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Christopher Gillberg

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Christopher Gillberg (born 19 April 1950) is a professor of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at Gothenburg University in Gothenburg, Sweden, and at the medical college of St George's, University of London. He has also been a visiting professor at the universities of Bergen, New York, Odense, and San Fransisco.

Gillberg is known for his research of autism in children, Asperger syndrome, DAMP, and ADHD. He is the founding editor of the journal European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. He is author and editor of several scientific and educational books, and he has authored or co-authored more than 300 scientific papers listed in Medline. He is also the recipient of several scientific awards.

There have been some controversies related to Gillberg's Gothenburg study. Gillberg was alleged to have fabricated much of the data in the study. In 2004, a court ordered Gillberg to make the data available for independent scrutiny. Gillberg's wife and two other co-workers then deliberately destroyed most of the data, arguing that to obey the court order would violate promises of confidentiality that had been made to the study's subjects. Investigation of the allegations was thereby made infeasible.


Autism in children

Gillberg is widely recognized as a world-leading expert on autism in children. His research in this area includes study on virtually all aspects.


Gillberg's criteria for Asperger's syndrome

Gillberg's criteria are as follows (all six criteria must be met for confirmation of diagnosis).

  1. Severe impairment in reciprocal social interaction (at least two of the following)
    1. inability to interact with peers
    2. lack of desire to interact with peers
    3. lack of appreciation of social cues
    4. socially and emotionally inappropriate behavior
  2. All-absorbing narrow interest (at least one of the following)
    1. exclusion of other activities
    2. repetitive adherence
    3. more rote than meaning
  3. Imposition of routines and interests (at least one of the following)
    1. on self, in aspects of life
    2. on others
  4. Speech and language problems (at least three of the following)
    1. delayed development
    2. superficially perfect expressive language
    3. formal, pedantic language
    4. odd prosody, peculiar voice characteristics
    5. impairment of comprehension including misinterpretations of literal/implied meanings
  5. Non-verbal communication problems (at least one of the following)
    1. limited use of gestures
    2. clumsy/gauche body language
    3. limited facial expression
    4. inappropriate expression
    5. peculiar, stiff gaze
  6. Motor clumsiness: poor performance on neurodevelopmental examination

These criteria are are not internationally-accepted criteria (such as those given in DSM-IV ) used by most other researchers and clinicians. Gillberg has been critcized for defining his own "unique" criteria, especially because they make it difficult to compare different studies of Asperger's syndrome.


The Gothenburg Study: controversies

Main article: Gillberg's Gothenburg study

Gillberg's Gothenburg study is a DAMP-related study of 141 Swedish people, beginning when they were about six years old and lasting until adulthood. Gillberg stated that the study showed roughly ten percent of all children have DAMP or other related psychiatric problems. The results regarding DAMP have been criticised by the sociologist Eva Kärfve, at the University of Lund, and the Swedish pediatrician Leif Elinder. Kärfve and Elinder alleged that Gillberg had forged much of the study data. Gothenburg University decided not to request an investigation of the allegations. Kärfve and Elinder (as private persons) then demanded access to the research material behind the Gothenburg study about DAMP, but the university denied them this. They then took the matter to court, where it was decided that the two critics would be allowed to access some of the research material, although the material on patients falls under privacy restrictions.

In May 2004, Gillberg's wife and two other co-workers destroyed the 12–27 years old research material, claiming that the privacy of the participating patients would have been violated had it been handed to Kärfve and Elinder. In June 2005, Gillberg and the rector of Gothenburg University were convicted for not handing the material over to Kärfve and Elinder.


Gillberg's publications (selected)

Books

  • Gillberg, Christopher (1981). Neuropsychiatric aspects of perceptual, motor and attentional deficits in seven-year-old Swedish children. Uppsala: Uppsala University. ISBN 9155412122.
  • Gillberg, Christopher; Coleman, Mary (2000). The biology of the autistic syndromes (third edition). MacKeith Press. ISBN 1898683220.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Gillberg, Christopher (editor) (1989). Diagnosis and treatment of autism. New York: Plenum Press. ISBN 0306434814. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  • Gillberg, Christopher (1995). Clinical Child Neuropsychiatry. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521543355.
  • Gillberg, Christopher; Peeters, Theo (1998). Autism: medical and educational aspects. London: Whurr. ISBN 0521543355.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Gillberg, Christopher (2002). A Guide to Asperger Syndrome. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521001838.
  • Gillberg, Christopher; Harrington, Richard; Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph (2006). A clinician's handbook of child and adolescent psychiatry. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521819367.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Some of these books are also available in other languages.

Journal articles

Ehlers, Stefan (November 1993). "The epidemiology of Asperger Syndrome: a total population study". Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines. 34. The Association for Child Psychology and Psychiatry: 1327–1350. ISSN 0021-9630. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

Gillberg, Christopher (1993). "The Emanuel Miller Memorial Lecture 1991—Autism and autistic-like conditions: subclasses among disorders of empathy". Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines. 33: 813–842.

Gillberg, Christopher (1998). "Chromosomal disorders and autism" (PDF). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 28: 415–425.

Gillberg, Christopher (1999). "Autism and Asperger syndrome in seven-year-old childrent" (PDF). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 29: 327–331.

Kadesjo, Bjorn (2003). "Deficits in attention, motor control, and perception: a brief review". Archives of Disease in Childhood. 88: 904–910. doi:10.1136/adc.88.10.904. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

Landgren, Magnus (September 1998). "Attention deficit disorder with developmental coordination disorders". Archives of Disease in Childhood. 79: 207–212. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

Philippe, Anne (May 1999). "Genome-wide scan for autism susceptibility genes". Human Molecular Genetics. 8 (5). Oxford University Press: 805–812. doi:10.1093/hmg/8.5.805. ISSN 1460-2083. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)


Notes

  1. ^ Munk-Jørgensen, P. (August 2003), "Biographies", Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 108: 160, doi:10.1034/j.1600-0447.2003.00154.x. ISSN 0001-690X
  2. Gillberg I.C., Gillberg C., (July 1989) "Asperger syndrome-some epidemiological considerations: A research note", J Child Psychol Psychiatry 30(4):631-8. PMID 2670981
  3. Attwood, Tony. Asperger's Syndrome: A Guide for Parents and Professionals. Jessica Kingsley, London, 1997. ISBN 1853025771, pp. 195-196.
  4. American Psychiatric Association (2000),"Diagnostic criteria for 299.80 Asperger's Disorder", Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, Fourth edition (Washington).
  5. Klin A., Pauls D., Schultz R., Volkmar F. (April 2005), "Three Diagnostic Approaches to Asperger Syndrome", Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 35: 221-234. doi:10.1007/s10803-004-2001-y.
  6. White, Caroline (10 July 2004), "Destruction of data prompts calls for Swedish agency to investigate research misconduct, British Medical Journal, 329: 72.

External links

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