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Interplay Entertainment

File:Interplay logo.JPG
Company type	Public
Traded as	OTC Pink: IPLY
Industry	Video game industry
Founded	1983
Founder	Brian Fargo
Headquarters	Beverly Hills, Los Angeles, California
Key people	Herve Caen (Chairman and CEO)
Products	Wasteland, Battle Chess, Neuromancer, Stonekeep, Planescape: Torment Descent series Fallout series MDK series Baldur's Gate series Icewind Dale series
Revenue	1,380,000 United States dollar (2010)
Net income	1,030,000 United States dollar (2010)
Number of employees	10 (January 2014)
Divisions	Black Isle Studios Interplay Discovery
Website	http://www.interplay.com/

Interplay Entertainment Corporation is an American video game developer and publisher, founded in 1983 as Interplay Productions by Brian Fargo. Interplay is possibly best known as the creator of Wasteland and the original Fallout series, and as the publisher of Planescape: Torment and the Baldur's Gate, Descent and Icewind Dale series.

By the turn of the millenium, Interplay, having experienced financial losses for several years, sold a controlling amount of Interplay stock to Titus Software to keep the company from bankruptcy, but the losses continued to increase. Fargo left to found the small company inXile Entertainment and Herve Caen took over to perform triage, selling Shiny Entertainment and several game properties, and closing Interplay's in-house development studios such as Black Isle Studios and BlueSky Software. Interplay was brought to bankruptcy count in 2006 and sold Fallout IP to Bethesda Softworks, which was followed by a lenghty lawsuit over the rights to the franchise.

History

Interplay Productions

The company was founded in October 1983 as Interplay Productions in southern California with Brian Fargo as CEO. The first employees were the programmers Jay Patel, Troy Worrell, and Bill Heineman who had previously worked with Fargo at a small video game developer called Boone Corporation. The first projects were non-original and consisted of software conversions and even some military work for Loral Corporation. After negotiations with Activision, Interplay entered a US$100,000 contract to produce three illustrated text adventures for them. Published in 1984, Mindshadow is loosely based on Robert Ludlum's Bourne Identity while The Tracer Sanction puts the player in the role of an interplanetary secret agent. Borrowed Time which features a script by Arnie Katz' Subway Software followed in 1985. These adventures built upon work previously done by Fargo: his first game was the 1981 published Demon's Forge.

Interplay's parser was developed by Fargo and an associate and in one version understands about 250 nouns and 200 verbs as well as prepositions and indirect objects. In 1986, Tass Times in Tonetown followed. Interplay made a name for itself as a quality developer of role-playing video games with the three-part series The Bard's Tale (1985–1988), critically acclaimed Wasteland (1988) and Dragon Wars (1989). All of them were published by Electronic Arts.

Interplay started publishing its own games, starting with Neuromancer and Battle Chess, in 1988, and then moved on to publish and distribute games from other companies, while continuing internal game development. In 1995, Interplay published the hit game Descent, developed by startup Parallax Software. Interplay published several Star Trek video games, including Star Trek: 25th Anniversary for computers and for Nintendo and Star Trek: Judgment Rites. These games had later CD-ROM editions released with the original Star Trek cast providing voices. Interplay also published Starfleet Academy and Klingon Academy games, and Starfleet Command series, beginning with Star Trek: Starfleet Command. Another game, Star Trek: Secret of Vulcan Fury, was in development in the late 1990s but was never completed and much of its staff laid off due to budgetary cuts prompted by various factors. In 1995, after several years of delays, Interplay finally published its role-playing game Stonekeep, which failed to return the large ammount of money invested in it. Other PC games released during the mid-to-late 1990s games included Carmageddon, Fragile Allegiance, Hardwar and Redneck Rampage.

In 1997, Interplay developed and released Fallout, a successful and critically acclaimed role-playing video game set in a retro-futuristic post-apocalyptic setting. Black Isle Studios, a newly created in-house developer, followed with the sequel, Fallout 2, in 1998. Another successful subsequent Interplay franchise was Baldur's Gate, a Dungeons & Dragons game that was developed by BioWare and which spawned a successful expansion, sequel and spin-off series. The spin-off series started with Baldur's Gate: Dark Alliance; the game's success forged a sequel as well. Aside from Dark Alliance, Interplay published a few notable console series such as Loaded and the fighting game series ClayFighter and the games by Shiny Entertainment, Murder Death Kill and Wild 9.

Interplay Entertainment

By 1998, the financial situation at Interplay was dire and the company was in bankruptcy court. To avert bankruptcy Interplay went public in order to raise capital and pay off debt. Interplay was successful in its public offering and avoided bankruptcy. Shares were sold on the NASDAQ Stock Exchange and the Interplay changed its name to Interplay Entertainment Corp. The losses continued due to increased competition, and less than stellar returns on Interplay’s sports division and the lack of console titles. This forced Interplay to seek additional funding two years later with an investment from Titus Software, a Paris-based game company. Interplay, having experienced financial losses for several years, sold a large amount of Interplay stock and stock warrants to Titus for $35 million in cash to keep the company from bankruptcy. In 1999, the relationship between Fargo and majority shareholder Titus deteriorated and the company then reported several years of losses, as titles such as Descent 3 and FreeSpace 2 had lackluster sales, despite being critically acclaimed. Successful Black Isle-made games from that period included Planescape: Torment and the Icewind Dale series.

By 2001, Titus Software completed its acquisition of majority control of Interplay. Immediately afterwards, they shed most of Interplays publisher functions and signed a long-term agreement by which Vivendi Universal would publish Interplay's games. Interplay founder Brian Fargo eventually departed to found InXile Entertainment as Fargo's plan to change Interplay's main focus from PC gaming to console gaming failed. Herve Caen took over the role of CEO to perform triage and made several unpopular but necessary decisions to cancel various projects. Interplay then sold Shiny Entertainment and several game properties while closing BlueSky Software. Due to a low share price, Interplay's shares were delisted from the NASDAQ in 2002 and now trade on the over the counter (OTC) market. On December 8, 2003, Interplay laid off the entire Black Isle Studios staff.

Following the 2004 release of Baldur's Gate: Dark Alliance II, Interplay reportedly shut down its operations, canceling Fallout: Brotherhood of Steel 2 and Baldur's Gate: Dark Alliance III, as well as Ballerium being development by Majorem. Interplay was threatened with bankruptcy and sold the full Fallout franchise to Bethesda in 2007, but retained back-licensing rights to Fallout Online and the rights to sell the original Fallout games. In 2011, the rights to the unfinished Fallout Online were transferred to Bethesda following a lengthy lawsuit and subsequent settlement between the two parties. In 2012, Black Isle Studios was reborn with the motto "Our goal has always been to make the world's best RPGs" and the slogan "Black Isle is Back". In 2013, Interplay acquired the remaining rights to the FreeSpace franchise for $7,500.

Lawsuits

Due to Interplay using the Dark Alliance Engine for Fallout: Brotherhood of Steel, Baldur's Gate: Dark Alliance II, and the GameCube version of the original Dark Alliance without consent from Snowblind Studios, the two studios were engaged in a legal conflict between 2003 and 2004. The lawsuit ended up determining that while Interplay would be allowed to work with materials already using the Dark Alliance Engine, they would not be able to use it for any future games. The lawsuit would have Interplay giving the Baldur's Gate trademark to Atari and the Dark Alliance trademark, albeit temporarily, to Snowblind Studios.

Glutton Creeper Games sued Interplay in 2007 for breach of contract for a Fallout pen-and-paper role-playing game. GCG and Interplay settled the suit for an undisclosed amount in 2009.

Bethesda Softworks sued Interplay in 2009, regarding the Fallout Online license and selling of Fallout Trilogy and sought an injunction to stop development of Fallout Online and sales of Fallout Trilogy. After several trials spanning almost three years, and in exchange for 2 million dollars, Interplay gave to Bethesda full rights for Fallout Online. Interplay's rights to sell and merchandise Fallout, Fallout 2 and Fallout Tactics: Brotherhood of Steel expired on December 31, 2013.

In 2010, Topware Interactive revealed that they were developing Battle vs. Chess to be published by SouthPeak Games. Interplay sued them and won an injunction to stop sales in the United States. In 2012, Interplay won the case via default and a settlement for $200,000 plus interest was agreed upon on November 15, 2012. Interplay is currently working on releasing a new version of Battle Chess.

Studios

• 14 Degrees East, the strategy division of Interplay, located in Beverly Hills and founded in 1999.
• Black Isle Studios in Orange County, California, started in 1996, closed in 2003 due to financial problems. Reopened nine years later in 2012.
• BlueSky Software in California, started in 1988, closed in 2001.
• Brainstorm in Irvine, California.
• Digital Mayhem, an Interplay development studio that ported Giants: Citizen Kabuto to the PS2 and developed Run Like Hell.
• FlatCat
• Interplay Discovery, a subdivision of Interplay aimed at publishing games made by indie developers.
• Interplay Films, a division of Interplay Entertainment, was formed in 1998 and was supposed to develop seven of the company’s most popular video game titles into movies, including Descent, Redneck Rampage and Fallout. Its president was Tom Reed.
• Interplay Sports located in Beverly Hills was the internal sports division at Interplay. The company was previously known as VR Sports until the name change in 1998.
• Shiny Entertainment in Laguna Beach, California, founded in 1993, acquired in 1995, sold to Atari in 2002. It later merged with The Collective, Inc. to form Double Helix Games in 2007.
• Tantrum Entertainment
• Tribal Dreams

Games

See also

• inXile Entertainment

References

1. USPTO entry for the Descent game trademark (2008)
2. ^ Rusel DeMaria, Johnny L. Wilson, "High Score." 2nd edition, McGraw-Hill/Osborne: Emeryville, California, 2004. p.209. ISBN 0-07-223172-6
3. Rebecca Heineman Interview. Digit Press, 2006.
4. The contract was factually a 9-product deal, as each of the three adventures was targeted for three platforms: Apple II, Commodore 64 and PC (CGA).
5. Interplay Entertainment at MobyGames
6. Shay Addams. "if yr cmptr cn rd ths..." In: Computer Entertainment, August 1985, pages 24–27, 76–77.
7. June 27, 2002 12:33 pm (2002-06-27). "Information on the change of control to Titus". Frictionlessinsight.com. Retrieved 2011-07-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
8. Powers, Rick (October 9, 2002). "Interplay Delisted from NASDAQ". Nintendo World Report. Retrieved 2011-04-16.
9. Thorsen, Tor (2003-12-08). "Interplay shuts down Black Isle Studios". GameSpot. Archived from the original on 2006-06-13. Retrieved May 1, 2006.
10. "Interplay's current 10-K filing". Retrieved 2011-07-14.
11. Majorem's Interplay Deal Status Update
12. "'Fallout' IP Goes To Bethesda Softworks". Totalgaming.net. 2007-04-13. Retrieved 2007-04-13. {{cite news}}: |first= missing |last= (help)
13. iTZKooPA (2007-08-15). "Interplay Almost Out Of Debt; Searching For 'Fallout'-based MMO Funding". Totalgaming.net. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
14. Interplay Buys Freespace Rights For a Cool $7,500
15. "The Great Fallout Legal Battle Ends Without a Fallout MMO". Kotaku. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
17. "14° East". MobyGames. Retrieved April 23, 2010.
18. "Internet Archive Wayback Machine". Web.archive.org. 1997-04-12. Archived from the original on 1997-04-12. Retrieved 2012-10-09. {{cite web}}: Cite uses generic title (help)
19. "Internet Archive Wayback Machine". Web.archive.org. 2002-09-21. Archived from the original on 2002-09-21. Retrieved 2012-10-09. {{cite web}}: Cite uses generic title (help)
21. "VR Sports". Answers.com. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
22. "Internet Archive Wayback Machine". Web.archive.org. 1998-12-12. Archived from the original on 1998-12-12. Retrieved 2012-10-09. {{cite web}}: Cite uses generic title (help)

External links

• Official website
• Interplay at MobyGames

• Companies listed on the Pink Sheets
• Companies based in Beverly Hills, California
• Companies established in 1983
• Video game companies of the United States
• Video game publishers
• Video game development companies