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Lead-up
After the events and the eventual war in the July–August of 1974, tens of thousands of Greek Cypriots remained in the north whereas Turkish Cypriots remained in the south.
The Greek Cypriots were located to the "detention centres" (Gypsou (Famagusta), Marathovouno (Famagusta), Voni (Nicosia), Vitsadha and Dhavlos) in the north.
The Turkish Cypriots were located to the "detention centers" (Limassol) in the south. Some of the Turkish Cypriots fled to the British bases during that troubled period. The British were responsible for these Turkish Cypriots at their Akrotiri base.
On 20 September 1974, the agreement of "the exchange of prisoners and detainees" was reached between Clerides and Denktash. On 11 November 1974, Clerides and Denktash agreed the evacuation of the Greek Cypriots located at Voni and Gypsou to the south; and the evacuation was completed on 28 November. On 17 January 1975 a sub-committee on humanitarian issues was established.
The Agreement
A population exchange, as a result of the 2 August 1975 Third Vienna Agreement, was realized between Greek and Turkish Cypriots under the auspices of United Nations in August–September 1975.
The articles of the Third Vienna Agreement related to the population exchange are the following:
1. The Turkish Cypriots at present in the south of the island will be allowed, if they want to do so, to proceed north with their belongings under an organized programme and with the assistance of UNFICYP.
2. The Greek Cypriots at present in the north of the island are free to stay and that they will be given every help to lead a normal life, including facilities for education and for the practice of their religion, as well as medical care by their own doctors and freedom of movement in the north.
3. The Greek Cypriots at present in the north who, at their own request and without having been subjected to any kind of pressure, wish to move to the south, will be permitted to do so.
4. UNFICYP will have free and normal access to Greek Cypriot villages and habitations in the north.
5. In connection with the implenentation of the above agreement, priority will be given to the reunification of families, which may also involve the transfer of a number of Greek Cypriots, at present in the south, to the north.
Aftermath
196,000 Greek Cypriots living in the north were exchanged for 42,000 Turkish Cypriots living in the south; they moved to the south and the north respectively. Some Greek Cypriots in Rizokarpaso, Agios Andronikos and Agia Triada chose to stay in their villages, as did also Catholic Maronites in Asomatos, Karpasia and Kormakitis. After four decades of the exchange, about 400 Greek Cypriots stayed behind. As of 2001, there are 361 Turkish Cypriots in the south.
References
- The Voice of Blood 2 p.15th minute. Turkish Cypriots in Limassol detention center
- James Ker-Lindsay, Hubert Faustmann The Government and Politics of Cyprus, p.70
- Cyprus Conflict Parag. 17
- United Nations, Cyprus Population Exchange Agreement 02.08.1975 United Nations, Cyprus Population Exchange Agreement 02.08.1975.
- Famagusta Gazette 30.01.2014
- Katholieke Universiteit Brussel, 2004 "Euromosaic III: Presence of Regional and Minority Language Groups in the New Member States", p.18
- Famagusta Gazette 30.01.2014