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University of Louisville
Logo of the University of Louisville
MottoDare to be great
TypePublic
Established1798
Endowment$676 million, FY 2006
PresidentDr. James R. Ramsey
Undergraduates14,707
Postgraduates5,898
LocationLouisville, KY, USA
CampusUrban
AthleticsCardinals
ColorsRed and Black
AffiliationsBig East Conference Kentuckiana Metroversity
Websitewww.louisville.edu

The University of Louisville (also known as U of L) is a public, state-supported university located in Louisville, Kentucky, United States. It is mandated by the Kentucky General Assembly to be a "Preeminent Metropolitan Research University". U of L currently enrolls students from 119 of 120 Kentucky counties, all 50 U.S. states, and 115 countries around the world.

U of L has been involved in several notable medical firsts. In 2006, U of L researchers Dr. Albert Bennet Jenson and Dr. Shin-je Ghim developed the first ever human papilloma virus vaccine, called Gardasil. In 2001 U of L implanted the first self contained artificial heart in the world, and in 1999 performed the first successful hand transplant.

Since 1999, U of L has made the largest gains of any university in National Institutes of Health research ranking, with its NIH funding increasing 277% and its rank increasing 30 places. As of 2006 among public U.S. universities, the melanoma clinic ranks third, the neurology research program fourth, and the spinal cord research program tenth in NIH funding.

The school's main campus is located in the historic Old Louisville neighborhood, which is the U.S.'s largest Victorian era National Preservation District. U of L's endowment, which has increased 355% since 1995, ranks ninth per student among all U.S. public universities and is the largest per student or alumni of any Kentucky public university.

Academics and innovations

File:Picture 1067.jpg
The J. B. Speed School of Engineering on the Belknap Campus

University of Louisville faculty and alumni have been a part of several notable firsts and innovations, including:

  • In 2006, U of L researchers Dr Albert Bennet Jenson and Dr Shin-je Ghim made international headlines by developing the first ever human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, called Gardasil, which in 2006 passed Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for U.S. use. Tests have shown the vaccine to be over 99% effective against HPV, which causes 75% of the world's 290,000 annual Cervical Cancer deaths. They made the discovery while working with fellow Big East researcher Dr. Richard Schlegel at Georgetown University. Jenson and Grihm are currently researching a way to make the vaccine out of tobacco plants, to bring down Gardasil's price. George Papanicolaou, who developed the Pap smear to prevent cervical cancer, was once a researcher at U of L, although well after developing the Pap smear at Columbia University.
  • The first ever self contained artificial heart transplant in the world in 2001.
  • The first successful hand transplant in the world and first ever in the U.S. in 1999.
  • Alumnus Donald Elbert headed the team of engineers that developed Astroturf.
  • Alumnus Mark Wadsworth developed the "eyes" of the Mars rovers which provided the first close up views of the planet.
  • Alumnus Stuart L Scott is the chief information officer for Microsoft

The University of Louisville offers bachelor's degrees in seventy fields of study, master's degrees in seventy eight fields of study, and doctorate degrees in twenty two fields of study. The school's admission standards are considered "more selective" by U.S. News & World Report.

File:Picture 1383.jpg
University of Louisville Hospital in Downtown Louisville

Academically, U of L boasts a school of business that is ranked among the top 7% in the nation, a dental school ranked in the top 10 regularly according to board scores, a law school ranked among the top eighty-five in the nation, and nationally respected programs in engineering, social work, and music. U of L is also the only U.S. college to offer a minor in African American theatre, among only twenty-one schools in the U.S. to offer a graduate degree in pan-African studies, and among the first five to require public service in its law school curriculum.

The Brandeis Medal is awarded by the law school's Louis D. Brandeis Society, and is given in tribute to Brandeis, a former U.S. Supreme Court justice from Louisville and the namesake university's law school.

History

Founding and early years: 1798-1845

Completed in 1990, the Student Activity Center and its eight story clock tower are the centerpiece of the Belknap Campus.

The University of Louisville traces its roots back to 1798 when the Kentucky General Assembly chartered a school of higher learning in the newly established town of Louisville and ordered the sale of 6,000 acres of South Central Kentucky land to pay for its implementation {EL}. On April 3 1798 eight leading men of community began local fundraising for the school, known as the Jefferson Seminary. It opened fifteen years later in 1813 and offered college and high school level courses in a variety of subjects. It was headed by Edward Mann Butler from 1813 to 1816, who later headed the first public school in Kentucky in 1829 and is considered Kentucky's first historian. Despite its early success, pressure from newly established public schools and media critiques of it as "elitist" would force its closure in 1829.

Eight years later in 1837 the Louisville City Council established the Louisville Medical Institute at the urging of renowned physician and medical author Charles Caldwell. After his dismissal from Lexington's Transylvania University {EL}, Caldwell would lead the LMI into becoming one of the best medical schools west of the Allegheny Mountains. In 1840 the Louisville Collegiate Institute, a rival medical school, was established after a LMI faculty dispute. It opened in 1844 on land near the present day Health Sciences campus.

History as a private municipal university: 1846-1969

In 1846 the Kentucky legislature combined the Louisville Medical Institute, the Louisville Collegiate Institution, and a newly created law school into the University of Louisville, on a campus just east of Downtown Louisville. The LCI folded soon afterwards. The university would experience rapid growth in the twentieth century, adding new schools in the liberal arts (1907), a graduate school (1915), dentistry (1918), engineering (1925), music (1932) and social work (1936).

In 1923 the school purchased what is today the Belknap Campus to move its liberal arts programs and law school, with the medical school remaining at the downtown campus. The school had attempted to purchase a campus donated by the Belknap family in The Highlands area in 1917 (where Bellarmine University is currently located), but the plan was rebuffed after a tax increase to pay for it was voted down. However, the school chose to name the new Eastern Parkway campus after the Belknaps for their efforts.

In 1931 U of L purchased the Louisville Municipal College for Negroes (est. 1879), as a compromise plan to desegregation. As a part of U of L, the school had an equal standing with the school's other colleges. It was dissolved in 1951 when U of L desegregated.

In the second half of the twentieth century, schools were opened for business (1953), education (1968), and justice and administration (1969).

History as a public university: 1970-present

File:UofL Historical marker.jpg
Historical marker for the Belknap Campus

Talk of U of L joining the public university system of Kentucky began in the 1960s. As a municipally funded school (meaning funding only came from the city of Louisville), the movement of people to the suburbs of Louisville created budget shortfalls for the school and forced tuition prices to levels unaffordable for most students. At the same time, the school's well established medicine and law schools were seen as assets for state system. Still, there was opposition to U of L becoming public, both from faculty and alumni who feared losing the small, close-knit feel of the campus, and from universities already in the state system who feared funding cuts. After several years of debate, in 1970 the university joined the state system, a move largely orchestrated by then Kentucky governor and U of L alumnus Louie Nunn.

The first years in the public system were difficult, as enrollment skyrocketed while funding was often insufficient. Several programs were threatened with losing accreditation due to a lack of funding, although schools of nursing (1979) and urban & public affairs (1983) were added.

Shumaker era 1995-2002

John Shumaker was named U of L's president in 1995. Shumaker was a very successful fundraiser, and quickly increased the school's endowment from $183 to $550 million. He also developed the REACH program to encourage retention. In 1997, he hired

File:Picture 1096.jpg
Grawemeyer Hall features The Thinker statue by Auguste Rodin

athletics director Tom Jurich, who restored an athletics program facing NCAA violations and Title IX lawsuits. Jurich raised over $100 million to raze abandoned factories adjacent to campus, to build on campus athletic facilities; which vastly improved the aesthetics of the Belknap Campus.

An important development during the Shumaker years was the state mandate change in 1997. Previously, the school was legally bound to have a large percent of non traditional students, (which hurt academics and retention). The new mandate was more vague, and simply stated the school should be "a preeminent urban research university". With the new mandate and a much improved campus, U of L began enrolling more traditional students from outside Jefferson County. In 1990, 73% of students were from Jefferson County, by 2005 that number had fallen to 50%. In 1995 the school's endowment became the largest in the public system, and in 2000 U of L joined UK as the only public university to enroll students from every Kentucky county.

Ramsey era 2002-present

The school's current and twenty seventh president is James R. Ramsey, the former state budget director. Ramsey has continued the endowment and fundraising growth started by Shumaker, but added more emphasis on improving the aesthetics of the Belknap Campus. To this end, he started a million dollar "campus beautification project" which painted six overpasses on the Belknap Campus with a 'U of L theme' and planted over 500 trees along campus streets, doubled the number of on-campus housing units, brokered a deal with the state to get the outdated I-65 ramps redone, and oversaw the ongoing conversion of several abandoned factories into condominiums. The school's federal research funding has also doubled under Ramsey, and three buildings have been built for nanotechnology and medical research. He is also recognized for being able to keep Tom Jurich as athletic director, with speculation that Jurich would go elsewhere. U of L's retention rates have also increased from 30% in 1999 to 40% in 2006.

File:Picture 1058.jpg
The Belknap Research Building, completed in 2005

U of L's growth has created strained relations with the other public schools, especially the University of Kentucky. In 2005, UK officials accused U of L of "mission creep" after president Ramsey met with a Pikeville hospital to discuss opening a lung cancer research center there. UK's VP of Institutional Advancement threatened that "U of L should stay out of Eastern Kentucky". Strong criticism came from The Courier-Journal (Louisville's local daily newspaper and the state's largest), which editorialized that the University of Kentucky was the state's primary research university for the state and that the mission of U of L was more urban in focus. However, public opinion and the media in the rest of state supported the idea of a cooperative research center, which caused UK to soften its stance. Today a center between the two schools in Pikeville is in the talking stages. Several months later, Somerset U.S. Congressman Hal Rogers requested that a federal disease laboratory be located in Somerset with U of L and UK as its caretakers. U of L has historically had many such outreach programs in Western Kentucky, but without controversy since the school has traditionally had a strong alumni and fan base there.

In 1998 the university celebrated its bicentennial.

UPS tuition reimbursement and Metropolitan College

In addition to their nationwide partial tuition reimbursement programs, UPS (United Parcel Service) offers U of L (along with Jefferson Community College) students who work overnight at Worldport, the company's worldwide air hub at Louisville International Airport, full tuition reimbursement through a program called Metropolitan College. Currently over 75% of the workers at the air hub are students.

Schools and colleges

File:Picture 1050.jpg
Construction of Greek Park residence hall on 4th Street. Currently 21% of undergraduates live on campus.

The university now consists of twelve different schools and colleges (year founded)

The campuses

The university has three campuses:

Belknap campus

File:Picture 1032.jpg
The Rauch Planetarium is a frequent attraction at the University

Acquired in 1923, the Belknap campus (pronounced "Bel-nap" with the K silent) is considered the school's main campus. It is located three miles south of downtown Louisville in the Old Louisville neighborhood, which is the largest Victorian preservation district in the United States. It houses seven of the 12 academic colleges and contains one of Auguste Rodin's only remaining "The Thinker" statues in front of the main administrative building, Grawemeyer Hall. The tallest buildings on the Belknap campus are the 10 story University tower and the 11-story Unitas Tower.

The size of the Belknap campus has doubled since 1998, with many abandoned factories in the area being purchased and redeveloped, with projects such as Papa John's Cardinal Stadium, the Cardinal Park complex, and the Jim Patterson Baseball Stadium and Jewish Hospital Sports Medicine complex, the Central Station shopping center and a lacrosse field. With new parking at Papa John's Cardinal Stadium, non resident parking was moved there and the parking lots near campus were redeveloped with new dormitory buildings, including the Bettie Johnson Apartments, Kurz Hall (commonly called Phase 2), Minardi Hall, and Community Park. U of L has developed the campus almost entirely with private founding and using private companies to build and run the new residential halls since the state has offered little financial help for the projects.


Points of interest on the Belknap Campus include the Speed Art Museum, the Rauch Planetarium, and the final resting place for former U.S. Supreme Court Justice Louis D. Brandeis under the portico in the Brandeis Law School. There is also a large monument on the corner where 3rd Street splits into 2nd and 3rd Streets which honors Confederate Civil War dead; this was built there before the school had purchased the land it stands on. The Kentucky State Data Center, the state's official clearing house for census data and estimates, is located next to Bettie Johnson Hall.

Buildings over 5 stories Stories Location Year Completed
Unitas Tower 11 Old 1st Street and Cardinal Blvd 1970
University Tower 11 3rd Street and Brandeis Avenue 1966
Papa John's Cardinal Stadium 9 Floyd Street @ Central Avenue 1998
Solae Silos 9 Floyd Street 1940
Student Activities Center Clocktower 8 Student Activities Center 1992
Strickler Hall Radio Tower 7 Strickler Hall 1980
Louisville Hall 7 4th Street and Brandeis Avenue 1995
Belknap Research Building 6 N/A 2005
Cardinal Crossings Condominium Complex 6 Floyd Street at Byrne Avenue 2007 (under constrct.)

Development projects

Project Status Anticipated Completion Cost Funding Source
Reynolds Building Conversion Nearing Completion December 2006 $1 million Private
Cardiovascular Research Building Nearing Completion February 2007 $60 million Federal
Yum! Basketball Practice Facility Fully Funded & Under Construction Fall 2007 $15 million Private
Olympic Sports training center/ Trager Center Expansion Fully Funded & Under Construction Summer 2007 $4 million Private
Bio Labs Building Fully funded, under construction Spring 2008 $70 million Federal
Cardinal Crossings Building Conversion Funded, Construction to begin soon Fall 2007 $2 million? Private
Eastern Parkway reconstruction Planning Funded, Construction Partically Funded Fall 2008 $3 million? State
Stansbury Park reconstruction Funded, plans being finalizd Summer 2008 $1 million Private
I-65 Ramps reconstruction Partially funded, in planning stages 2009? $15 million? State
3rd & 4th Streets RR Overpass Reconstruction Not Funded, in Planning Stages 2010? $15 million? State
Papa John's Cardinal Stadium Expansion Planned, not funded Fall 2008? $60 million Private
Expansion of Women's Rowing Facilities Planned, partically funded 2008? $2 million Private
New Downtown Arena (off campus) Planned, partically funded Fall 2009 $300 million State
Greek Row (Unity Place) Housing Complex reconstruction Planning Stages ? ? Private
File:Picture 1375.jpg
Construction nears completion on the $60 million dollar Cardiac Research Building on the University of Louisville Health Sciences Campus

There are several important projects under construction or planned in the near future, including the reconstruction of the I-65 ramps to the Belknap Campus, converting the four lanes of Eastern Parkway into a two-lane road with bike lanes and a landscaped median to improve pedestrian access to the Speed School, the moving of several university offices to allow the existing facilities at Arthur Street and Brandeis Avenue to be converted to commercial property and restaurants, and the conversion of the old macaroni factory on Floyd Street into a condominium

File:2006 Jun 14 SW ground view.GIF
Rendering of the $60 million dollar reasearch lab center

complex which will include five acres of commercial property. The Yum! Center (a basketball and volleyball practice facility) is currently under construction at Floyd Street and Eastern Parkway, as is the construction of a 12,000 square feet olympic sports training/ rehab center adjacent to Trager Stadium.

Long-term plans include reconstruction of the 3rd Street railway tunnel between Winkler Avenue and Eastern Parkway, purchase of the Standard Oil Building at 450 West Cardinal Boulevard to provide more on-campus parking, improvement of Stansbury Park, and conversion of the former Reynolds Building on 4th Street into a mixed-use commercial and residential project. Planned improvements to athletic facilities include revamping the rowing facilities at Phase II of Waterfront Park and expansion of Papa John's Cardinal Stadium to 60,000 seats.

Health Sciences Center

File:Picture 1366.jpg
Baxter Research Building on the U of L Health Sciences Campus

The U of L Health Sciences Center, also called the med campus, is located just east of Downtown Louisville. It houses the remaining five colleges and is located just east of downtown Louisville, in the Louisville medical park which contains three other major hospitals and several specialty hospitals. This is the school's original campus, being continuously used since 1846, although none of the original buildings remain. Buildings of note on the HSC include the fourteen story Medical Research Tower and the ten-story University Hospital. Construction is ongoing for a six story cardiovascular research building, expected to be completed by 2007; and an eight story, $70 million biomedical research building. Faculty and students also work with neighboring hospitals including Jewish Hospital and Kosair Children's Hospital, as well as outreach programs throughout Kentucky, including in Paducah, Campbellsville, and Glasgow.

Buildings over 5 stories Stories Location
Medical Research Tower 14 Muhammmad Ali Blvd 1970
University Hospital 11 Jackson Street @ Muhammad Ali Blvd 1970
Biolab Tower (Under Construction 8 Hancock Street @ Muhammad Ali Blvd (P) 2008
Medical/Dental Dormitory 7 Preston Street 1972
Cardiovascular Research Building 6 Muhammad Ali Blvd @ Floyd Street 2006

Shelby campus

The Shelby campus is located on Shelbyville Road near Hurstbourne Parkway in Eastern Louisville. This campus was originally the home of Kentucky Southern College, a Southern Baptist liberal arts college that operated from 1961 - 1969 . After the college folded, U of L acquired the campus. It currently only has three buildings which are used for night classes and seminars, although construction of a Bio Terrorism Research facility is in the works.

Panama campus and other facilities

The University of Louisville also runs a sister campus in Panama City, Panama; which has an MBA program. The full time program takes around 16 months to complete and enrolls about 200 students. It is currently ranked the 4th best MBA program in South America. The best MBA program in South America is run by fellow Big East school Pittsburgh. U of L recently opened another MBA program in Athens, Greece.

The school also operates the Moore Observatory in Oldham County, which is used for space viewing. There are also plans to purchase several hundred acres in Oldham County for the school's equine program.

Libraries

File:Picture 1056.jpg
The Ekstrom Library's new wing

The University of Louisville library system is a member of the Association of Research Libraries, a fraternity of the nation's top college libraries. U of L's main library branch is the William F. Ekstrom Library, which opened in 1981. The four story building finished an expansion in March 2006, which increased its total size to 290,000 sq feet and shelving capacity to over 2.4 million books. It is one of only five universities in the U.S. to have a robotic retrieval system, which robotically places books in humidity-free bins.

There are six other libraries at the university, with a combined total of over 600,000 volumes of work:

The Kersey library is being converted to an academic building that will be part of the J. B. Speed School of Engineering. Plans are to move the entire collection of the Kersey engineering library to the main library on campus, Ekstrom Library, before 2007.

Media

One main criticism of the university is that, despite being in a large city, it has no university-controlled television station and no student-operated radio station. However, U of L does hold a prominent role in the city of Louisville's "Public Radio Partnership" which features three NPR stations under one roof. The school holds one-third of the seats on the Partnership's board of directors.

The school formerly controlled its namesake station, WUOL, but that station is now the classical music part of the Partnership.

Greek life

File:Picture 1091.jpg
Aerial view of campus with the Louisville skyline in the background
Sororities
Fraternities

Enrollment statistics

Undergraduate student body

  • Total enrollment is 21,760 as of Fall 2005.
  • 80% of students are Kentucky residents.
  • Average ACT Score: 24.2
  • 6 year retention rate: 40.6% (up from 33% in 2004)
  • 11,085 Full Time
  • 3,787 Part Time
  • 47% Male
  • 53% Female

Demographics

  • 81% White
  • 14% Black
  • 3% Asian
  • 1% Hispanic
  • 1% International

Top fifteen counties for enrollment, Fall 2005 (Largest city in county)

50.2% of U of L students are from Jefferson County, although the school does enroll hundreds of students from every region of Kentucky.
A U of L enrollment map from 1986 shows marked increase in enrollment from around the state.
Rank County County 2005 Enrollment 1986 Enrollment Percent Change
1 Jefferson (Louisville) 10,940 15,622 -30%'
2 Oldham (La Grange) 791 533 23%
3 Hardin (Elizabethtown) 656 469 29%
4 Bullitt (Shepherdsville) 501 372 26%
5 Clark County, Indiana (Jeffersonville) 435 N/A N/A
5 Floyd County, Indiana (New Albany) 435 N/A N/A
6 Fayette (Lexington) 372 143 240%
7 Kenton (Covington) 323 94 360%
8 Nelson (Bardstown) 279 172 39%
9 Daviess (Owensboro) 252 105 59%
10 Shelby (Shelbyville) 235 131 45%
11 Boone (Florence) 218 32 681%
12 Warren (Bowling Green) 189 53 356%
13 Campbell (Newport) 150 25 600%
14 Meade (Brandenburg) 139 99 29%
15 McCracken (Paducah) 130 48 270%

Top five non-U.S. countries for enrollment, Fall 2005

File:Picture 1371.jpg
U of L Dental School, with the Medical Research Tower in the background
  1. Panama 211*
  2. India 171
  3. China 151
  4. Egypt 72
  5. South Korea 50

Top five non-Kentucky states for enrollment, Fall 2005

  1. Indiana 1,352
  2. Ohio 159
  3. Illinois 126
  4. Florida 121
  5. Tennessee 110
  • *Panama enrollment due mostly to U of L's Panama City campus , which offers a full time MBA program.

Notable alumni and faculty, athletic alumni, and list of presidents

Main article: List of University of Louisville people

Athletics

Main article: Louisville Cardinals
File:La 2515.gif
The Cardinal was chosen as the U of L mascot in 1911

The Louisville Cardinals (affectionately referred to as "the Cards") joined the Big East Conference on July 1 2005 after spending the previous 10 years as a member of Conference USA. The school is best known for its men's basketball, volleyball, and football teams. In the Fall 2004-Spring 2005 season, the men's basketball, volleyball, and football teams had a combined record of 75-9, with each team achieving a top 6 national ranking. U of L currently fields ten women's teams and eight men's teams, with plans to add women's lacrosse in 2007. In 2006 the Cardinals doubled their number of track and field "All Americans" at the NCAA outdoor championships, with Rockcastle County native Kelley Bowman finishing third in the high jump and West Virginia native Tone Belt finishing fifth in the long jump.

Since 1997, the school has spent over $150 million dollars (all from private funding) in upgrading its sports facilities. Since 2004, U of L has won conference titles in eight sports. Most U of L fans are in the Louisville Metro area, although U of L also has a sizable fan base in South Central and Western Kentucky, especially in the Columbia and Russell Springs area, Paducah, and Owensboro.

A 2006 Lexington Herald article stated that interest in U of L sports is surging across the state of Kentucky, especially in Hopkinsville and Owensboro. A Louisville Courier Journal article also stated that the total sales of U of L merchandise has tripled since 2001 and that the school now ranks 32nd nationally in sales, second highest in the Big East Conference and the 3rd Highest among all urban universities (to Southern California and Miami.

U of L also has more registared college license plates than the University of Kentucky (18,3000 to 17,000); a four fold increase since 2004.

Football all time Bowl appearances
1958
1970
1977
1991
1993
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006 (clinched)
U of L Team All Time Record Winning Percent
Men's Basketball 1,505-806 65.1%
Volleyball 662-360 64.7%
Softball 259-147 62.2%
Women's Basketball 520-382 57.6%
Baseball 1,316-1,264 50.9%
Football 414-404 50.6%
Field Hockey 217-278 43.8%
Men's Soccer 185-272 40.4%
Women's Soccer 125-234 34.8%
Overall 5,203-4,147 55.6%
Men's Basketball National Championship Years
1980
1986
Final Fours
1959
1972
1975
1980
1982
1983
1986
2005



Did you know...

  • Despite being just 2.5 miles from the Indiana border, U of L is the closest to Kentucky's geographic center (NW of Lebanon, KY) among all eight public universities. It also sits at the lowest elevation of any Kentucky public university (about 460 feet).
  • U of L's first president, Edward Mann Butler, was the first historian of Kentucky and the Ohio River Valley.
  • U of L was among the first municipally-supported college in the United States.
  • A Union fortress was located on the hill overlooking the eastern edge of Cardinal Park (that I-65 is now on) during the Civil War, giving it the name Fort Hill.
  • U of L is the only Kentucky university offering a graduate degree in women's and gender studies and was the first to offer a graduate degree in pan-African studies.
  • The U of L marching band has performed "My Old Kentucky Home" at every Kentucky Derby since 1936.

See also

References

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  2. http://www.louisville.edu/about/mission.html URL accessed on June 8 2006
  3. http://www.louisville.edu/~jbmorr03/Fall-05-Enrollment-by-County.pdf URL accessed on June 8 2006
  4. http://www.louisville.edu/~jbmorr03/Fall-05-Enrollment-by-State.pdf URL accessed on July 7 2006
  5. http://www.heartpioneers.org/patient/gallery/conference1.html URL accessed on June 8 2006
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  8. http://www.ajc.com/travel/content/travel/southeast/ky_stories/0305/09lvgetaway.html URL accessed on July 8 2006
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  10. http://www.nacubo.org/documents/about/FY05NESInstitutionsbyTotalAssets.pdf URL accessed on June 8 2006
  11. http://www.kykernel.com/media/storage/paper305/news/2006/01/25/CampusNews/Uk.Endowment.Still.Lags.Behind.Berea.College.Uofl-1503857.shtml?norewrite200605301718&sourcedomain=www.kykernel.com URL accessed on June 8 2006
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  13. http://www.applesforhealth.com/HealthyFeatures/pbcvac7.html URL accessed on June 8 2006
  14. http://www.usatoday.com/news/health/2006-06-08-cervical-cancer-vaccine_x.htm?csp=24 URL accessed on June 8 2006
  15. http://php.louisville.edu/news/news.php?news=618 URL accessed on June 8 2006
  16. http://www.heartpioneers.org/patient/gallery/conference1.html URL accessed on June 8 2006
  17. http://www.usnews.com/usnews/edu/college/directory/brief/drglance_1999_brief.phphttp://www.usnews.com/usnews/edu/college/directory/brief/drglance_1999_brief.php URL accessed on June 8 2006
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  22. http://www.reach.louisville.edu/about/
  23. http://www.courier-journal.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20050429/NEWS0104/504290452 URL accessed on June 8 2006
  24. http://www.lawreader.com/index.php/browse/node/4363.html URL accessed on June 8 2006
  25. http://www.metro-college.com/ URL accessed on June 8 2006
  26. http://www.courier-journal.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060518/BUSINESS/605180364&SearchID=73245163185686 URL accessed on June 8 2006
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  29. http://www.arl.org/members.html URL accessed on June 8 2006
  30. http://www.louisville.edu/library/ekstrom/tour/floor1/robot.html URL accessed on June 8 2006
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  32. http://php.louisville.edu/news/news.php?news=660
  33. http://www.courier-journal.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20061006/NEWS0104/610060359
  34. http://europe.vault.com/graddegree/school/school_main.jsp?program_id=13707&co_page=2&ch_id=255&tlist=&pt=3
  • {EL} Kleber, John "The Encyclopedia of Louisville" pp 902-903 History of the University of Louisville

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