways operated by Incheon Transit, Seoul Metro, Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation, Seoul Metro Line 9, Korail Airport Railroad, Sinbundang Line and Korail.
〈 개정 (Amended) 2009. 8. 20, 2009. 10. 5, 2011. 7. 15, 2011. 12. 23, 2012. 2. 21 〉 - "9호선/수도권 전철 읍데이트들 - Misc Subway Updates" (Blog). Rick&Nyo. 19 April 2012. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
{{cite web}}:|first=missing|last=(help); External link in|authorlink= - http://news1.kr/articles/1505464
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- "경의선 효창정거장 부지 220m 때문에…" ((Korean Language)). Chosun. 2011-08-25. Retrieved 15 July 2012.
- http://kin.naver.com/qna/detail.nhn?d1id=8&dirId=81203&docId=188435693&qb=7ISc7Jq47JetIOqzte2VreyyoOuPhCDtmZjsirnthrXroZw=&enc=utf8§ion=kin&rank=1&search_sort=0&spq=0
- "Incheon metro Line 2 signalling contract awarded". Railway Gazette International. 2010-02-09.
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- "4호선 연장 및 창동차량기지 이전 공동 선언식" (Korean). 연합뉴스. October 17, 2012. Retrieved 5 November 2012.
- Lee, Jinchol (July 10, 2011). "청량리-신내역 면목선 경전철 민자사업 본격화". E Daily Jonghab News. Retrieved 9 Sep 2011.
- Kim, Gyeongtaek (July 11, 2011). "청량리~신내역 경전철 면목선 2013년 착공". Kukmin Ilbo Kuki News. Retrieved 2 Sep 2011.
- ^ "사업소개" (Korean Language). 도시철도건설본부. Retrieved 7 June 2012.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - "(경기도 도시철도) 용인경전철 연장" (Korean Language). Future Rail Database. 2011-12-09. Retrieved 12 November 2012.
External links
- Official Homepages
- City Government
- The Seoul Underground Subway: Official Seoul Tourism
- English-language WMV video describing Seoul Subway history, current construction and future projects
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