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List of expeditions of Muhammad

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This list of battles by Muhammad, also includes a list of battles by Muhammad's order and comprises information about casualties, objectives, and nature of the military expeditions ordered by Muhammad, as well as the primary sources which mention the battles.

List of Battles

Key/Legend

  Ghazwah (expeditions which he ordered and took part (27))

No. Name Date Notable primary sources
1 Invasion of Waddan August 623
2 Invasion of Buwat October 623
3 Invasion of Dul Ashir December 623
4 Invasion of Safwan 623
5 Battle of Badr March 624
6 Invasion of Sawiq 624
7 Invasion of Banu Qaynuqa February 624
8 Al Kudr Invasion May 624
9 Invasion of Thi Amr September 624
10 Invasion of Bahran 624
11 Battle of Uhud March 23 625
12 Invasion of Hamra al-Asad March 625
13 Invasion of Banu Nadir August 625
14 Expedition of Dhat al-Riqa October 625 or 627
15 Invasion of Badr January 626 or March 625
16 Invasion of Dumatul Jandal July 626
17 Battle of the Trench February 627
18 Invasion of Banu Qurayza February–March 627
19 Invasion of Banu Lahyan September 627
20 Treaty of Hudaybiyyah March 628
  • ,
  • Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2
21 Conquest of Fidak May 628
22 Battle of Khaybar May/June 628
23 Third Expedition of Wadi al Qura May 628
24 Conquest of Mecca December 629
25 Battle of Hunayn January 630
26 Battle of Autas 630
27 Siege of Ta'if January 630
28 Battle of Tabouk October 630

Notes

  • Ibn Hisham edited the biography of Muhammad written by Ibn Ishaq. Ibn Ishaq's work is lost and is now only known in the recensions of Ibn Hisham and al-Tabari. Therefore, when Ibn Hisham is mentioned as a primary source, so is Ibn Ishaq

See also

Template:Misplaced Pages books

References

  1. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 4. ASIN B0007JAWMK. august 623 Then occurred the sariyyah of Sa'd Ibn Abi Waqqa towards al-Kharar in Dhu al-Qa'dah (May–June 623 AC)
  2. Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 12, ISBN 978-0887063442, In Safar (which began August 4, 623), nearly twelve months after his arrival in Medina on the twelfth of Rabi' al- Awwal, he went out on a raid as far as Waddan
  3. The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. 1998. p. 345. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  4. Muhammad Siddique Qureshi (1989), Foreign policy of Hadrat Muhammad (SAW), Islamic Publications, p. 118.
  5. Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 13, ISBN 978-0887063442, Expeditions Led by Muhammad Then the Messenger of God led an expedition in Rabi' al-Akhir (which began October 2, 623) in search of Quraysh. He went as far as Buwat
  6. The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. 1998. p. 285. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  7. ^ Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman Al (2005), The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet, Darussalam Publications, p. 245, ISBN 978-9960899558
  8. The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. 1998. pp. 285–286. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  9. The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. 1998. p. 286. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  10. Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 12, ISBN 978-0887063442, Some say the Battle of Badr took place on 19 Ramadan (March 15, 624).
  11. Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 133-138. (online)
  12. Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 137. (online)
  13. The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. 1998. p. 210. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  14. Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. xiii, ISBN 978-0887063442
  15. The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. 1998. p. 361. Raid called al-Sawiq {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  16. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 33–34. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  17. Muhammad Siddique Qureshi (1989), Foreign policy of Hadrat Muhammad (SAW), Islamic Publications, p. 254.
  18. Sāzmān-i Tablīghāt-i Islāmī (1987), Al-Tawḥīd, vol. 5, Tehran, Iran: Islamic Propagation Organization, International Relations Dept, p. 86
  19. Rodwell, JM, The Koran, Phoenix, p. 342, ISBN 978-1-8421-2609-7, This was the taunt of the jews of the tribe of Kainoka, when Muhammad demanded tribute of them in the name of God.
  20. Abū Khalīl, Shawqī (2003). Atlas of the Quran. Dar-us-Salam. p. 248. ISBN 978-9-9608-9754-7.(online)
  21. A Reader on classical Islam. Princeton University Press. 1993. p. 78. ISBN 978-0691000404. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  22. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir. Vol. 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 32. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  23. Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 86, ISBN 978-0887063442
  24. William Muir (1861), The life of Mahomet, Smith, Elder and co, p. 140
  25. The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. 1998. p. 659. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  26. Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 100, ISBN 978-0887063442
  27. Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press. 1956. p. 17. ISBN 978-0195773071. {{cite book}}: External link in |title= (help); Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help) (free online)
  28. Strauch, Sameh (2006), Biography of the Prophet, Darussalam Publications, p. 472, ISBN 9789960980324
  29. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir. Vol. 2. Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 40–41. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  30. Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 153. (online)
  31. The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. 1998. p. 362. Raid of al Furu of Bahran {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  32. William Montgomery Watt (1961), Muhammad, Prophet and Statesman, Oxford University Press, p. 135, ISBN 0198810784, The Battle of Uhud (23rd March 625) About...
  33. Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 105, ISBN 978-0887063442, Messenger of God to Uhud. This is said to have been on Saturday, 7 Shaw- wal, in Year Three of the Hijrah (March 23, 625).
  34. Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , p. 292.
  35. Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , pp. 299-300.
  36. Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , p. 296 (footnote 2).
  37. Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press. 1956. p. 34. ISBN 978-0195773071. The expeditions to Hamra' al-Asad and Qatan (March and June 625) {{cite book}}: External link in |title= (help); Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help) (free online)
  38. Ibn Kathir, Saed Abdul-Rahman (2009), Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 4 (Part 4): Al-I-Imran 93 to An-Nisaa 23 2nd Edition, MSA Publication Limited, p. 89, ISBN 9781861796820(online)
  39. Ibn Ishaq, A. Guillaume (translator) (2002), The Life of Muhammad (Sirat Rasul Allah), Oxford University Press, pp. 461–464, ISBN 978-0-19-636033-1 {{citation}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  40. Peters, Muhammad and the Origins of Islam, p. 222-224.
  41. Stillman, The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book, pp. 137-141.
  42. Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 181-183. (online)
  43. Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman, Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 4 (Part 4): Al-I-Imran 93 to An-Nisaa 23 2nd Edition, p. 89, MSA Publication Limited, 2009, ISBN 186179682X
  44. The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. 1998. p. 390. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  45. Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 161, ISBN 978-0887063442, The Messenger of God remained in Medina after the expedition against the Banu al-Nadir for the two months of Rabi' and part of the month of Jumada (from August 1 1 to late October, 625)
  46. Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 189. (online)
  47. World religions and norms of war. United Nations University Press. 2009. p. 296. ISBN 9789280811636. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  48. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 192. (online)
  49. Tabari, Al (25 Sep 1990), The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma’il Qurban Husayn), State University of New York Press{{citation}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
  50. ^ Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 161, ISBN 978-0887063442
  51. Muir, William (1861), The life of Mahomet, Smith, Elder & Co, p. 224
  52. ^ Hawarey, Dr. Mosab (2010). The Journey of Prophecy; Days of Peace and War (Arabic). Islamic Book Trust. ISBN 9789957051648. {{cite book}}: External link in |first= (help)Note: Book contains a list of battles of Muhammad in Arabic, English translation available here
  53. ^ Abū Khalīl, Shawqī (2003). Atlas of the Quran. Dar-us-Salam. p. 242. ISBN 978-9960897547. {{cite book}}: External link in |title= (help)(online)
  54. Muir, William (1861), The life of Mahomet, Smith, Elder & Co, pp. 220–222
  55. Muir, William (1861), The life of Mahomet, Smith, Elder & Co, p. 222 See footnote
  56. Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 193. (online)
  57. Muir, William (1861), The life of Mahomet, Smith, Elder & Co, pp. 225–226
  58. The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. 1998. p. 657. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  59. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir. Vol. 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 76. ASIN B0007JAWMK. Ghazwah of the Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, to Dumat Al-Jandal
  60. Muhammad Siddique Qureshi (1989), Foreign policy of Hadrat Muhammad (SAW), Islamic Publications, p. 216.
  61. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 196-198.
  62. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir. Vol. 2. Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 82–84. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  63. William Muir (2003), The life of Mahomet, Kessinger Publishing, p. 317, ISBN 9780766177413
  64. Ibn Kathir, Saed Abdul-Rahman (2009), Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz'21, MSA Publication Limited, p. 213, ISBN 9781861796110(online)
  65. Ibn Kathir, Saed Abdul-Rahman (2009), Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz'21, MSA Publication Limited, p. 213, ISBN 9781861796110(online)
  66. Muhammad Husayn Haykal, The Life of Muhammad, p. 338.
  67. Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein (translator) (1997), Volume 8, Victory of Islam, State University of New York Press, pp. 35–36, ISBN 9780791431504 {{citation}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  68. Yahiya ibn Sharaf al-Nawawi (2005), Riyad-us Saliheen, Islamic Books See no. 1309
  69. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 97. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  70. Emory C. Bogle (1998), Islam: origin and belief, University of Texas Press, p. 19.
  71. Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 214-215.
  72. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 211. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  73. ^ Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 180. ISBN 978-9960897714.(online)
  74. Tafsir ibn Kathir (abridged), Pg 554, By Ibn Kathir, Translation by Saifur Rahman al Mubarakpuri, also see Tafsir ibn Kathir 59:7, Text Version
  75. Ibn Kathir, Saifur Rahman al-Mubarakpuri (translator), Tafsir ibn Kathir (abridged), p. 555 (footnote 1 & 2).
  76. Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press. 1956. p. 2. ISBN 978-0195773071. Muhammad had thus a straightforward reason for attacking Khaybar. The moment he chose for the attack May /June 628 (i/y) shortly after his return from the expedition of al-Hudaybiyah was one when it was also convenient for him to have booty to distribute to his followers whose expectations had recently been disappointed. {{cite book}}: External link in |title= (help); Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help) (free online)
  77. Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , p. 432.
  78. Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , pp. 433-434.
  79. Tabari, Al (25 Sep 1990), The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma’il Qurban Husayn), State University of New York Press, enumerating with them the expedition of Wadi al-Qura. He stated that he fought there with his slave Mid'am{{citation}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
  80. Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 218. ISBN 978-9960897714.
  81. Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 251-253.
  82. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 165–174. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  83. Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 226. ISBN 978-9960897714.
  84. ^ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 261-262. (online)
  85. Tabari, Ella Landau-Tasseron (translator) Biographies of the Prophet's companions and their successors, State University of New York (SUNY) Press, 1998, p. 101, ISBN 0791428192, Part of the events of Hunayn in the year 8/630 {{citation}}: Check |url= value (help)
  86. Chapters on marriage and divorce: responses of Ibn Ḥanbal and Ibn Rāhwayh. University of Texas Press. 1993. p. 38. ISBN 9780292776722. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  87. Saed Abdul-Rahman, Muhammad (11 November 2009), Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 5 (Part 5): An-Nisaa 24 to An-Nisaa 147, MSA Publication Ltd, p. 24, ISBN 9781861795632 (online) Quote: ""We captured some women from the area of Awtas who were already married, and we disliked having sexual relations with them because they already had husbands. So, we asked the Prophet about this matter, and this Ayah was revealed"
  88. Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 194. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  89. Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman Al (2005), The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet, Darussalam Publications, p. 481, ISBN 978-9960899558 Note: Shawwal 8AH is January 630AD
  90. The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. 1998. p. 591. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  91. Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 239. ISBN 978-9960897714.
  92. Saed Abdul-Rahman, Muhammad (29 October 2009). The Meaning And Explanation Of The Glorious Qur'an (Vol 4), Tafsir ibn Kathir. MSA Publication Ltd. p. 107. ISBN 978-1861796509.
  93. Saed Abdul-Rahman, Muhammad (29 October 2009). The Meaning And Explanation Of The Glorious Qur'an (Vol 4), Tafsir ibn Kathir. MSA Publication Ltd. p. 137. ISBN 978-1861796509.
  94. Kathryn Kueny, The Rhetoric of Sobriety: Wine in Early Islam, pg. 59. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2001. ISBN 9780791490181
  95. Ibn Khaldun, Muqaddimah, vol. 2, pg. 298. Trns. Franz Rosenthal. Issue 43 of Bollingen Series (General) Series. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1967. ISBN 9780691097978

Bibliography

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