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Stawiski
Stawiski panorama with the view of Church at the Main Square
Coat of arms
Stawiski
Coordinates: 53°22′N 22°9′E / 53.367°N 22.150°E / 53.367; 22.150
Country	Poland
Voivodeship	Podlaskie
County	Kolno
Gmina	Stawiski
Area
• Total	13.28 km (5.13 sq mi)
Population
• Total	2,442
• Density	180/km (480/sq mi)
Postal code	18-520
Website	http://www.stawiski.pl

Stawiski is a town in north-eastern Poland, situated within Kolno County, in Podlaskie Voivodeship, approximately 16 kilometres (10 miles) east of Kolno and 74 kilometres (46 miles) west of the regional capital Białystok. Stawiski is the administrative seat of Gmina Stawiski. From 1946 to 1975 it belonged administratively to Białystok Voivodeship, and from 1975 to 1998 to Łomża Voivodeship. The town is situated on the Dzierzbia River.

According to Central Statistical Office (Poland), the population of Stawiski as of 31 December 2008 was 2,417 persons.

History

Stawiski was established in 1407–1411. It received city rights around 1688. The Franciscan Order built a monastery there in 1791. The monks were expelled from Stawiski in 1867 during the Partitions, as punishment for supporting the Polish January Uprising against the Russian imperial rule. The town was destroyed by fire in 1812 in the course of the French campaign against Russia, and rebuilt again, to become trades and commercial centre known for its furs, fabrics and hats in Congress Poland. Stawiski was burned to the ground once more during the Russian–Prussian war of 1915, soon before the re-establishment of the sovereign Republic of Poland. The Polish army fought a battle with the Bolsheviks there in July 1920 during the Polish-Soviet War.

Jewish community

Jewish life in Sawiski has been separate from the rest of the inhabitants of the town. Jews established many own institutions, including synagogues, and Jewish schools, libraries, and other organizations. By 1932, over 50% of the Stawiski population was Jewish, numbering approximately 2,000 people. During the Invasion of Poland in September 1939, Stawiski was initially occupied by the Nazi Germany. The Germans sent the Jewish men of the town to a camp in East Prussia, with their business looted. Upon the Soviet take over one month later, towns administration was abolished and replaced with local communists. The Soviet terror lingered until the Germans returned to the town during Operation Barbarossa in June 1941, and in early July 1941 instigated a pogrom in which Polish locals murdered some 300 Jews. One the 15th of August the German Einsatzkommando murdered most of Jewish inhabitants, near Mątwica. The the Germans set the Great Synagogue on fire. Some 60 Jews remained, mainly skillful workers and their families, who were confined to a ghetto. On 2 November 1942, the ghetto was closed and its occupants were transferred to a larger Łomża Ghetto, and from there sent to Auschwitz and Treblinka extermination camps. Only few out of the 2000 Jewish inhabitans of the town survived the Holocaust. The fate of the Jews of Stawiski was similar to what occurred in neighboring towns of Jedwabne and Radziłów. The atrocity in Jedwabne took place on July 10, 1941 and the massacre in Stawiski a day earlier thus linking perpetrators and victims.

Economy

The main branch of local economy is agriculture, based on individual arable farms producing crops for local processing as well as raising farm animals for the market. Apart from farming, trade and service industries cover the needs of the inhabitants. The overall number of people employed in the gmina's economy is 3,545. The breakdown of main employment sectors is as follows. Farming and forestry: 2,304. Industry: 177. Trade and services: 727. Education, health services: 288. Administration and policing: 35.

The town's revenue in 2003 (including its surroundings) amounted 4.299 mln zloty. Net income was 900,000 zloty. However, expenses of the commune exceeded its profits in that period, and amounted to 4.679 mln zloty. Gross revenue and net profits fluctuate depending on expenditures in the public sector, such as environmental protection, water management, dump disposal, sewers, etc.

Notable residents

Stawiski is the hometown of the famous chess player Akiba Rubinstein. In the main square, there is a monument to Stanisław Steczkowski Zagończyk, who, together with his four brothers, fought in the underground Polish Home Army in 1942–1945.

References

1. GUS (2009-06-02), Ludność. Stan i struktura w przekroju terytorialnym. Stan w dniu 31 grudnia 2008 r. (PDF)  Template:Pl icon
2. ^ Oficjalna strona miasta Stawiski. Template:Pl icon
3. "Stawiski, Poland [page 17-19; 29-36]". www.jewishgen.org. Retrieved 2018-06-24.
4. "Stawiski - Historia i dzieje Stawisk". 2011-10-02. Retrieved 2018-06-24. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
5. Stavis, Ben. "Stavisk, Poland". astro.temple.edu. Retrieved 2018-06-24.
6. Alexander B. Rossino, Polish "Neighbors" and German Invaders: Contextualizing Anti-Jewish Violence in the Białystok District during the Opening Weeks of Operation Barbarossa, Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry, Volume 16 (2003). Referenced citations: #58. The Partisan: From the Valley of Death to Mount Zion by Yitzhak Arad, and #59. The Lesser of Two Evils: Eastern European Jewry under Soviet Rule, 1939-1941 by Dov Levin.
7. Spector, Shmuel; Wigoder, Geoffrey; Wigoder, Research Associate Institute of Contemporary Jewry Geoffrey (2001). The Encyclopedia of Jewish Life Before and During the Holocaust: Seredina-Buda-Z. NYU Press. ISBN 9780814793787.
8. "Stawiski, Poland (Pages 335 -362)". www.jewishgen.org. Retrieved 2018-06-24.
9. "Jewish community before 1989: Łomża – History," 2010, Virtual Shtetl; Museum of the History of the Polish Jews (Muzeum Historii Żydów Polskich), Warsaw
10. Spector, Shmuel; Wigoder, Geoffrey; Wigoder, Research Associate Institute of Contemporary Jewry Geoffrey (2001). The Encyclopedia of Jewish Life Before and During the Holocaust: Seredina-Buda-Z. NYU Press. ISBN 9780814793787.
11. Stavis, Ben. "Stavisk, Poland". astro.temple.edu. Retrieved 2018-06-24.
12. Antony Polonsky, Joanna B. Michlic (2009). The Neighbors Respond: The Controversy over the Jedwabne Massacre. Princeton University Press. p. 62. ISBN 1400825814. Retrieved 16 April 2015. Poles and Jews: How Deep the Guilt? by Adam Michnik, New York Times, March 17, 2001 (quoted). {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

Media related to Stawiski at Wikimedia Commons

53°23′N 22°10′E / 53.383°N 22.167°E / 53.383; 22.167

• Cities and towns in Podlaskie Voivodeship
• Kolno County
• Białystok Voivodeship (1919–39)
• Holocaust locations in Poland