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July 12

Diabetic Prime Ministers

Is Theresa May the first Type-I diabetic to become Prime Minister of a G-7 nation? RomanSpa (talk) 22:10, 12 July 2016 (UTC)

Your selection seems extraordinarily specific. I assume the Chancellor of Germany is counted as the Prime Minister, but you're still excluding the President of the US and any US leader. And for France, you're including the Prime Minister of France but not the President of France. In addition, it's not clear whether you want to include the G7 countries during the time they were G7+1 or G8 or before they were G7. This source does claim that she's the first world leader, but I somewhat doubt they'be actually looked into every world leader for the past 50-100 years. (Of course if you go back far enough, it will not be clear if it was type 1 or 2. 2 may be more likely but Theresa May herself perhaps illustrates the risk of assuming which one by factors such as age rather than a proper diagnosis.) Nil Einne (talk) 05:51, 13 July 2016 (UTC)

I selected the G-7 because it restricted the search area to a manageable size, and because I did not want to precipitate one of the Reference Desk's discussions on "what would constitute a 'major' country". If you wish to include non-Prime Ministerial heads of government, that would be helpful. RomanSpa (talk) 00:53, 14 July 2016 (UTC)

Trouble is selecting G7 doesn't explain the time frame and it also doesn't explain what to do when the there was no G7 but G8 etc. Also, nonr of this explains the reason to limit it to Prime Ministers. Nil Einne (talk) 02:54, 17 July 2016 (UTC)

While perhaps the RD can be excessively pedantic at times, this seems to be a clear cut example of why we seek clarity when questions are unclear or strange. I don't think there's ever a time since say 1960 that I would personally have included the Italian PM as a world leader but not include the Indian or Chinese let alone Soviet Union/Russia (who were only ever a member of the G7+1 and G8 never the G7) leaders as world leaders. There's nothing wrong if your view is different but simply asking "world leaders" would easily lead to answers which aren't what you're looking for simply because people will have different views. G7 may help slightly but as I explained above, it's still fairly unclear as a recent organisation which has changed over time what you're referring to. A better question would be to list the countries or say the current G7 membership and give a time period since realisticly countries have changed (including Germany very recently which ideally should be dealt with) and more importanly as explained it's difficult to know if someone 200 years ago had type 1 diabetes. The other issue which this questions also exemplifies is that while we can take a question at face value, sometimes their nature suggests the implications haven't really been thought through. like excluding the US. So it's often resonable to ask if this is really what was meant. We risk fault every way. E.g. If we include the US perhaps we get blamed for giving an unwanted answer as this was excluded intentionally. If we exclude the US we get blamed for being excessively pedantic and following the question as worded rather than what was supposedly obviously meant. If we ask before answering we get faulted in a similar way. Nil Einne (talk) 04:38, 17 July 2016 (UTC)

• Several Soviet/Russian premiers had diabetes - mostly type 2, but it's unclear what type Yuri Andropov had. Russia is currently suspended from the G7/8, and of course was not a member when the Soviet Union was still around. This list of politicians with diabetes may help. Smurrayinchester 09:34, 13 July 2016 (UTC)

Thank you for this list. As you said, many of these appear to be Type-2, but (although not a Prime Minister) it was interesting to read that Sonia Sotomayor is the first Type-1 Supreme Court Justice. RomanSpa (talk) 01:01, 14 July 2016 (UTC)

According to diabetes.org.uk, diabetes.co.uk and jdrf.org.uk she is the first world leader with type 1 and not just a G7 PM. CambridgeBayWeather, Uqaqtuq (talk), Sunasuttuq 01:23, 14 July 2016 (UTC)

Thank you, this is exactly what I wanted to know. In case you're interested, my nephew now has a picture of Theresa May pinned to his bedroom wall! Thank you for your help with this. RomanSpa (talk) 10:39, 14 July 2016 (UTC)

Well I linked to the JRDF site above but as I also said I would be very hesitant to trust such a sweeping statement. Diabetes.co.uk doesn't seem any better. I fairly doubt they've actually looked at every single world leader including determining the best evidence for those who had diabetes but the type is unknown. The privacy of health issues also varies from person to person, and place to place even within the G7. E.g. Not G7 but I see some mention of diabetes in relation to Jacob Zuma but can't seem to find any sources confirming he has been diagnosed with diabetes or whether it pre-diabetec or the sources are simply wrong. Let alone what sort of diabetes he has. (As said above it's likely we either don't know e.g. Yuri Andropov seems an example of this. Or even what we think we know is wrong simply because rather than a proper diagnosis, assumption were made e.g are we sure we would know May was type 1 40-50 years ago?) I fairly doubt the JRDF would have been able to find much more abour Zuma, let alone know abour health issues of any of the 3 Kims and these are just two examples. The JRDF may have more success with the G7, but how much effort did they really spend particularly since they said all and weren't restricting thrmselves to G7? And even if we restrict it to when the G7 existed (so excluding G8 time), maybe the nature of the UK politics means all would have been known. Are we sure this applies to Germany or France? For France at least, history has shown various things can remain private if no one thinks it matters even if plenty in the media etc know. Maybe you don't care if your nephew believes this even if the evidence is very unreliable and that's none of our business but since this is the reference desk I think it's fair to ask ourselves whether we actually have reliable references and the answer IMO remains no. To put it a different way, if someone was trying to add this to an article based on available sourcing I would be strongly opposed. Nil Einne (talk) 02:54, 17 July 2016 (UTC)

July 13

Louis Farrakahn

Help

I probably shouldn't bother, given that this question is hatted and the remark is off-topic anyway, but just for @Baseball Bugs:' edification (or anyone else's who doesn't know), when an IP address geolocates to the United States, but not to any more specific location than that, the geolocate page puts it in Kansas, which is the geographic center of the Lower 48. --Trovatore (talk) 21:03, 13 July 2016 (UTC)

Our article also suggests the coach took medical leave in January last year and as per one of the sources used, permanently left the NC team in March of last year. Even ignoring geolocation issues, I don't see how we know where the coach is or what they're doing in July 2016. Although as with many here I'm sure, I hope they're doing well. (If someone does find something, unless it's well sourced please don't add it to the article.) Nil Einne (talk) 23:03, 13 July 2016 (UTC)

Wine questions

First, I have been told that the colour of wine is not a product of the colour of the grapes used, but the presence or absence of the skins (skins lead to red wine). Is this quite correct?

Second, I generally prefer New World wines, but particularly enjoy sparkling wines, such as Champagne, Prosecco and Cava, which are Old World wines. Are New World equivalents (equivalent in the sense of being sparkling) available in the UK, and what are they called?--Leon (talk) 17:32, 13 July 2016 (UTC)

1) No, that's not entirely correct. If you use white grapes, which actually look green, but their juice is clear, you won't get a red wine. But, the color is indeed in the skin, so you will need to include the skins from black or red grapes to get red wine.

2) "Sparkling wine" is the general term for that type of wine that avoids any legal consequences of calling it Champagne, which, understandably, those in the Champagne region of France think should be only used for their sparkling wines. StuRat (talk) 19:07, 13 July 2016 (UTC)

Yes, but do we get sparkling New World wines in the UK, and what are their names? I would like to try some.--Leon (talk) 19:30, 13 July 2016 (UTC)

I googled '"new world" sparkling wine site:.uk' and found lots of ads. However I also found this and, rather less relevant, this. Thincat (talk) 20:08, 13 July 2016 (UTC)

I like this wine https://www.wolfblass.com/en-gb/wines/sparkling-brut/pinot-noir-chardonnay and it's easily obtained in supermarkets and wine shops. --TrogWoolley (talk) 11:35, 14 July 2016 (UTC)

It has been shown that experts can fail to identify the origins of various wines (they are all made grapes from species, Vitis vinefera grapes). For real New World wines, look for wines made from New World species of grapes which have distinctly different tastes (mostly Vitis labrusca but also Vitis rotundifolia and others). These are less commonly available. Rmhermen (talk) 21:34, 14 July 2016 (UTC)

DICE

В надежде увидеть в проекте DICE историчность. А так-же не допустить несправедливого передела ролей стран Антанты и Тройственного Союза на фронтах ПМВ. Российская Империя, а позже Республика Россия вместе с Францией являлись главенствующими державами в данном конфликте, наравне с Британской империей, Автро-Венгрией, Германией, Италией и Турцией. Я считаю крайним проявлением варварства и кощунства обходить одну сторону конфликта в угоду другой. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.42.208.137 (talk) 18:37, 13 July 2016 (UTC)

If Google Translate is to be trusted, this posting is about the Entente Cordiale and the Triple Alliance (1882), but it doesn't appear to contain a question. If there is a question here, please can you ask it in English? A machine translation will probably be enough for us to work with. Tevildo (talk) 20:40, 13 July 2016 (UTC)

Or maybe ask it at the Reference Desk in the appropriate language, if one exists. Our ref desk front page has links to other languages. --71.110.8.102 (talk) 22:32, 13 July 2016 (UTC)

I translate thus: "I wish to see the historical concept used on Russian TV-Tsentr television (which should not allow) unfair revision of the roles of the Entente countries and the Triple Alliance on the PRC fronts. The Russian Empire and later the Republic of Russia, together with France were the main powers in this conflict, along with the British Empire, CPS(?), Austro-Hungary, Germany, Italy and Turkey. I believe the extreme manifestation of the conflict's barbarism is biased one-sidedly in favor of one side." AllBestFaith (talk) 23:12, 13 July 2016 (UTC)

Bedroll

I visited a few days ago after being directed here from somewhere else (don't ask me where, at this point), and discovered a page about Old West bedrolls. I wanted to improve upon it because the West is my major area of expertise. Now all I can find is a redirect page that takes me to "sleeping bag," which is not the same thing. What became of the entry? I distinctly remember it; it even had a picture. If it's gone, how can I create one myself?

I suppose you have some way of knowing who I am, but if you don't, I'm chrijeff.

Chrijeff (talk) 20:05, 13 July 2016 (UTC)

Bedroll has been a redirect to sleeping bag since August 2007 — see the history. So it's hard to guess what you found.

Definitely you can change the redirect to a standalone article if you like. There's always the possibility that others won't agree and will merge it back into the sleeping bag article, but you can do it.

For an article, even a very short one, you should have at least one reliable source backing up whatever claims you make. That might not be enough to save it from getting merged, if others don't agree that the topic has independent notability. --Trovatore (talk) 20:12, 13 July 2016 (UTC)

We have an article Cowboy Bedroll with a picture. Could that be what you were looking at? Thincat (talk) 22:00, 13 July 2016 (UTC)

I took the liberty of adding Cowboy bedroll to 'See also' section of Sleeping bag. Should Bedroll redirect to Cowboy bedroll instead of Sleeping bag (my vote is "yes")? --2606:A000:4C0C:E200:3994:3C44:6154:DBD2 (talk) 02:55, 14 July 2016 (UTC)

I changed redirect (as above). 02:58, 14 July 2016 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2606:A000:4C0C:E200:3994:3C44:6154:DBD2 (talk)

• Cowboy bedroll seems like it is copied from one of the refs, which is presently a deadlink but can be seen on the Internet Archive at . Doesn't this appear to be a copyvio? It is not a straight cut and paste, but many sentences contain the same phrasing, without quotation marks to show they are lifted from the source. Edison (talk) 15:49, 15 July 2016 (UTC)
  • So all the more reason for User:Chrijeff to improve the article (and, indeed, rewrite it). Thincat (talk) 18:23, 15 July 2016 (UTC)

July 14

What fruit is this?

I'm from India and I've never seen this fruit before. I found this in my office in Poland and picked it up thinking it's an apple. But it had fuzzy skin and a hard stone inside (you can see it in the bottom corner of the photo here https://s31.postimg.org/hjlqnfjd7/20160714_073058_1.jpg). It was kept in a basket along with bananas in the kitchen. Can anybody identify the fruit? It got soft and mushy when I started cutting into it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.254.226.113 (talk) 05:42, 14 July 2016 (UTC)

A peach. ---Sluzzelin talk 05:55, 14 July 2016 (UTC)

Just looking at the picture, I would have said a nectarine (on the basis of the dark skin colour) - though fuzzy skin would suggest a peach. Wymspen (talk) 08:23, 14 July 2016 (UTC)

It is definitely something from the peach/nectarine family (fuzzy are usually peaches and smooth usually nectarines). It also looks unripe. Peaches especially have a very short window when they are perfect to eat; you usually buy them unripe and let them finish ripening at home. A ripe peach sold ripe enough to eat is often past ripe by the time you get it home from the market. Peaches should be soft and very juicy when perfect (like bite into it and juice runs down your chin). A peach wouldn't hold it's shape when cut with a knife. If you buy them again, keep them in a brown paper bag for a day or two on your counter (never refrigerate) and check them once in a while. If it feels hard like an apple they aren't ready yet. As soon as the skin yields to pressure from your thumb, they are usually ready, and then you've only got a day or two of good eating. http://www.wikihow.com/Ripen-Peaches Incidentally, a perfectly ripe peach is a life-changingly delicious thing. They have a fragrance and taste which is unimaginably wonderful. --Jayron32 13:40, 15 July 2016 (UTC)

Slightly more specifically, it's a clingstone peach (as described in the cultivar section of our article). Matt Deres (talk) 15:18, 15 July 2016 (UTC)

BTW, I wouldn't slice such a soft fruit, as a ripe peach, since all the tasty juices leak out. Instead I use the "vampire method". That is, I bite in, suck the juices out, then bite off a chunk. Repeat this process with each bite, until done. StuRat (talk) 21:50, 15 July 2016 (UTC)

As the poet says: "Shall I part my hair behind? Do I dare to eat a peach? I shall wear white flannel trousers, and walk upon the beach." (T. S. Elliott, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock). Alansplodge (talk) 22:34, 15 July 2016 (UTC)

"Parting your hair behind" is less disturbing than parting your behind hair, but then again, you do have a natural starting point. :-) StuRat (talk) 17:29, 16 July 2016 (UTC)

Quality of life

Where can I find evidence that the quality of life of an average person in soviet russia was worse the US, at its peak. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 190.207.186.185 (talk) 18:29, 14 July 2016 (UTC)

I'm reminded of something Will Rogers said: "In Russia, they ain't got no income tax. But they ain't got no income!" ←Baseball Bugs carrots→ 18:32, 14 July 2016 (UTC)

I'm reminded of something German comedian (yes, that's a thing) Volker Pispers said – roughly translated: "We all remember those terrible images of homeless people with no teeth. Oh, I'm sorry, that was the US. In the GDR, people had no bananas." Rgds ✦ _hugarheimur 19:11, 14 July 2016 (UTC)

So, has BB ever lived in, or even visited, Russia?--86.187.174.181 (talk) 23:28, 14 July 2016 (UTC)

Soviet Union and some subarticles has some information. It was a violent authoritarian spartan country where most would be better off American but there must be a minority of Americans who would've been better off there. Might be better to be born in Moscow than Compton. Maybe. In Soviet Russia, life qualities YOU! Sagittarian Milky Way (talk) 01:32, 15 July 2016 (UTC)

I gather that life in Russia is not so bad as it was in the USSR. For example, people can actually leave voluntarily. ←Baseball Bugs carrots→ 07:44, 15 July 2016 (UTC)

You're going to need to decide how to measure quality of life. A very crude method is to take GDP per capita; this places the USA way ahead of the Soviet Union throughout its history. The Human Development Index is popular, but unfortunately didn't cover the Soviet Union. This paper attempts to do so; you can judge how reliable you think it is; they place the Soviet Union fairly high in 1950, but the USA right near the top. It's also worth noting that the USA was similarly ahead of Russia, before the Soviet Union emerged. But there are lots of criticisms of the HDI; the things which you consider contribute to your quality of life may not be easily measured, and might even depend on where you grow up. Warofdreams talk 02:07, 15 July 2016 (UTC)

• Due to the completely different economical and political systems between the nations, it will be hard to directly compare, with any statistic. Also, your question is not stated correctly, you are seeking evidence to support your position, rather than asking for the facts. I would say you are on the whole probably right, but it's still the wrong way to ask the question if you are trying to approach this in a scientific and objective manner. Fgf10 (talk) 07:35, 15 July 2016 (UTC)

We have an article on Happiness economics, in which you can find links to some indices used to measure quality of life. Sjö (talk) 08:55, 15 July 2016 (UTC)

I have a question about dyeing my hair

If I do a high lift on my hair colour it dark blond; is there a way I can add pink and blue streaks in it and have it last for six months? My hair is naturally brown. 50.68.118.24 (talk) 22:33, 14 July 2016 (UTC)

Nobody here can answer your question because the coloring of a person's hair depends on its texture, tenacity, and porosity; also on the particular coloring agent(s) used. You need to have an experienced hair colorist examine your hair and advise what can be done with it. But even with the best color job in the world - your hair still grows about 1/2 inch a month, so in 6 months, you'll have 3 inches of your natural hair color showing from the roots out. Which makes the idea of a dye job that lasts for six months rather pointless. All artificially colored hair has to be renewed every few weeks to look consistent. Textorus (talk) 23:13, 14 July 2016 (UTC)

July 15

USS Eisenhower height

How far is the deck of the USS Dwight D. Eisenhower from the water (assuming there are no waves)? InedibleHulk (talk) 01:35, July 15, 2016 (UTC)

I can't easily find it but this measurement is called freeboard. (height (the scraping suspension bridges kind) has a cool name called "air draft"). Sagittarian Milky Way (talk) 02:36, 15 July 2016 (UTC)

Thanks. Not knowing the nautical terms made it trickier for me. InedibleHulk (talk) 04:16, July 15, 2016 (UTC)

You do realize this depends on how it's laden? μηδείς (talk) 02:39, 15 July 2016 (UTC)

Design waterline. Oh, and of course. Also water temperature and salinity. Sagittarian Milky Way (talk) 02:53, 15 July 2016 (UTC)

Let's just say everything's average. Mediterranean Sea average, anyway. And it's just sitting there. InedibleHulk (talk) 04:16, July 15, 2016 (UTC)

Why the Mediterranean? Contemplating a US-ISIS war? Sagittarian Milky Way (talk) 04:34, 15 July 2016 (UTC)

That's just where it is lately. The war's past the contemplation part. My wonder comes from watching a video of a plane snapping the catchwire upon landing and falling off. It flew back up again, but there were a couple of tense seconds. InedibleHulk (talk) 06:49, July 15, 2016 (UTC)

Here is an article about that dramatic 18 March 2016 mishap in which an arresting cable snapped as an E-2C Hawkeye was landing as the Ike was doing exercises in the Atlantic. (They have subsequently deployed to the Med and are flying combat sorties in support of Operation Inherent Resolve.) 8 sailors on deck were injured and two aircraft were damaged by the broken cable, but the E-2C Hawkeye managed to miss the waves and safely landed back at Chambers Field in Norfolk. Root cause was human error by the qualified maintenance personnel while troubleshooting the arresting gear engine to clear a fault code form an earlier arrestment. The Navy determined that the procedure they were following was technically correct but poorly written, leading the personnel to miss one or two critical steps. They determined that the mishap was "not the result of willful dereliction of duty or culpable negligence. Based on their training, the Sailors reasonable believed they had properly and conscientiously completed the complicated troubleshooting procedure." -- ToE 14:32, 15 July 2016 (UTC)

@μηδείς: the load of those war-machines like an aircraft carrier it seems has to be optimized, notably, their propulsion does not affect their charge. Not so with the aircrafts themselves however, I once tried a fighter-bomber flight simulator and repeatedly crashed at take-off because of the load of the machine. --Askedonty (talk) 05:29, 15 July 2016 (UTC)

Using a very old-fashioned way of working it out (a photo and a ruler) it is around 30 metres from deck level to the water line. Wymspen (talk) 08:11, 15 July 2016 (UTC)

I don't think I own a ruler, but pinching a presumably six-foot-tall man for reference, I can scoot down about 15 units. That's close enough to verified for me. Thanks! InedibleHulk (talk) 09:08, July 15, 2016 (UTC)

I wonder if pilot survival has anything to do with why it isn't lower. Sagittarian Milky Way (talk) 09:11, 15 July 2016 (UTC)

Not sure, but this doesn't seem very safe, and that's 64 feet. Seems every inch the sea stays away is a good inch for airmen. Waves aside, it's extra split-seconds to either correct a poor takeoff or eject a terrible one. Simply falling off gets a bit deadlier, though. InedibleHulk (talk) 10:12, July 15, 2016 (UTC)

Runny nose

Why is my nose always runny and stuffed up in the morning when I wake up, but fine for the rest of the day?--WaltCip (talk) 13:38, 15 July 2016 (UTC)

Misplaced Pages is not allowed to tell you why this happens. I'm sure someone still will try to, but they shouldn't. See WP:MEDICAL and User:Kainaw/Kainaw's criterion Since your request asks us to diagnose a symptom, we cannot do that. --Jayron32 13:49, 15 July 2016 (UTC)

But I'm not sick. This is just something that seems to happen.--WaltCip (talk) 14:19, 15 July 2016 (UTC)

We don't know whether or not you're sick. You've asked us to give you a reason for a symptom. That's called a diagnosis. We're not allowed to do that. As Wymspen notes, without being able to examine you, it is irresponsible for some rando on the internet to tell you why your body is doing that. There's a non-zero chance that it is any of dozens of reasons, some benign and some malignant, and for that reason we can't tell you anything. Misplaced Pages does have an articles (which I trust you could have found yourself) titled rhinorrhea (runny nose) and nasal congestion (stuffy nose_ which list a variety of causes. The articles are also not comprehensive, and we can't reliable say which of those causes is the source of your issue. --Jayron32 14:27, 15 July 2016 (UTC)

There must be at least a dozen possible reasons for that - and it will take a doctor actually looking up your nose to tell you which one it is in your case. Wymspen (talk) 13:54, 15 July 2016 (UTC)

Dictionary and Thesaurus sought

Something alike Google Translator, what is highly praised? A portable software would be beneficial. -- Apostle (talk) 18:51, 15 July 2016 (UTC)

How would Google Translate be used as a thesaurus? ←Baseball Bugs carrots→ 19:18, 15 July 2016 (UTC)

I think they mean a dictionary and thesaurus as good at doing that as Google translate is at translation. (Doesn't seem like that high of a bar, to me.)

For a dictionary, try onelook.com, which gives results from several sources at once: . StuRat (talk) 21:57, 15 July 2016 (UTC)

Noted. -- Apostle (talk) 18:31, 16 July 2016 (UTC)

Why not just use Google? Type in things like "define important" or "synonym for important" or "antonym for important", etc. Dismas| 21:58, 15 July 2016 (UTC)

I have internet usage issue. -- Apostle (talk) 18:31, 16 July 2016 (UTC)

Google does have the advantage that you can misspell a word and it may still find a match. Of course, it might also find the wrong word (that happens to look like whatever you typed). StuRat (talk) 22:00, 15 July 2016 (UTC)

A software is sought that I could use offline. A good/highly praised English to Spanish - Spanish to English one is also desirable. -- Apostle (talk) 18:31, 16 July 2016 (UTC)

July 16

Cluidunning

Editing Syd Nicholls, I read that his mother's birth name was Arabella Cluidunning.

I googled the name Cluidunning as I'd never seen it before. I got a few hits about Syd Nicholls, but no other examples of the name. It must surely be a typo that has crept into all the references, no? But what should it have been? Clendinning or Clendinnen, perhaps? -- Jack of Oz 00:01, 16 July 2016 (UTC)

There is at least one person named Dunning, so that part might be correct. StuRat (talk) 01:36, 16 July 2016 (UTC)

Massacre at Hue

My father, Donald Rochlen has pictures of uncovered mass graves discovered at Hue. I was wondering if I could share them.

Robert Rochlen — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.170.175.240 (talk) 00:40, 16 July 2016 (UTC)

Massacre at Huế is our article. And yes, the pics may be suitable for inclusion there. I would suggest you upload them, list them on the talk page for that article, and get opinions on them there. StuRat (talk) 01:27, 16 July 2016 (UTC)

Before you (the original poster) upload them, you first will want to read this. Unfortunately you will have to figure out the images' copyright status. If you have questions about this, I suggest asking them at the Teahouse, help desk, or the Commons help desk. --71.110.8.102 (talk) 02:08, 16 July 2016 (UTC)

• If he was an official US Navy photographer, and they were taken in that capacity, I guess they would be WP:GOVSOURCE? _Muffled 13:28, 16 July 2016 (UTC)

Homosexual / Lesbian fertility

I was wondering why gays (man and the woman) are fertile they are not interested in normal relationship they are attract to same ones so why did gay man or lesbion woman have egg or the sperm type for sex which worked to make the babys ? i dont know my teacher cant explain — Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.188.9.185 (talk) 13:23, 16 July 2016 (UTC)

Plenty of gays have had childen, and plenty of straights have not. Your premise is way too simplistic. For starters, read Human sexuality. ←Baseball Bugs carrots→ 14:02, 16 July 2016 (UTC)

Even the most enthusiastic heterosexual breeder cannot achieve fertilization of their body's every available sperm or ovum. This is because sexual reproduction works on the basis of a) a standard "plug and play" physical interface that enables a wide ranging choice of partner, and b) numerical over-production of Gamete cells throughout the body's fertile life phase. This should have been explained but is worth revision if you are uncertain. Some questions that remain about whether physical gender differentiation and individual sexual orientation necessarily correlate are still open to research but the mystery of Libido can be handled thus:

Who can explain it?

Who can tell you why?

Fools give you reasons,

Wise men never try.

Some Enchanted Evening by Oscar Hammerstein II AllBestFaith (talk) 14:46, 16 July 2016 (UTC)

Fertility (the ability to breed), libido (the desire to have sex), and sexuality (who one is attracted to), although typically overlapping in function, are not identical. Infertile couples still often have sex (for a disturbing example, your grandparents). Some perfectly fertile people are asexual, and some of them (while still not interested in sex) prefer romantic attention from one gender or another (or both, or neither). Ian.thomson (talk) 14:57, 16 July 2016 (UTC)

One way to think of it is that Mother Nature gives us the capability to reproduce, but it is not a requirement. ←Baseball Bugs carrots→ 19:31, 16 July 2016 (UTC)

Management layers in large organisations

Why do large organisations have so many layers of management. What's the point? Some companies are known to have 100 managers and directors from the low level employee to the board. 2A02:C7D:B99E:8200:D8B:94C8:5862:641C (talk) 17:27, 16 July 2016 (UTC)

It becomes necessary, at companies with many employees, if you want to keep a small number of direct subordinates per manager. Of course, 100 levels does seem rather excessive. Even if each manager only had 2 direct subordinates, that would still mean there would be some 10 employees. I'm hoping you are exaggerating. An organization with a million employees (like a military branch) might have some 20 levels, if only using 2 direct subordinates per manager. On the other hand, if they go with 10 direct subordinates per manager, they would only need about 7 levels.

I suppose it is possible for each manager only to have one direct subordinate, but that seems incredibly inefficient, unless all these managers are spending most of the time doing work unrelated to management. In such a company, with a million employees, you could theoretically have nearly a million levels of management. StuRat (talk) 17:33, 16 July 2016 (UTC)

To cut off an apparent misreading by StuRat, the OP cited companies with 100 managers, not 100 layers of management. There are usually multiple managers in each layer of management.

One contributing reason for this is that many companies are internally split into several parallel divisions, each covering a different area of operations. Each division requires some managers at each level of management/directorship, so immediately the number of managers/directors needed is multiplied by several. The same principle applies when the business is spread over several to many local offices or other premises rather than one. The article Organizational structure and its "See also" links might be helpful, and Organizational chart is also relevant. {The poster formerly known as 87.81.230.195} 2.123.26.60 (talk) 19:50, 16 July 2016 (UTC)

Dubious image licensing

Hi there. I'm currently GA-reviewing Russian gay propaganda law, which includes several images, all of which claim to be the uploaders' own work. Given the type of images they are—close ups of public officials, athletes, etc.—this seems dubious to me. Also, at least 2 of them claim to be crops of larger images, but have no attribution to the original. Could someone with media licensing experience be able to take a look at these and determine if the claims are legit, or at least good enough not to hold up GA promotion? Thanks! Jujutsuan (Please notify with {{re}} talk | contribs) 18:43, 16 July 2016 (UTC)

Jujutsuan - this question would be better at WP:MCQ. Tevildo (talk) 19:37, 16 July 2016 (UTC)

Thanks. I'll copy it over there. Jujutsuan (Please notify with {{re}} talk | contribs) 20:42, 16 July 2016 (UTC)

Pinhole Glasses

Where could I buy the entitled item in/near Rochester Hills, Detroit Michigan, USA? A list of places would be of help... - Btw, I wish to view all the frame designs firstly via the internet because I have to order someone to buy it for me, so, include the websites of wherever you guys refer me to… -- Apostle (talk) 18:43, 16 July 2016 (UTC)

Reference Desk is not a shopping guide; we (purportedly) provide references. --So, ... here's a reference for Google Shopping: --2606:A000:4C0C:E200:A99B:8185:FE40:CECC (talk) 19:44, 16 July 2016 (UTC)

Let's include the link to pinhole glasses. StuRat (talk) 21:23, 16 July 2016 (UTC)

I tried Mr. 2606:A000:4C0C:E200:A99B:8185:FE40:CECC, look, that's why I sought help. Could you/others show me how to search for an item in another country via the internet? This person I'm sending will go by foot to the shop(s), because they don't know how to shop via on-line. -- Apostle (talk) 06:37, 17 July 2016 (UTC)

Did Comey actually ever say Hillary Clinton told lies about the email flap?

Did he say she was deceitful, or misleading or lying, and did he say she told a lot of lies or what?144.35.45.70 (talk) 20:32, 16 July 2016 (UTC)

He said some of her statements were "not true". As far as I can tell, he never accused her of deceit, just negligence. He said "We have no basis to conclude that lied to the FBI." () -- BenRG (talk) 23:13, 16 July 2016 (UTC)

So in that too he's letting her off for lack of intent, which has not helped many others. —Tamfang (talk) 05:38, 17 July 2016 (UTC)

July 17

Directories for door-to-door solicitation

I live in the United States and whenever people come to my house and knock on my door trying to sell something or promote a political candidate, somehow they already know my name. They appear to be referencing some directory on the tablet computers, but I don't even own the house, I rent. How do they have my name? 2602:30A:2C51:9390:E45E:F53D:B108:345B (talk) 03:01, 17 July 2016 (UTC)

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