This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Johnuniq (talk | contribs) at 02:32, 1 August 2017 (Undid revision 793271842 by Special:Contributions/2A00:1028:9943:1D5A:78A8:8FAF:CCC4:973C unexplained changes). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.
Revision as of 02:32, 1 August 2017 by Johnuniq (talk | contribs) (Undid revision 793271842 by Special:Contributions/2A00:1028:9943:1D5A:78A8:8FAF:CCC4:973C unexplained changes)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)Petržalka (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈpetr̩ʒalka]; Template:Lang-de; Template:Lang-hu) is the largest borough of Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia. Situated on the right bank of the river Danube, the area shares a land border with Austria, and is home to around 120,000 people.
History
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Historical records of Petržalka exist from 1225. The settlement was originally inhabited by Pecheneg mercenaries on guard duty near the river Danube. In 1493, the village Ungerau was mentioned in the area. In the 1750s, the maps of the show two German villages in the area, Flocendorf and Engerau. During this period, the neighbouring Pressburg (Pozsony, today Bratislava) was the capital of the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary. Later as a recreation area famous for its garden, its Hungarian name, Ligetfalva, (later Pozsonyligetfalu, literally "parkland village") originates from the 1860s. In 1866, the village had only 594 inhabitants and 103 houses.
In 1891 Pozsonyligetfalu became permanently connected with Pressburg when the first railway bridge, 460 meters long, was built for the Pressburg-Csorna-Szombathely railway as the first bridge not made of wood, those wooden bridges often damaged by frost and floods.
A 1910 census shows that of its 2947 inhabitants, 1997 spoke German, 495 spoke Hungarian, and 318 spoke Slovak as their native language. On August 14, 1919 - The village came under control of the Czechoslovak Legions on August 14 and subsequently officially named Petržalka.
The Paris Peace Conference assigned the area to Czechoslovakia. with the aim of creating a bridgehead for the newly created Czechoslovak state for controlling the Danube.
In the 1920s Petržalka was the largest village in Czechoslovakia. The village lost its former ethnic German majority as Slovaks migrated into the village.
Petržalka was annexed by Nazi Germany on 10 October 1938 on the basis of the Munich agreement and renamed Engerau. The Starý most bridge becomes a border bridge between the First Slovak Republic and Nazi Germany. Several thousand inhabitants of Slovak, Czech, and Hungarian ethnicity were obliged to stay in Petržalka. Although citizens of the Third Reich, their national character was repressed. The occupiers closed down all Slovak schools, and the German language replaces Slovak. Non-Germans were not allowed to participate in public life, and the Gestapo arrested citizens who promote ideas opposing Nazism, including those active before the occupation.
From November 1944 to March 1945 – Petržalka (Engerau) was the site of a labour camp for Hungarian Jews, who were deployed at the construction of the Südostwall. Out of 2000 prisoners, at least 497 died from inhuman treatment and during the death march to Bad Deutsch-Altenburg.
On April 4, 1945 Petržalka was, along with the rest of Bratislava, freed from the Nazis and took by the Communists. It was returned to Czechoslovakia after World War II. On May 5, 1945, 90% of the Hungarian population of Bratislava was forced into internment camps in Petržalka; some Hungarians were murdered.
On February 13, 1946 Petržalka officially became a part of Bratislava. Construction of the housing blocks known as "panelák" began in 1977.
A 2001 Census reports that of its 117,227 inhabitants, 108,600 were Slovak, 4,259 were Hungarian, 1,788 were Czech, and 219 were German.
Names
The name Petržalka first appeared in the 1920s and refers to vegetables and herbs that were grown there (petržlen means "parsley"). The German name is Engerau or Ungerau. The Hungarian name is Pozsonyligetfalu, short form Ligetfalu.
Local parts
Petržalka is divided into three official parts, Dvory, Lúky and Háje, and further into unofficial parts, Ovsište, Janíkov dvor, Kopčany, Zrkadlový háj, Starý háj, and Kapitulský dvor.
Characteristics
As of 2008, Petržalka is connected to Bratislava by five bridges. It is the most densely populated residential district in Central Europe.
Petržalka is primarily a residential area, with most people living in blocks of flats called paneláks, a neologism for buildings built from concrete panels joined together to form the structure, which were widely deployed throughout the Eastern Bloc during the communist era. As the borough was built primarily as a residential area, it has no clearly defined centre.
Petržalka was sometimes referred to as the Bronx of Bratislava because of a high crime rate and drug dealing, but as of 2008 the crime rate had become similar to that of the other boroughs. It has the highest suicide rate in the country.
Important institutions include the congress and exposition centre Incheba and Petržalka railway station. Sad Janka Kráľa is one of the oldest municipal parks in Europe. There is also the Arena Theatre, established in 1828, one of the oldest theatres in Bratislava.
Petržalka is mostly a lowland area with no hills or mountains. There are two lakes, Malý and Veľký Draždiak, which are used for swimming, fishing and leisure activities.
Education and sport
The University of Economics is based in Petržalka, with campuses situated in different locations around Bratislava.
There are 11 elementary schools and 19 kindergartens administered by the borough. Gymnasium high schools include the state-administered Albert Einstein and Pankúchova 6 gymnasiums and the private Mercury Gymnasium. Petržalka is also a home to Evanjelické lýceum - lutheran educational institution that played important part in development of slovak culture and national identity.
The borough is also known for its football club, Artmedia Bratislava, a participant in the 2005–06 UEFA Champions League.
Transport
Road
Petržalka is connected to the rest of Bratislava by five bridges, of which three are used for local traffic (Nový Most, Starý most and Most Apollo) and two for international traffic (Lafranconi Bridge and Prístavný most). Starý most, from the first of January 2009, was closed to all traffic except for public transport, bicycles and pedestrians.
Petržalka is located near a major international motorway junction, where the D1 and D2 motorways meet.
There is a road border crossing into Austria along Viedenska cesta near the intersection of the D1 and D2. The Austrian crossing is called Berg after the nearby town of the same name. There are no more border checks from December 21, 2007 with Slovakia joining the Schengen Area.
Railway
Bratislava-Petržalka railway station is located in the western part of the borough and is used primarily for international traffic and for trains to and from Vienna.
Public transportation
Public transportation uses buses, which connect Petržalka with the other boroughs. In 1989, construction of a subway began, but it was stopped shortly after the Velvet Revolution broke out. Instead, a high-speed tram (light rail) line is planned but its construction has been postponed multiple times because it involves a complete reconstruction of Starý most bridge. At one point it was scheduled to begin in summer 2013. Test runs of trams across the bridge were carried out in February 2016. Official tram operation started on 8th of July 2016
References
- Petržalka (Zaujímavosti o mestskej časti Petržalka)
- Occupation of Petržalka by the Nazi Germany (Okupácia Petržalky hitlerovským Nemeckom (10.10.1938 - 3.4.1945)). Jaroslav Gustafik at SME.sk.
- slovak-jewish-heritage.org: Petržalka Holocaust Memorial
- nachkriegsjustiz.at: Vorstellung der Dissertation von Claudia Kuretsidis-Haider (in German)
- Engerau-Prozesse (review article, in German) Archived 2008-05-20 at the Wayback Machine
- "Transindex" (in Hungarian). n.d. Retrieved 23 March 2008.
- Dunabogdány honlapja
- "Bratislava Projects at MIPIM 2007 – Petržalka City". City of Bratislava. 3 January 2007. p. 8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 October 2007. Retrieved January 23, 2008.
Petržalka City will definitely change the face of the largest and most densely populated housing estate in Central Europe: the network of grey prefabricated buildings will be transformed into a full-fledged town with a self-contained multi-purpose centre.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/01/travel/slovakia-bratislava-tourism.html
- Shake & Slovak, The Sunday Herald, January 23, 2000
- http://travel.spectator.sme.sk/articles/1086/functionalism_that_became_dysfunctionalism
- "Environment". City of Bratislava. 26 February 2007. Retrieved January 23, 2008.
- "Elementary schools directory (Adresár základných škôl)" (in Slovak). Petržalka. n.d. Retrieved January 23, 2008.
- "Kindergartens directory (Adresár materských škôl)" (in Slovak). Petržalka. n.d. Retrieved January 23, 2008.
- Albert Einstein Gymnasium website
- Pankúchova 6 Gymnasium website
- Mercury Private Gymnasium website
- Nosowska, Agnieszka. "K maďarskej kapitole čítanky o Pressburgu". enrs.eu. Retrieved 2016-11-18.
- "Petržalka South City Development Area". City of Bratislava. 1 March 2007. Retrieved January 23, 2008.
- "Starý most by mohli začať rekonštruovať na jar". Slovak Newspaper SME. 16 August 2012. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
- "Starý most stále nemá povolenie". Slovak Newspaper SME. 11 January 2013. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
- http://spectator.sme.sk/c/20097135/first-trams-cross-bratislavas-old-bridge.html
- "Sme.sk".
External links
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