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United States
Robert Swan Mueller III (/ˈmʌlər/; born August 7, 1944) is an American attorney who served as the sixth Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation from 2001 to 2013. A Republican, he was appointed by President George W. Bush; President Barack Obama gave his original ten-year term a two-year extension, making him the longest-serving FBI director since J. Edgar Hoover. He is currently head of the Special Counsel investigation of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections and related matters.
A graduate of Princeton University, Mueller served as a Marine Corps officer during the Vietnam War, receiving the Bronze Star Medal with Combat "V" for heroism and the Purple Heart Medal. After graduating from the University of Virginia School of Law (1973), he worked at a private firm in San Francisco for three years until his appointment as an Assistant U.S. Attorney (AUSA) in the same city. Prior to his appointment as FBI Director, Mueller served as a United States Attorney, as United States Assistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division, and as Acting U.S. Deputy Attorney General.
In May 2017, Mueller was appointed by Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein as special counsel overseeing an ongoing investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. presidential election and related matters, including any links between the Russian government and Donald Trump's campaign.
Early life and education
Mueller was born at Doctors Hospital in Manhattan, the first child of Alice C. Truesdale (1920–2007) and Robert Swan Mueller Jr. (1916–2007). He has four younger sisters: Susan, Sandra, Joan and Patricia. His father was an executive with DuPont who had served as a Navy officer in the Atlantic and Mediterranean theaters during World War II.
Mueller is of German, English and Scottish descent. His paternal great-grandfather, Gustave A. Mueller, was a prominent physician in Pittsburgh, and his own father August C. E. Müller had immigrated to the United States in 1855 from the Province of Pomerania in the Kingdom of Prussia (a historical state whose territory included land now part of Germany and western Poland). On his mother's side, he is a great-grandson of the railroad executive William Truesdale.
Mueller grew up in Princeton, New Jersey, where he attended Princeton Country Day School, now known as Princeton Day School. After he completed 8th grade, his family moved to Philadelphia while Mueller himself went on to attend St. Paul's School in Concord, New Hampshire, where he was captain of the soccer, hockey, and lacrosse teams and won the Gordon Medal as the school's top athlete in 1962.
Mueller went on to study at Princeton University, where he continued to play lacrosse, receiving an A.B. in politics with a senior thesis on jurisdiction in the South West Africa cases in 1966. Mueller earned an M.A. in international relations from New York University in 1967, before pursuing his Juris Doctor degree.
In 1968, Mueller joined the U.S. Marine Corps. He has cited his teammate David Spencer Hackett's death in the Vietnam War as an influence on his decision to pursue military service. Of his classmate, Mueller has said, "One of the reasons I went into the Marine Corps was because we lost a very good friend, a Marine in Vietnam, who was a year ahead of me at Princeton. There were a number of us who felt we should follow his example and at least go into the service. And it flows from there." Hackett was a Marine Corps first lieutenant in the infantry and was killed in 1967 in Quảng Trị Province by small arms fire.
After completing his military service, Mueller attended the University of Virginia School of Law, where he served on the Virginia Law Review. He graduated in 1973.
Marine Corps service
Mueller was accepted for officer training in the United States Marine Corps in 1968, attending training at Parris Island, Officer Candidate School, Army Ranger School, and Army jump school.
In July 1968, he was sent to South Vietnam, where he served as a rifle platoon leader with Second Platoon, H Company, 2nd Battalion, 4th Marines, 3rd Marine Division. In December 1968, he earned the Bronze Star with 'V' distinction for combat valor for rescuing a wounded Marine under enemy fire during an ambush that saw half of his platoon become casualties. In April 1969, he received an enemy gunshot wound in the thigh, recovered, and returned to lead his platoon until June 1969. For his service in and during the Vietnam War, his military decorations and awards include: the Bronze Star Medal with Combat "V", Purple Heart Medal, two Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medals with Combat "V", Combat Action Ribbon, National Defense Service Medal, Vietnam Service Medal with three service stars, Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross, Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal, and Parachutist Badge.
Mueller eventually became aide-de-camp to 3rd Marine Division's commanding general, then-Major General William K. Jones, where he “significantly contributed to the rapport” Jones had with other officers, according to one report.
Reflecting on his service in the Vietnam War, Mueller said “I consider myself exceptionally lucky to have made it out of Vietnam. There were many—many—who did not. And perhaps because I did survive Vietnam, I have always felt compelled to contribute.”
After returning from Vietnam, Mueller was briefly stationed at Henderson Hall, before leaving active-duty service in August 1970. He was inducted into the Ranger Hall of Fame in 2004.
Legal career
After receiving his J.D. degree in 1973 from the University of Virginia School of Law, Mueller worked as a litigator at the firm Pillsbury, Madison and Sutro in San Francisco until 1976. He then served for 12 years in United States Attorney offices. He first worked in the office of the U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of California in San Francisco, where he rose to be chief of the criminal division, and in 1982, he moved to Boston to work in the office of the U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Massachusetts as Assistant United States Attorney, where he investigated and prosecuted major financial fraud, terrorism and public corruption cases, as well as narcotics conspiracies and international money launderers.
After serving as a partner at the Boston law firm of Hill and Barlow, Mueller returned to government service. In 1989, he served in the United States Department of Justice as an assistant to Attorney General Dick Thornburgh and as acting deputy Attorney General. James Baker, with whom he worked on national security matters, said he had "...an appreciation for the Constitution and the rule of law." The following year he took charge of its criminal division. During his tenure, he oversaw prosecutions including that of Panamanian leader Manuel Noriega, the Pan Am Flight 103 (Lockerbie bombing) case, and of the Gambino crime family boss John Gotti. In 1991, he was elected a fellow of the American College of Trial Lawyers.
In 1993, Mueller became a partner at Boston's Hale and Dorr, specializing in white-collar crime litigation. He returned to public service in 1995 as senior litigator in the homicide section of the District of Columbia United States Attorney's Office. In 1998, Mueller was named U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of California and held that position until 2001.
Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
Mueller was nominated for the position of FBI director by George W. Bush on July 5, 2001. At the time, he and two other candidates, Washington lawyer George J. Terwilliger III and veteran Chicago prosecutor and white-collar crime defense lawyer Dan Webb, were up for the job, but Mueller was always considered the front-runner. Terwilliger and Webb both pulled out from consideration around mid-June, while confirmation hearings for Mueller before the Senate Judiciary Committee were quickly set for July 30, only three days before his prostate cancer surgery.
The Senate unanimously confirmed Mueller as FBI director on August 2, 2001, voting 98–0 in favor of his appointment. He had previously served as acting deputy attorney general of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) for several months before officially becoming the FBI director on September 4, 2001, just one week before the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center.
On February 11, 2003, one month before the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq, Mueller gave testimony to the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence. Mueller informed the American public that "even countries designated as state sponsors of terrorism—Iran, Iraq, Syria, Sudan, Libya, Cuba and North Korea—remain active in the United States and continue to support terrorist groups that have targeted Americans. As Director Tenet has pointed out, Secretary Powell presented evidence last week that Baghdad has failed to disarm its weapons of mass destruction, willfully attempting to evade and deceive the international community. Our particular concern is that Saddam Hussein may supply terrorists with biological, chemical or radiological material." Highlighting this worry in February 2003, FBI Special Agent Coleen Rowley wrote an open letter to Mueller in which she warned her superior that "the bureau will be able to stem the flood of terrorism that will likely head our way in the wake of an attack on Iraq" and encouraged Mueller to "share with the President and Attorney General."
On March 10, 2004, while United States Attorney General John Ashcroft was at the George Washington University Hospital for gallbladder surgery, Comey received a call from Ashcroft's wife informing him that White House Chief of Staff Andrew Card and White House Counsel Alberto Gonzales were about to visit Ashcroft to convince him to renew a program of warrantless wiretapping under the Terrorist Surveillance Program which the DOJ ruled unconstitutional. Ashcroft refused to sign, as he had previously agreed, but the following day the White House renewed the program anyway. Mueller and deputy attorney general James Comey then threatened to resign. On March 12, 2004, after private, individual meetings with Mueller and Comey at the White House, the president supported changing the program to satisfy the concerns of Mueller, Ashcroft, and Comey.
As director, Mueller also barred FBI personnel from participating in enhanced interrogations with the CIA. At a dinner, Mueller defended an attorney (Thomas Wilner) who had been attacked for his role in defending Kuwaiti detainees. Mueller stood up, raised his glass, and said, "I toast Tom Wilner. He's doing what an American should." However, the White House pushed back, encouraging more vigorous methods of pursuing and interrogating terror suspects. When Bush confronted Mueller to ask him to round up more terrorists in the U.S., Mueller responded, saying, "If they don't commit a crime, it would be difficult to identify and isolate" them. Vice President Dick Cheney objected, by saying, "That's just not good enough. We're hearing this too much from the FBI."
In May 2011, President Barack Obama asked Mueller to continue at the helm of the FBI for two additional years beyond his normal 10-year term, which would have expired on September 4, 2011. The Senate approved this request on July 27, 2011. On September 4, 2013, Mueller was replaced by James Comey.
On June 19, 2017, in the case of Arar v. Ashcroft, Mueller, along with Ashcroft and former Immigration and Naturalization Services Commissioner James W. Ziglar and others, was shielded from civil liability by the Supreme Court for post-9/11 detention of Muslims under policies then brought into place.
Return to private sector
After leaving the FBI in 2013, Mueller served a one-year term as consulting professor and the Arthur and Frank Payne distinguished lecturer at Stanford University, where he focused on issues related to cybersecurity.
In addition to his speaking and teaching roles, Mueller also joined the law firm WilmerHale as a partner in its Washington office in 2014. Among other roles at the firm, he oversaw the independent investigation into the NFL's conduct surrounding the video that appeared to show NFL player Ray Rice assaulting his fiancée. In January 2016, he was appointed as Settlement Master in the U.S. consumer litigation over the Volkswagen emissions scandal; as of May 11, 2017, the scandal has resulted in $11.2 billion in customer settlements.
On October 19, 2016, Mueller began an external review of "security, personnel, and management processes and practices" at government contractor Booz Allen Hamilton after an employee was indicted for massive data theft from the National Security Agency. On April 6, 2017, he was appointed as Special Master for disbursement of $850 million and $125 million for automakers and consumers, respectively, affected by rupture-prone Takata airbags.
Mueller received the 2016 Thayer Award for public service from the United States Military Academy. In June 2017, he received the Baker Award for intelligence and national security contributions from the nonprofit Intelligence and National Security Alliance.
Special Counsel for the Department of Justice
Main article: Special Counsel investigation (2017–present) Further information: Dismissal of James Comey and Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections | This section may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience. Please help by spinning off or relocating any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against Misplaced Pages's inclusion policy. (March 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
On May 16, 2017, Mueller interviewed with President Trump to again serve as the Director of the FBI. Trump did not hire Mueller and immediately provided feedback he wanted to go a new direction, someone who hadn't been in the position before. The very next day, on May 17, 2017, Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein appointed Mueller to serve as special counsel for the United States Department of Justice. In this capacity, Mueller oversees the investigation into "any links and/or coordination between the Russian government and individuals associated with the campaign of President Donald Trump, and any matters that arose or may arise directly from the investigation".
Mueller's appointment to oversee the investigation immediately garnered widespread support from both Democrats and Republicans in Congress. Senator Charles Schumer (D-NY) said, "Former Director Mueller is exactly the right kind of individual for this job. I now have significantly greater confidence that the investigation will follow the facts wherever they lead." Senator Rob Portman (R-OH) stated, "former FBI dir. Mueller is well qualified to oversee this probe". Newt Gingrich, former Republican Speaker of the House of Representatives and prominent conservative political commentator, stated via Twitter that "Robert Mueller is a superb choice to be special counsel. His reputation is impeccable for honesty and integrity." Some however, were quick to point out an alleged conflict of interest. "The federal code could not be clearer—Mueller is compromised by his apparent conflict of interest in being close with James Comey," Rep. Trent Franks (R-AZ), who first called for Mueller to step down over the summer, said in a statement to Fox News on Friday. "The appearance of a conflict is enough to put Mueller in violation of the code. … All of the revelations in recent weeks make the case stronger."
Upon his appointment as Special Counsel, Mueller and two colleagues (former FBI agent Aaron Zebley and former assistant special prosecutor on the Watergate Special Prosecution Force James L. Quarles III) resigned from WilmerHale. On May 23, 2017, the U.S. Department of Justice ethics experts announced they had declared Mueller ethically able to function as special counsel. The spokesperson for the special counsel is Peter Carr, who told NBC News that Mueller has taken an active role in managing the inquiry. In an interview with the Associated Press, Rosenstein said he would recuse himself from supervision of Mueller, if he himself were to become a subject in the investigation due to his role in the dismissal of James Comey.
On June 14, 2017, the Washington Post reported that Mueller's office is also investigating President Trump personally for possible obstruction of justice, in reference to the Russian probe. The report was questioned by Trump's legal team attorney Jay Sekulow, who said on June 18 on NBC's Meet the Press, "The President is not and has not been under investigation for obstruction, period." Due to the central role in the family, the campaign, the transition, and the White House, the President's son-in-law, Jared Kushner, was under special scrutiny by Mueller. Also in June, Trump allegedly ordered the firing of Robert Mueller, but backed down when the White House Counsel, Donald F. McGahn II, threatened to quit.
During a discussion about national security at the Aspen security conference, on July 21, 2017, former CIA director John Brennan reaffirmed his support for Mueller and called for members of Congress to resist if Trump fires Mueller. He also said it was "the obligation of some executive-branch officials to refuse to carry out some of these orders that, again, are inconsistent with what this country is all about." After the firing of Peter Strzok, a central investigator for Mueller, for alleged partiality (bias), Senator Mark Warner, the Ranking Member of the United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence in a speech on December 20, 2017 before the Senate warned of a constitutional crisis if the President fired Mueller.
On October 30, 2017, Mueller filed charges against Paul Manafort and Rick Gates. The 12 charges include conspiracy to launder money, violations of the 1938 Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA) as being an unregistered agent of a foreign principal, false and misleading FARA statements, and conspiracy against the United States.
On December 1, 2017, Mueller reached a plea agreement with former national security adviser Michael T. Flynn, who pleaded guilty to giving false testimony to the FBI about his contacts with Russian Ambassador Sergey Kislyak. As part of Flynn's negotiations, his son, Michael G. Flynn, is not expected to be charged, and Flynn is prepared to testify that high level officials on Trump's team directed him to make contact with the Russians. On February 16, 2018, Mueller indicted 13 Russian individuals and 3 Russian companies for attempting to trick Americans into consuming Russian propaganda that targeted Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton.
On February 20, 2018, Mueller charged attorney Alex van der Zwaan with making false statements in the Russia probe.
Personal life
Mueller met his future wife, Ann Cabell Standish, at a high school party when they were 17. Standish attended Miss Porter's School in Farmington, Connecticut, and Sarah Lawrence College, before working as a special-education teacher for children with learning disabilities. In September 1966, they married at St. Stephen's Episcopal Church in Sewickley, Pennsylvania. They have two daughters and three grandchildren. One of their daughters was born with spina bifida.
In 2001, Mueller's Senate confirmation hearings to head the FBI were delayed several months while he underwent treatment for prostate cancer. He was diagnosed in the fall of 2000, postponing being sworn in as FBI director until he received a good prognosis from his physician.
Although raised Presbyterian, he became an Episcopalian later in life.
References
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Robert Mueller is superb choice to be special counsel. His reputation is impeccable for honesty and integrity. Media should now calm down
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{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - "Trump's ex-national security adviser Michael Flynn pleads guilty to lying to FBI". The Guardian. December 1, 2017. Archived from the original on January 11, 2018.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - Leonnig, Carol D.; Dawsey, Josh; Barrett, Devlin; Zapotosky, Matt (December 1, 2017). "Michael Flynn pleads guilty to lying to the FBI". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved December 1, 2017.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - Schmidt, Michael S. (December 1, 2017). "Documents Reveal New Details on What Trump Team Knew About Flynn's Calls With Russia's Ambassador". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved December 1, 2017.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - Barrett, Devlin; Horwitz, Sari; Helderman, Rosalind S. (February 16, 2018). "Russian troll farm, 13 suspects indicted for interference in U.S. election". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
- Voreacos, David (February 20, 2018). "Trump Defiant Despite Mueller's Warning Shot on Russia Meddling". Bloomberg. Retrieved February 20, 2018.
- Kahn, Matthew (February 20, 2018). "Document: Alex Van Der Zwaan Information". Lawfare Blog. Retrieved February 20, 2018.
- Thomsen, Jacqueline (February 20, 2018). "Mueller charges man with lying about communications with Trump campaign staffer". The Hill. Retrieved February 20, 2018.
- Graff, Garrett M. (2011). The Threat Matrix: Inside Robert Mueller's FBI and the War on Global Terror. Little, Brown. p. 108. ISBN 9780316120883. Archived from the original on February 10, 2018. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - Shannon, Elaine; Cooper, Matthew (July 16, 2001). "The FBI's Top Gun". Time. Archived from the original on July 23, 2014. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - "Ann Cabell Standish Engaged to Robert Swan Mueller 3d". The New York Times. July 3, 1966. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
- "9 Are Attendants Of Ann Standish At Her Wedding; She Is Bride of Robert Mueller 3d, Alumnus of Princeton U." The New York Times. September 4, 1966. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
- "Attorney General Eric Holder Delivers Remarks at the Farewell Ceremony for FBI Director Robert S. Mueller". United States Department of Justice. August 1, 2013. Archived from the original on August 4, 2017. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - Slater, Joanna (June 18, 2017). "Meet Robert Mueller: The 'unique' figure in Washington investigating Trump". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on June 23, 2017. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - Hancock, Larry (2015). Surprise Attack: From Pearl Harbor to 9/11 to Benghazi. Counterpoint. p. 205. ISBN 9781619026575. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
- Altman, Lawrence K.; Johnston, David (August 15, 2001). "View After Cancer Surgery Is Good for F.B.I. Director". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 4, 2017. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - "Archived copy". Archived from the original on February 8, 2018. Retrieved January 21, 2018.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
Further reading
- Graff, Garrett (August 1, 2008). "The Ultimate G-Man: Robert Mueller Remakes the FBI". Washingtonian.
- Graff, Garrett (September 1, 2008). "Robert Mueller: Taking on the Terrorists". Washingtonian.
- Mayer, Jane (2009). The Dark Side. New York: Anchor Books. ISBN 978-0307456298.
- Graff, Garrett (2011), The Threat Matrix: Inside Robert Mueller's FBI and the War on Global Terror, Little, Brown and Company, ISBN 978-0316068611
External links
- Profile at the Federal Bureau of Investigation and staff
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Robert Mueller on Charlie Rose
- Robert Mueller at IMDb
- Template:Worldcat id
- Robert Mueller collected news and commentary at The New York Times
| Legal offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded byBill Weld | United States Attorney for the District of Massachusetts Acting 1986–1987 |
Succeeded byFrank L. McNamara |
| Preceded byEdward Dennis | United States Assistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division 1990–1993 |
Succeeded byJo Ann Harris |
| Preceded byMichael Yamaguchi | United States Attorney for the Northern District of California 1998–2001 |
Succeeded byKevin Ryan |
| Preceded byEric Holder | United States Deputy Attorney General Acting 2001 |
Succeeded byLarry Thompson |
| Government offices | ||
| Preceded byLouis Freeh | Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation 2001–2013 |
Succeeded byJames Comey |
| Awards and achievements | ||
| Preceded byGary Sinise | Recipient of the Sylvanus Thayer Award 2016 |
Succeeded byGeorge W. Bush |
| Directors of the Federal Bureau of Investigation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Bureau of Investigation |  | |
| Federal Bureau of Investigation | ||
| Italics denotes an Acting Director. | ||
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