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CBTC stands for "Communication Based Train Control".
There are two versions. Both operate the same basic way. An off board computer can track all trains operating on track linked to the computer. This allows trains to be space closer together than on a manually controlled line. The computer sends information to the computers aboard the train.
This differs from normal Automatic Train Operation (ATO) systems in that it the computers onboard the train that actually control it. Older ATO systems, such as San Francisco’s BART, use a system where the off board computers control the train.
These two versions of CBTC are radio based and rail based. The older of the two, rail based, has been in use in a few systems, such as in Paris Métro Line 14 . Train control signals are sent through the tracks to the train. RF, which has yet to be used on an in service heavy rail Metro application, transmits the signal from wayside equipment. The closest to actual use on a heavy rail system is on the MTA New York City Subway in the United States. The New York City Subway 14th Street-Canarsie Local route (line Template:NYCS L) is nearing the completion of tests on the new control system.