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Phenology is the study of the times of recurring natural phenomena especially in relation to climate change.

This usually means recording and comparing the life cycles of plants and animals, for example the dates of bird migration, plant budding, flowering or fruiting, insect activities, stages of birth and death are all annual events of interest to phenologists.

Records from the past

In Japan and China the time of blossoming of cherry and peach trees is associated with ancient festivals and some of these dates can be traced back to the eighth century. Such records form an important part of climate change research.

The pinot noir grape can also be used in historical phenology. Writing in Nature, Isabelle Chiune and coworkers describe how French records of pinot noir grape-harvest dates in Burgundy can be used to reconstruct spring–summer temperatures from 1370 to 2003. Chiune found that 2003 summer temperatures were probably higher than in any other year since 1370 (see global warming). Chiune goes on to state

The inferred anomaly for the summer of 2003 represents an unprecedented event. It was +5.86 °C warmer than the reference period (1960–1989), whereas the next highest anomaly during the whole period was +4.10°C in 1523. This confirms and refines the conclusions of previous studies about the exceptional warmth of the 2003 summer in France.

(data and quote from Nature 432, 289 - 290 (18 November 2004); doi:10.1038/432289a).

External links

• UK Phenology network
• Nature Detectives - UK Phenology for under 18s
• Naturewatch: A Canadian Phenology project

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