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Template:New unreviewed article The term dialects hilalians means the bedouin dialects spoken in North Africa. It thus refers to the different contexts, two kinds of dialects categories:

• dialects pre-hilalians ;
• dialects post-hilalians ;

Etymology

We use the term dialects hilalians in reference to the Banu Hilal, a nomadic people who migrated to North Africa in the middle of the eleventh century under the leadership of the Fatimids.

With pre-existing sedentary Arabic dialects (called pre-hilalians), post-hilalians dialects is the category of the Maghrebi Arabic.

Pronunciation

Some differences between the two pronunciations, inter dental are lightened (hilalians / pre-hilalians) : dh is pronnonce in instead of  ; we pronnonce in th instead of or  ; we pronnonce d in instead of  ; also pronnonce in . Modal this qa is specific to the pre-hilalians dialects, example : yekhdam / ka yekhdam (this work) and taε / dyal (possessive). Confusion between the feminine and the masculine in pre-hilalians dialects : fhemti ? (you understand ?). A Hilalians say fhemt to a man.

Variations and distributions

These post-hilalians mixed dialects and variants resulting from mixed populations are found in the western plains of Morocco (Doukkala, Chaouia, Rhamna, Sraghna, Tadla) and Mauritanian desert environment - hence the dialects of the Banu Hassan - Libyan regions (Cyrenaica) through eastern Morocco, the high plateaux and the Algerian coast (excluding Kabylia and Aures) and Tunisia.

Nevertheless, several enclaves original pre-hilali exist in this space, including the ancient cities dialects as the imperial cities or first appeared, as is the case in Fez, Tlemcen and Tunis, and spaces villagers dialects as the eastern part of the Lesser Kabylia.

These fall into four distinctes, category:

• Dialects of Banu Sulaym in the Libyan desert in southern Tunisia ;
• Dialects of the Banu Hilal oriental, in central Tunisia and eastern Algeria ;
• Dialects of the Banu Hilal central, central and southern Algeria ;
• Dialects of Banu Hilal and Banu Maqil, in the west of Algeria and Morocco.

The Hassanya Arabic resulting from the invasion of the area by Arabs populations of South Arabia, is also joined in the category of dialects Maqil.

They strongly influenced some urban dialects such as Tripoli and Marrakech.

References

1. Kees Versteegh, Dialects of Arabic : Maghreb Dialects, TeachMideast.org
2. Mélissa Barkat, « Les dialectes Maghrébins » (lien), dans: Détermination d'indices acoustiques robustes pour l'identification automatique des parlers arabes, Thèse, Université Lumière Lyon 2 (2000)

• Ethnic groups in the Middle East
• Ethnic groups in Africa