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Uma Thurman
Uma Thurman in a press conference at Cannes, 2001.
Born	April 29 1970 Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Occupation(s)	Actress, model
Height	5ft 11.5 in

Uma Karuna Thurman (born April 29 1970) is an American model and Oscar-nominated film actress. After pursuing a career as a professional model during the 1980s, she moved to acting in 1988.

Thurman performs predominantly in leading roles in a variety of low-budget and major studio films, ranging from romantic comedies and dramas to science fiction and action thrillers. She is best known for her films released in the 1990s and 2000s, specifically those with director Quentin Tarantino. Her most popular films include Dangerous Liaisons (1988), Pulp Fiction (1994), Gattaca (1997), and Kill Bill (2003–04).

Early life and education

Thurman was born in Boston, Massachusetts. Her mother Nena von Schlebrugg (b. 1941) is half-Swedish and half-German, and was briefly married in 1964 to Timothy Leary after the two were introduced by Salvador Dalí. She married Thurman's father Robert Thurman in 1967.

Robert Thurman, a professor at Columbia University of Indo-Tibetan Buddhist studies, gave his children a Buddhist upbringing. Uma is named after an Uma Chenpo (in Tibetan; Mahamadhyamaka in Sanskrit, meaning 'Great Middle Way'). She has three brothers, also with names originating in Tibet: Ganden (b. 1971), Dechen (b. 1973) and Mipam (b. 1978), and one half-sister named Taya (b. 1960) from her father's previous marriage. She and her siblings also spent extended amounts of time in India as children, and the Dalai Lama would sometimes visit their home.

Since Professor Thurman moved between various universities, the family often relocated when Uma was a child. She grew up mostly in Amherst, Massachusetts and Woodstock, New York. Thurman is described as having been an awkward and introverted young girl who was frequently teased as a child for her large frame, unique angular bone structure, unusual name (sometimes using the name "Uma Karen" instead of her birth-name), and size 11 feet (Thurman's famously large feet would later be lovingly filmed by Quentin Tarantino in the films he made with her). When she was ten years old, a friend's mother suggested she receive a nose job, something that bothered her for years. It was undoubtedly one of the many incidents that led to her bout with body dysmorphic disorder, a mental disorder that involves a disturbed body image, which she discussed in an interview with Talk magazine in 2001.

Thurman attended Northfield Mount Hermon, a college preparatory boarding school in Massachusetts, and received her first acting experiences in school plays. She was unathletic and earned average grades in school, but excelled in acting at a young age. It was after performing in a production of The Crucible that she was noticed by talent scouts, and was persuaded to act professionally. Thurman left her high school to pursue an acting career in New York City and to attend the Professional Children's School, but dropped out before graduating.

Career

Early works, 1987–1989

Thurman began her career as a model at the age of fifteen, following in the footsteps of her mother and grandmother who were also former models. Standing six feet tall with a naturally lanky frame, Thurman was a successful model, and would later be featured in a layout in Glamour magazine. In 1989, Thurman appeared on the cover of Rolling Stone magazine, for the annual "Hot issue".

Thurman made her movie debut in 1988, appearing in four films in total that year. Her first two were the high school comedy Johnny Be Good and the teen thriller Kiss Daddy Goodnight at the age of seventeen, but both films were only marginally successful and failed to gain her notice. Thurman's next role was in in the film The Adventures of Baron Munchausen, playing the goddess Venus alongside Oliver Reed's Vulcan. During her entrance Thurman briefly appears nude in an homage to Botticelli's painting The Birth of Venus. With a budget of $46 million USD and box office receipts of only $8 million, the film was a commercial failure, although it has since gained an enthusiastic cult following. Her third role as Cecile de Volanges in Dangerous Liaisons was her breakthrough role, which brought Thurman to the attention of the film industry and the general public.

Actresses Glenn Close and Michelle Pfeiffer earned Oscar nominations for their performances and Thurman won an inordinate amount of attention, much more than a shy, insecure teenager could handle. Her topless scene garnered the lion's share of the attention, and this proved too much for a 19-year-old who thought she was funny-looking. Thurman fled to London for almost a year and only wore loose, baggy clothing.

Soon after the release of Dangerous Liaisons, magazines and other media outlets were eager to profile the actress, and new roles were available for her. Thurman also received praise from her co-stars of the film for her professionalism with the role. Co-star John Malkovich said of her, "There is nothing twitchy teenager-ish about her, I haven't met anyone like her at that age. Her intelligence and poise stand out. But there's something else. She's more than a little haunted."

Major works, 1990–1993

In 1990, the 19-year-old Thurman starred with Fred Ward in the sexually provocative drama film Henry & June, her first film to receive an NC-17 rating. Due to the film's restrictive rating, it never played in a wide release but would attract more attention to Thurman's career. Critics embraced Thurman in her first leading role, The New York Times wrote, "Thurman, as the Brooklyn-accented June, takes a larger-than-life character and makes her even bigger, though the performance is often as curious as it is commanding."

Thurman's first starring role in a major production was 1993's Even Cowgirls Get the Blues (directed by Gus Van Sant), although the film was a misstep for her career. The film was both a critical and financial disappointment, and Thurman was even nominated for a Worst Actress Razzie. The Washington Post described her acting as shallow, writing that, "Thurman's strangely passive characterization doesn't go much deeper than drawling and flexing her prosthetic thumbs." Thurman also starred opposite of Robert DeNiro in the crime drama Mad Dog and Glory, another box office disappointment. Later that year she auditioned for Stanley Kubrick while he was casting a script named Wartime Lies, which was never produced into a film. She described working with him as a "really bad experience."

1994–1998

After Mad Dog and Glory, Thurman auditioned for Quentin Tarantino's Pulp Fiction. Tarantino originally had no intention of casting her, after seeing her performance in Glory. He ultimately decided to cast her after having dinner with her: "And Uma and I were doing that scene. We were living the movie, all right? I left thinking, ... God, she could be Mia!'" Pulp Fiction would became one of the most successful cult hits of all time when it grossed over $107 million on a budget of only $8 million USD. The Washington Post wrote that Thurman was "serenely unrecognizable in a black wig, is marvelous as a zoned-out gangster’s girlfriend." Thurman was also nominated for the Best Supporting Actress Oscar the following year. Entertainment Weekly claimed that, "of the five women nominated in the Best Supporting Actress category this year, only can claim that her performance gave the audience fits." Thurman also became one of Tarantino's favorite actors to cast, whom he described in a 2003 issue of Time: "'s up there with Garbo and Dietrich in goddess territory."

Films of varying quality and success followed Pulp Fiction. She starred opposite of Janeane Garofalo in the moderately successful 1996 romantic comedy The Truth About Cats & Dogs as a ditzy blonde supermodel. In 1998 she starred opposite her future husband Ethan Hawke in the dystopian science fiction film Gattaca. Although Gattaca was not a major success at the box office, it drew many positive reviews and became successful on the home video market. Some critics were not as impressed with Thurman, such as the Los Angeles Times which stated she was "as emotionally uninvolved as ever".

The two biggest film flops of Thurman's career came in 1997 and 1998. She played Poison Ivy in Batman & Robin, the fourth film of the popular franchise. Batman & Robin was a large failure at the box office and became one of the largest critical flops in history. Thurman's performance in the campy film received mainly mixed reviews, and critics made comparisons to her and actor Mae West. The New York Times wrote about Thurman, "like Mae West, she mixes true femininity with the winking womanliness of a drag queen." A similar comparison was made by the Houston Chronicle: "Thurman, to arrive at a '40s femme fatale, sometimes seems to be doing Mae West by way of Jessica Rabbit." The next year brought The Avengers, another major financial and critical flop. CNN described Thurman as, "so distanced you feel like you're watching her through the wrong end of a telescope." She received Razzie award nominations for both films. She closed out 1998 with the powerful tale Les Misérables, a film version of Victor Hugo's classic novel of the same name, directed by Bille August, in which she played the role of Fantine.

Hiatus, 1998–2002

After the birth of her first child in 1998, she took a rest from major roles to concentrate on motherhood. Her next roles were in low budget and television films, including Sweet and Lowdown, Tape, Vatel, and Hysterical Blindness. Thurman won a Golden Globe award for Hysterical Blindness, a film for which she also served as executive producer. In the film she played an excitable New Jersey woman in the 1980s searching for romance. The San Francisco Chronicle review wrote, "Thurman so commits herself to the role, eyes blazing and body akimbo, that you start to believe that such a creature could exist - an exquisite looking woman so spastic and needy that she repulses regular Joes. Thurman has bent the role to her will."

2003–present

After a five year hiatus from any major film roles, Thurman returned in 2003 in John Woo's film Paycheck, and her next collaboration with Quentin Tarantino, Kill Bill. Paycheck was only moderately successful with critics and at the box office, but Kill Bill relaunched her career.

In Kill Bill she played one of the world's top assassins, out on a revenge quest against her former lover. She was offered the role on her 30th birthday from Tarantino, who wrote the part specifically for her. He also cited Thurman as his muse while writing the film, and also gave her a formal joint credit for the character of Beatrix Kiddo, whom the two conceived on the set of Pulp Fiction from the sole image of a bride covered in blood.

Production was delayed for several months after Thurman became pregnant, and her part was considered for recasting, but Tarantino decided against recasting and delayed the film's production. The film reportedly took nine months to shoot, and was filmed on location in five different countries. The role was also her most demanding to date, and she spent three months training in martial arts, swordsmanship, and Japanese language. The two-part action epic was a hit with audiences and scored highly with critics, and earned Thurman Golden Globe nominations for both entries, and three MTV Movie Awards for Best Female Performance and twice for Best Fight. Rolling Stone likened Thurman to "an avenging angel out of a 1940s Hollywood melodrama."

The main inspirations for "The Bride" were several B-movie action heroines. Thurman's main inspirations for the role were the title character of Coffy (played by Pam Grier) and the character of Gloria Swenson from Gloria (played by Gena Rowlands). She said that the two characters are "two of the only women I've ever seen be truly women holding a weapon." Coffy was screened for Thurman by Tarantino prior to beginning production on the film, to help her model the character.

By 2005, Thurman had become one of Hollywood's highest paid actresses, commanding a salary of $12.5 million USD per film. Her first film of the year was Be Cool, the sequel to 1995's Get Shorty, which reunited her with her Pulp Fiction castmate John Travolta. In the film she played the widow of a deceased music business executive. Later in 2005 she starred in the film Prime with Meryl Streep, playing a woman in her late thirties romancing a man in his early twenties. Thurman's last film of the year was a remake of The Producers in which she played Ulla, a Swedish stage actor hoping to win a part in a new Broadway musical. Originally, the producers of the film planned to have another singer dub in Thurman's musical numbers, but she was eager to do her own vocals, however it has not been confirmed if she performs all of the vocals in the film. She is credited for her songs in the credits.

With a successful film career, Thurman once again became a desired model. Cosmetics company Lancôme selected her as a spokesmodel. The company named several lipstick shades after her, but they were only sold in Asia. In 2005, she became a spokesmodel for the French fashion house Louis Vuitton.

On February 7,2006, Thurman was named as a knight of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres of France, an award for outstanding achievement in the field of art and literature.

Personal life

Relationships and family

Uma Thurman is the daughter of the Buddhist scholar Robert Thurman who was ordained a Buddhist monk in 1964 by Tenzin Gyatso, the current Dalai Lama. While living in London to avoid the Dangerous Liaisons hype, she began dating director Phil Joanou, who had just produced U2's acclaimed movie Rattle and Hum. While visiting his latest project, State Of Grace, she met British actor Gary Oldman. The two hit it off immediately – even Joanou later said it was obvious that Oldman and Thurman were meant for each other, so he stepped aside. The two were married in 1990 but the marriage only lasted two years, reportedly caused by the little time they spent together, due to their busy acting schedules.

On May 1, 1998, she married actor Ethan Hawke, after the two had met at the set of Gattaca. Prior to their engagement, Hawke had proposed twice before she accepted. Thurman herself acknowledged that they married early because she had become pregnant; at the time of their wedding she was seven months along. They have two children, daughter Maya Ray (b. July 8, 1998) and son Levon Roan (b. January 15, 2002). Hawke also dedicated his novel For Karuna to her.

In 2003, Thurman and Hawke separated, and in 2004 the couple filed for divorce. Many news outlets reported that the cause of the divorce was because Hawke had cheated on Thurman with Canadian model Jen Perzow, after he had suspected Thurman of cheating on him with Quentin Tarantino. Hawke denied that the cause of the divorce was infidelity, and that it was caused by their busy work schedules. In a 2004 Rolling Stone cover story, both Thurman and Tarantino denied ever having a romantic relationship, despite Tarantino once having told a reporter, "I'm not saying that we haven't, and I'm not saying that we have." When asked on The Oprah Winfrey Show if there was "betrayal of some kind" during the marriage, Thurman said, "There was some stuff like that at the end. We were having a difficult time, and you know how the axe comes down and how people behave and how people express their unhappiness."

She currently resides in Hyde Park, New York. In 2004, she began dating New York hotelier Andre Balazs. At one point, they lived in a loft apartment in Manhattan's SoHo neighborhood, down the street from Balazs's Mercer Hotel. In March 2006, Thurman's publicist announced that the couple had split.

Politics and opinions

Thurman also dedicates herself to a variety of political and social causes. Thurman is a supporter of the United States Democratic Party, and has made donations to the campaigns of John Kerry, Hillary Clinton, and Joseph Driscoll. She is a strong supporter of gun control laws, and in 2000, she participated in Marie Claire's "End Gun Violence Now" campaign. She also participated in Planned Parenthood's "March for Women's Lives" to support the legality of abortion.

On June 21 2006 she attended the Conference of Nobel Laureates, Petra II: A World in Danger in the Jordanian town of Petra. The conference was the second organized jointly by the King Abdullah II Development Fund and Wiesel's Foundation for Humanity. Some 25 Nobel laureates and 30 celebrities, including the Dalai Lama, attended. It was also the setting for the first "informal" meeting between Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas and Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert.

Filmography

Notes

1. ^ Tiscali Tiscali Film and TV Uma Thurman biography. Retrieved 5 January 2006.
2. Sherry Kahn.Talk. Golden Girl Uma admits to having Body Dysmorphic Disorder. 15 May 2001. Retrieved 16 February 2006.
3. Rolling Stone cover archive. Rolling Stone. Retrieved 6 April 2006.
4. IMDb business data for The Adventures of Baron Munchausen. Retrieved 6 April 2006.
5. "Dangerous Liaisons' violated beauty, Uma Thurman, 18, is a little risky herself." People Weekly 31.n5 (Feb 6, 1989)
6. Janet Maslin. "A Writer's Awakening to the Erotic". The New York Times. 5 October 1990.
7. Joe Brown. Even Cowgirls Get the Blues. The Washington Post. 20 May 1994. Retrieved 13 February 2006.
8. ^ Erik Hedegaard Rolling Stone magazine A Magnificent Obsession. April 2004. Retrieved 6 April 2006.
9. Pulp Fiction box office information. Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 6 April 2006.
10. Desson Howe. Pulp Fiction review Washington Post. 14 October 1994. Retrieved 7 February 2006.
11. Spingarn, Jed. "Uma Thurman: her piercing role in 'Pulp' is not for the fainthearted." Entertainment Weekly nSPEISS (March 1995 nSPEISS)
12. Josh Tyrangiel Time Magazine The Tao of Uma. Retrieved 5 January 2006.
13. Gattaca. Crazy for Cinema. Retrieved 6 April 2006.
14. Jack Mathews. Cautionary Tale in Genetically Pure 'Gattaca'. The Los Angeles Time. 24 October 1997. Retrieved 8 April 2006.
15. Janet Maslin. New York Times review, Batman and Robin. 20 June 1997. Retrieved 7 February 2006.
16. Jeff Millar. If you like them busy, this `Batman' is for you. Houston Chronicle. 19 June 1997. Retrieved 6 April 2006.
17. Paul Tatara. CNN. "Review: 'The Avengers' is retro-boring" 21 August 1998. Retrieved 20 February 2006.
18. A repulsive beauty in '80s Jersey Thurman's histrionics fit 'Hysterical Blindness' well. San Francisco Chronicle. 23 August 2002. Retrieved 13 February 2006.
19. ^ Kill Bill Vol. 1 DVD bonus featurette
20. Jamie Malanowski. Catching up with Uma Thurman. USA Today. 5 October 2003. Retrieved 7 February 2006.
21. Peter Travers. Kill Bill Vol. 2 review. 2004. Retrieved 7 February 2006.
22. What Made Kill Bill. MTV News. 10 June 2004. Retrieved 7 February 2006.
23. Uma Thurman IMDb salary report. Retrieved 6 April 2006.
24. WENN daily news, 1 April 2005. Retrieved 6 April 2006.
25. WENN, 29 August 2001. Retrieved 6 April 2006.
26. Sarah Hall. E! Online. "Ethan Hawke: Why We Split" 5 March 2004. Retrieved 17 February 2006.
27. Stephen M. Silverman People.com. "Uma Calls Split from Ethan 'Excruciating'" 7 October 2005. Retrieved 3 March 2006.
28. Todd Peterson People.com. "Uma Thurman and Boyfriend Split" 8 March 2006. Retrieved 8 March 2006.
29. Uma Thurman's Federal Campaign Contribution Report. News Meat. Retrieved 6 April 2006.
30. All-star Celebrity Coalition to March for Women's Lives in Washington, DC. 12 April 2004. Retrieved 6 April 2006.
31. Jordan's king calls for cure for Palestinian-Israeli conflict. 22nd June, 2006. Retrieved 25th June, 2006.

References

• AEC One Stop Group, Inc Biography Uma Thurman biography. Retrieved 5 January 2006.
• Jamie Russell Interview Uma Thurman interview - Kill Bill Vol. 1. October 2003. Retrieved 5 January 2006.
• Anwar Brett Interview Uma Thurman interview - Kill Bill Vol. 2. April 2004. Retrieved 5 January 2006.
• Paul Fischer Film Monthly For Ms. Thurman, Life is More than Just a Paycheck. 22 September 2003. Retrieved 5 January 2006.
• Roxanna Bina Independent film quarterly Interview with Uma Thurman. 8 December 2003. Retrieved 5 January 2006.
• Independent Online Uma Thurman: Pulp friction. Retrieved 5 January 2006.
• Erik Hedegaard Rolling Stone magazine A Magnificent Obsession by Erik Hedegaard. 29 April 2004. Retrieved 6 January 2005.
• Sean Chavel UGO Uma Thurman interview. October 2003. Retrieved 6 January 2006.
• The Real Dick Hollywood Uma Thurman on... FilmJerk.com. Retrieved 1 February 2006.

External links

2. Part 2

• Uma Thurman at IMDb
• Uma Thurman yearbook photos See what Uma looked like in kindergarten and seventh grade

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• 1970 births
• American film actors
• Autodidacts
• Batman actors
• Best Supporting Actress Oscar Nominee
• Buddhists
• Living people
• Bostonians
• Worst Actress Razzie nominees
• Worst Supporting Actress Razzie nominees
• Swedish-Americans
• German-Americans