Administrative counties of England

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A county in England is a relatively large area with its own council. Counties are subdivided further into districts. A recent development has been the introduction of the unitary authority in some areas.

The county boundaries have varied considerably over the centuries. When the counties were originally defined, they often included large areas of land owned by the local abbeys, resulting in a number of counties having small detached parts entirely surrounded by some other county. After boundary changes from the 1880s to the 1960s, many of these anomalies were resolved and a number of parishes were incorporated in a more logical county. The last such anomalies were removed by the local government reorganisation in 1974.

In the 1974 reorganisation, six new metropolitan counties were created to administer the larger urban areas: the ? (covering Birmingham, Coventry, Wolverhampton? and the ?, and including former parts of Warwickshire, Staffordshire? and Worcestershire); Greater Manchester; Merseyside (Liverpool and neighbouring districts); West Yorkshire (Leeds, Bradford and nearby towns); ? (Sheffield?, Barnsley? and Doncaster?); and Tyne and Wear (Newcastle? and Sunderland? ). Additional non-metropolitan counties were created for areas centred on a major city but divided by former county boundaries, in Avon? (Bristol and surroundings), Humberside? (Hull) and Cleveland? (Middlesbrough/Teesside).

The metropolitan counties were abolished as administrative entities in 1986 along with the county of Greater London (created in 1965) and broken up into their constituent districts, though statistical data are still published for the 1974-86 county areas. Avon, Humberside and Cleveland were also scrapped in 1996, their districts becoming unitary authorities combining county and district functions, and 1999 saw the restoration of Rutland?, the smallest county in England, and Herefordshire?, merged respectively with Leicestershire? and Worcestershire 25 years earlier.

England is now classified into 8 regions, each containing a number of counties and unitary authorities (marked UA below). See for example -- http://www.lgce.gov.uk/reviews/periodic/map.htm

East of England

Luton (UA)

Peterborough (UA)

Southend-on-Sea (UA)

Thurrock (UA)

The Rest (very roughly)