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| Formation | 1980s |
|---|---|
| Founder | Ngakpa Chögyam |
| Type | Tibetan Buddhism Western Buddhism Dzogchen |
| Headquarters | Vale of Glamorgan, Wales, United Kingdom |
| Website | arobuddhism |
The Aro gTér is a controversial group that claims that it is a lineage within the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism, something not recognized by traditional Nyingma. The 'pure vision' terma on which it is based teaches all Buddhist topics from the point of view of Dzogchen. The Aro gTer terma was received by Western-born Buddhist, Ngakpa Chögyam. The lineage is a ngagpa or non-monastic lineage and emphasizes householder practice and non-celibate ordination. All of its contemporary teachers are ethnically non-Tibetan.
History
Ngakpa Chögyam founded the Aro gTér organization in the 1980s. He was born in Hanover, Germany in 1952 and grew up in England. His father was English and his mother German; he is distantly related to the composer Franz Schubert. He studied Buddhism from the early 1970s through 1989, while working as a manual laborer, factory worker, and a truck driver in Britain to subsidize his education.
According to a terma which Ngakpa Chögyam claims he received in visions, the Aro tradition has antecedents in a 'Mother Essence Lineage' of female tertöns originating with Yeshe Tsogyal, and forward to Kyungchen Aro Lingma (1886-1923). According to the Aro gTér, Kyunchen Aro Lingma first discovered the terma. This terton says Aro Lingma transmitted the lineage to her only son, named Aro Yeshe (1915-1951), a claim not supported by any other account, nor Aro Yeshe himself.
In the 1970s, Ngakpa Chögyam studied with Chhi'med Rig'dzin Rinpoche, Dudjom Rinpoche, Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, Kunzang Dorje Rinpoche, and Khamtrül Yeshé Dorje Rinpoche. He wrote about his experiences in his 2011 book, Wisdom Eccentrics.
Teachings and practices
The principal practices are tantra and Dzogchen.
References
- ^ Cousens 2010, p. 196.
- "Ngakpa Chögyam Biography". Aro Books Worldwide. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
- Chögyam 1994.
- ^ Rawlinson 1997, pp. 207.
- Chhi’-mèd Rig’dzin Rinpoche 2003.
- ^ Gyaltsen Rinpoche 1995, pp. xi–xvii. sfn error: no target: CITEREFGyaltsen_Rinpoche1995 (help)
- Ngakchang Yeshe Dorje Rinpoche 1991.
- Chögyam 2011.
Sources
- Chhi’-mèd Rig’dzin Rinpoche, Khordong gTérchen Tulku (2003), "Foreword", in Chögyam, Ngakpa; Déchen, Khandro (eds.), Spectrum of Ecstasy: The Five Wisdom Emotions According to Vajrayana Buddhism, Shambhala Publications, ISBN 978-1-59030-061-9
- Chögyam, Ngakpa (1994), "The mother essence lineage", Gassho, 1 (5), retrieved 2009-05-18
- Chögyam, Ngakpa (2011), Wisdom Eccentrics, Aro Books, Inc., ISBN 978-0965394864
- Chögyam, Ngakpa; Déchen, Khandro (2003), Spectrum of Ecstasy: The Five Wisdom Emotions According to Vajrayana Buddhism, Shambhala Publications, ISBN 978-1-59030-061-9
- Dorje, Rig'dzin (2001), Dangerous Friend: The Teacher-Student Relationship in Vajrayana Buddhism, Shambhala Publications, ISBN 978-1-57062-857-3
- Cousens, Diana (2010), "Aro gTér", in Melton, J. Gordon; Baumann, Martin (eds.), Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices (2nd ed.), Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, p. 196, ISBN 9781598842036
- Ngakchang Yeshe Dorje Rinpoche, The Seventh Khamtrül Lama (1991), "Foreword", in Chögyam, Ngakpa (ed.), Rainbow of Liberated Energy: Working With Emotions Through the Colour and Element Symbolism of Tibetan Tantra, Element Books, ISBN 978-0906540923
- Rawlinson, Andrew (1997), The book of enlightened masters : Western teachers in Eastern traditions (first print ed.), Chicago, Ill. : Open Court, ISBN 978-0812693102
- Simmer-Brown, Judith (2001), Dakini's warm breath: the feminine principle in Tibetan Buddhism (1st ed.), Boston: Shambhala, ISBN 1-57062-720-7
Further reading
- Ngakpa Chogyam Rinpoche (May–June 1994). "Sang-ngak-cho-dzong and the Evolution of the Apprentice Programme" (PDF). Gassho. 1 (4). Retrieved 2015-06-16.