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Steve Irwin

Born	February 22, 1962 Essendon, Victoria, Australia.
Died	September 4, 2006 Batt Reef, Queensland, Australia
Occupation(s)	Naturalist, Zoologist, Conservationist, Television Personality
Spouse	Terri Irwin
Children	Bindi Sue and Robert (Bob) Clarence
Website	CrocodileHunter.com.au

Stephen Robert Irwin (February 22, 1962 – September 4, 2006), nicknamed "The Crocodile Hunter", was an Australian conservationist and television personality. He achieved world-wide fame from the television program The Crocodile Hunter, an internationally-broadcast wildlife documentary series co-hosted with his wife Terri Irwin. Together with his wife, he also co-owned and operated Australia Zoo in Beerwah, Queensland, founded by his parents.

Early years

Born to Lyn and Bob Irwin in Essendon, a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Irwin moved with his parents as a child to Queensland in 1970. When Steve was young he used to catch crocodiles with his dad.Irwin described his father as a wildlife expert interested in herpetology whilst his mother Lyn was a wildlife rehabilitator. After moving to Queensland, Bob and Lyn Irwin started the small Queensland Reptile and Fauna Park, where Steve grew up around crocodiles and other reptiles.

Irwin became involved with the park in a number of ways, including taking part in daily animal feeding, as well as care and maintenance activities. On his sixth birthday he was given a 12-foot scrub python. He began handling crocodiles at the age of nine after his father had educated him on reptiles from an early age. Also at age nine he wrestled his first crocodile, again under his father's supervision. He graduated from Caloundra State High School in 1979. He soon moved to Northern Queensland, where he became a crocodile trapper, removing crocodiles from populated areas where they were considered a danger. He performed the service for free with the quid pro quo that he be allowed to keep them for the park. Crocodiles that he caught were sent down to the family zoo. He stayed in North Queensland for around five years. Irwin followed in his father's footsteps, becoming a volunteer for the Queensland Government's East Coast Crocodile Management program.

Career

Rise to fame

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The park was a family run business until it was turned over to Irwin. He took over the running of the park, now called Australia Zoo (renaming it in 1992). Also that year, he appeared in a one-off reptile and wildlife special for television. In 1991, he met Terri Raines at the park, whilst performing a demonstration. The two married in June 1992, in Eugene, Oregon. The footage, shot by John Stainton, of their crocodile-trapping honeymoon became the first episode of The Crocodile Hunter. The series debuted on Australian TV screens in 1996, and by the following year had made its way onto North American television. The Crocodile Hunter became successful in the United States and also, after repackaging by Partridge Films for ITV, in the UK. In 1998 he continued, working with producer and director Mark Strickson, to present The Ten Deadliest Snakes in the World. By 1999, he had become very popular in the United States, making his first appearance on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. By this time, the Crocodile Hunter series was now broadcast in over 137 countries, reaching 500 million people. His exuberant and enthusiastic presenting style, broad Australian accent, constant wearing of khakis, and catchphrase "Crikey!" became known worldwide.

Under Irwin's leadership, the operations grew to include the zoo, the television series, the Steve Irwin Conservation Foundation (renamed Wildlife Warriors), and the International Crocodile Rescue. Improvements to the Australia Zoo include the Animal Planet Crocoseum, the rainforest aviary and Tiger Temple. Irwin mentioned that he was considering opening an Australia Zoo in Las Vegas, Nevada, and possibly at other sites around the world.

Film

File:Crocodile Hunter film.jpg

Irwin in the The Crocodile Hunter: Collision Course.

In 2001, Irwin appeared in a cameo role in the Eddie Murphy film Dr. Dolittle 2. Irwin's only starring feature film role was in 2002's The Crocodile Hunter: Collision Course, which was released to mixed reviews. In the film Irwin (who portrayed himself and performed numerous stunts) mistakes some CIA agents for poachers. He sets out to stop them from capturing a crocodile, which, unknown to him, has actually swallowed a tracking transmitter. The film won the Best Family Feature Film award for a comedy film at the Young Artist Awards. The film was produced on a budget of about $12 million, and has grossed $33 million. To promote the film, Irwin was featured in an animated short produced by Animax Entertainment for Intermix. In 2003 Irwin was reportedly in line to host a chat show on Australian network television, a series that never went into production. In 2002, the Irwins appeared in the Wiggles video/dvd release Wiggly Safari, which was set in Irwin's Australia Zoo. It featured Irwin-themed songs written and performed by the Wiggles such as "Crocodile Hunter", "Australia Zoo", "Snakes (You can look but you better not touch)" and "We're The Crocodile Band". Irwin was featured prominently on the cover and throughout the movie.

Animal Planet

File:Croc Files.jpg

Croc Files

Animal Planet ended The Crocodile Hunter with a series finale entitled "Steve's Last Adventure." The last Crocodile Hunter documentary spanned three hours with footage of Irwin's across-the-world adventure in locations including the Himalayas, the Yangtze River, Borneo, and the Kruger National Park. Irwin went on to star in other Animal Planet documentaries, including The Croc Files, The Crocodile Hunter Diaries, and New Breed Vets.

Later projects

In January 2006 as part of "Australia Week" celebrations in the USA, Irwin appeared at the Pauley Pavilion, UCLA in Los Angeles, California. During an interview on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Irwin announced that Discovery Kids would be developing a show for his daughter, Bindi Sue Irwin. The show, Jungle Girl, was tipped to be similar to The Wiggles movies, with songs that surround a story. A feature-length episode of Australian kids TV show The Wiggles entitled "Wiggly Safari" appears dedicated to Irwin, and he's featured in it heavily with his wife and daughter. The show includes the song "Crocodile Hunter, Big Steve Irwin".

In 2006, the American network The Travel Channel had begun to show a series of specials starring Irwin and his family as they travelled on cross-country tours.

Media work

A poster from Irwin's *Quarantine Matters!* campaign.

Irwin was also involved in several media campaigns. He enthusiastically joined with the Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service to promote Australia's strict quarantine/customs requirements, with advertisements and posters featuring slogans such as, "Quarantine Matters! Don't muck with it". His payments for these advertising campaigns were directed into his wildlife fund.

In 2004 he was appointed ambassador for The Ghan, the passenger train running from Adelaide to Alice Springs in the central Australian outback, when the line was extended all the way to Darwin on the northern coast that year. For some time he was sponsored by Toyota.

He was also a keen promoter for Australian tourism in general and Queensland tourism in particular. In 2002 the Australia Zoo was voted Queensland's top tourist attraction. His immense popularity in the United States meant he often promoted Australia as a tourist destination there.

Honours

In 2001 Irwin was awarded the Centenary Medal for his "service to global conservation and to Australian tourism". In 2004 he was recognised as Tourism Export of the Year. He was also nominated in 2004 for Australian of the Year; an honour which was won by Steve Waugh. Doubts were cast over his nomination when the "baby Bob" incident occurred in January of that year. Shortly before his death, he was to be named an adjunct professor at the University of Queensland's School of Integrative Biology.

Environmentalism

Personal life

Family

In 1992, Irwin married Terri Raines from Eugene, Oregon, United States. The pair had met a few months earlier when Raines had visited the zoo on a holiday. Said Terri at the time, "I thought there was no one like this anywhere in the world. He sounded like an environmental Tarzan, a larger-than-life superhero guy." Together they had two children: a daughter, Bindi Sue Irwin (born July 24, 1998), and a son, Robert Clarence "Bob" Irwin (born December 1, 2003). Bindi Sue is jointly named after two of Steve Irwin's favourite animals: Bindi, a saltwater crocodile, and Sui, a Staffordshire Bull Terrier who died in June 2004.

Irwin was as enthusiastic about his family as he was about his work. He once described his daughter Bindi as "the reason he was put on the Earth." His wife once said, "The only thing that could ever keep him away from the animals he loves are the people he loves even more. "

Controversy

Some controversy arose during a public show on January 2, 2004, when Irwin carried his one-month-old son, Bob, in his arm while hand-feeding a chicken carcass to Murray, a 3.8-metre (12.5-foot) saltwater crocodile. The infant was close to the crocodile, and comparisons were made in the press to Michael Jackson's dangling his son outside a German hotel window (in the attempt to present his son to the crowd of fans). In addition, child welfare groups, animal rights groups, and some of Irwin's television viewers criticised his actions as irresponsible and tantamount to child abuse. Despite public outcry by some in Australia and abroad, Irwin refused to apologise for the incident. Both he and his wife publicly stated that Irwin was in complete control of the situation, as he had dealt with crocodiles since he was a small child, and based on his lifetime of experience neither he nor his son were in any danger. Terri Irwin claimed their child was in no more danger than one being taught to swim. No charges were filed; according to one journalist, Irwin told officials he would not repeat the action. The incident prompted the Queensland government to change its crocodile-handling laws, banning children and untrained adults from entering crocodile enclosures.

In June 2004, allegations were made that he disturbed wildlife (namely whales, seals and penguins) while filming a documentary, Ice Breaker, in Antarctica. The matter was subsequently closed without charges being filed.

Animal Planet released a "Crocodile Hunter" special called "Confessions of the Crocodile Hunter" which attempted to explain some of the incidents. This special argues that Irwin's son was never in danger of being eaten by the crocodile, and that Irwin was of no threat to the animals in Antarctica.

Politics

After questions arose about Irwin being paid $175,000 worth of taxpayers' money to appear in a television advertisement and his possible political ties, Irwin told ABC:

I love John Howard, and that's the way I am. So everyone thinks I'm, like, this diehard Liberal supporter. I'm not! I'm not. I'm sitting on the fence, mate; I'm a conservationist. I can't afford to be one way or the other. I just have to run straight up the middle, mate. I have to get on with whoever's in power. And to tell you the truth, the best speech that popped up in Parliament House when George Bush was here was Simon Crean. Here's a bloke who actually disagreed with Iraq, OK, so he put forward the most eloquent speech, which really boosted his profile in my eyes. By crikey, I thought, Simon did the best one there, which is fantastic. So I appreciate good work when I see it, and that's all it is.

His comments describing John Howard as the "greatest leader in the world" earned him scorn in the media.

Search and rescue effort in Mexico

In November 2003, Irwin was filming a documentary on sea lions off the coast of Mexico's Baja California Peninsula when he heard via his boat's radio that two scuba divers were reported missing in the area. Irwin and his entire crew suspended operations to aid in the search. His team's divers searched with the rescue divers, and Irwin used his vessel to patrol the waters around the island where the incident occurred, as well as using his satellite communications system to call in a rescue plane. On the second day of the search, kayakers found one of the divers, Scott Jones, perched on a narrow ledge of rocks over waters with dangerous currents. Irwin and a crewmember escorted him to Irwin's boat. Jones reported not recognising his celebrity rescuer as he had never seen Irwin on television. The other lost diver, Katie Vrooman, was found dead later the same day by a search plane not far from Jones's location.

Sports fan

Having grown up in Essendon, Irwin was a fan of the Essendon Bombers, an Australian rules football club in the Australian Football League. Irwin took part in an Australian Rules football promotion in Los Angeles as part of "Australia Week" in early 2006. After his death, a picture of Irwin wearing a Bombers guernsey was shown by ESPN.com in their Bottom 10 ranking of the worst Division I-A college football teams after Week 1 of the season in tribute to him.

Living in Queensland most of his life, Irwin was also a fan of Rugby League. As a teenager he played for the Caloundra Sharks as a second-rower, and as an adult he was known to be a passionate Brisbane Broncos fan and was involved with the club on several occasions. On one occasion after turning up to training he asked if he could tackle the largest player, Shane Webcke. Despite being thrown to the ground and looking like he'd been crushed he was jovial about the experience. Irwin laughingly shared the experience with the Queensland State of Origin squad before the 2006 series. Irwin also supported rugby union, being a fan of the national team, the Wallabies. He once wore Wallaby jersey during a demonstration at the zoo. A behind-the-scenes episode of The Crocodile Hunter showed Irwin and the crew finding a gas station in a remote part of Namibia to watch the Wallabies defeat France in the 1999 Rugby World Cup Final. Irwin was also a talented surfer.

Other personal information

Irwin was born on his mother's birthday.
Irwin was particularly interested in Singapore Zoo, which he considered a sister institution of the Australia Zoo.
Irwin loved mixed martial arts competitions and trained with Greg Jackson in the fighting/grappling system of Gaidojutsu.
Irwin said on an interview for the Discovery Networks that he would only stop his wildlife conservation efforts when his children took hold of the operation, just as he had done with his father.
In 2004, during an interview with Larry King, he admitted that after receiving many painful bites he had a fear of parrots.
In 2005, in an interview for New Idea, he told the magazine he was afraid of being killed in a car crash.
Claims that he had joined a church a short time before his death appear to be urban legend.
According to Terri, Sir David Attenborough was a inspiration to Irwin. When presenting a Lifetime Achievement Award to Attenborough at the British National Television Awards on October 31, 2006 she said "If there's one person who directly inspired my husband it's the person being honoured tonight." she went on to say "(Steve's) real, true love was conservation - and the influence of tonight's recipient in preserving the natural world has been immense." Sir Attenborough reciprocated with praising Irwin for introducing many to the natural world, saying "He taught them how wonderful and exciting it was, he was a born communicator."

Death

Shortly after 01:00 UTC (11:00 AEST) on September 4, 2006, Irwin was fatally pierced in the chest by a stingray spine while snorkelling at the Great Barrier Reef, at Batt Reef, which is located off the coast of Port Douglas in Queensland. Irwin was in the area filming his own documentary, to be called The Ocean's Deadliest, but weather had stalled filming. Irwin decided to take the opportunity to film some shallow water shots for a segment in the television program his daughter Bindi was hosting, when, according to his friend and colleague, John Stainton, he swam too close to one of the animals, an ordinarily harmless stingray. "He came on top of the stingray and the stingray's barb went up and into his chest and put a hole into his heart," said Stainton, who was on board Irwin's boat the Croc One.

The events were caught on camera, and a copy of the footage was handed to the Queensland Police. After reviewing the footage of the incident and speaking to the cameraman who recorded it, marine documentary filmmaker and former spearfisherman Ben Cropp speculated that the stingray "felt threatened because Steve was alongside and there was the cameraman ahead". In such a case, the stingray responds to danger by automatically flexing the serrated spine on its tail (which can measure up to 25 cm or about 10 inches in length) in an upward motion.

Cropp said Irwin had accidentally boxed in the animal. "It stopped and twisted and threw up its tail with the spike, and it caught him in the chest. It's a defensive thing. It's like being stabbed with a dirty dagger". The stinging of Irwin by the bull ray was "a one-in-a-million thing," Cropp told Time magazine. "I have swum with many rays, and I have only had one do that to me."

Initially, when Irwin's colleague, John Stainton, was interviewed by CNN's Larry King late on September 4, 2006 he denied the suggestion that Irwin had pulled the spine out of his chest, or that he had seen footage of the event, insisting that the anecdote was "absolute rubbish." The following day, when he first described the video to the media, he stated, "Steve came over the top of the ray and the tail came up, and spiked him here , and he pulled it out and the next minute he's gone". It is thought, in the absence of a coroner's report, that a combination of the toxins and the puncture wound from the spine caused Irwin to die of cardiac arrest, with most damage being inflicted by tears to arteries or other main blood vessels. A similar incident in Florida a month later in which a man survived a stingray barb through the heart showed that, ironically, Irwin may have caused his own death by removing the barb. Until the coroner's report is released, however, the precise cause of Irwin's death remains conjecture.

Crew members aboard his boat called the emergency services in the nearest city of Cairns and administered CPR as they rushed the boat to the nearby Low Islets to meet a rescue helicopter. Medical staff pronounced Irwin dead when they arrived a short time later. According to Dr. Ed O'Loughlin, who treated Irwin, "it became clear fairly soon that he had non-survivable injuries. . . . He had a penetrating injury to the left front of his chest. He had lost his pulse and wasn't breathing."

Irwin's body was flown to a morgue in Cairns. His wife, Terri Irwin, was on a walking tour in Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park in Tasmania at the time, and returned via a private plane from Devonport to the Sunshine Coast with their two children.

Fatalities due to stingrays are infrequent but occurrences are not collated. The attack on Irwin is believed to be the only fatality from a stingray ever captured on film.

Speculations have surfaced which suggest the tape of Steve Irwin's death may be released for broadcast on television. However, the opposite has also been stated. Irwin's friend and manager John Stainton told CNN's Larry King " should be destroyed". Nevertheless, Irwin had commented that, if he were to be killed by an animal, he would want the incident filmed. However, in an ABC interview with Barbara Walters, Irwin's wife Terri said she hasn't seen the film of her husband's deadly encounter with the stingray and that it won't ever be shown on television.

Reaction

News of his death prompted widespread shock. Australian Prime Minister John Howard expressed his "shock and distress" at the death, saying that "Australia has lost a wonderful and colourful son." Queensland Premier Peter Beattie commented in a Channel Seven television interview that Irwin "will be remembered as not just a great Queenslander, but a great Australian". Several Australian news websites went down because of high web traffic and for the first time the top 10 list of most viewed stories for Fairfax Digital news sites were swept by one topic. Talk-back radio experienced a high volume of callers expressing their grief.

The U.S. feed of the Animal Planet cable television channel aired a special tribute to Steve Irwin that started on Monday, 4 September 2006. The tribute continued with the Animal Planet channel showing highlights of Irwin's more than 200 appearances on Discovery Networks shows. The president of the Discovery Network, Billy Campbell, released a statement, saying:

Our entire company is deeply saddened by the tragic and sudden loss of Steve Irwin, the Crocodile Hunter. Steve was beloved by millions of fans and animal lovers around the world and was one of our planet's most passionate conservationists. He has graced our air since October 1996 and was essential in building Animal Planet into a global brand.

On the evening of his death, Enough Rope re-broadcast an interview between Irwin and Andrew Denton originally broadcast in 2003. CNN showed a repeat of his interview on Larry King Live, originally recorded in 2004. The Australian federal parliament opened on September 5, 2006 with condolence speeches by both the Prime Minister John Howard and the Leader of the Opposition Kim Beazley. The Seven Network aired a television memorial show as a tribute to Irwin on 5 September 2006, as did the Nine Network on September 6, 2006.

Jay Leno delivered a tribute to Irwin, describing him as a great ambassador of Australia. Irwin appeared on Leno's talk show on more than ten occasions. There were also tributes on Live with Regis & Kelly and Barbara Walters' The View; on the former show, Kelly Ripa came close to tears with her praise of Irwin.

Hundreds of people visited Australia Zoo to pay tribute to the deceased entertainer and conservationist. The day after his death, the volume of people visiting the zoo to pay their respects affected traffic so much that police reduced the speed limit around the Glass House Mountains Road and told motorists to expect delays. BBC reported on September 13, 2006 that thousands of fans have been to Australia Zoo since Irwin's death, bringing flowers, candles, stuffed animals and messages of support.

In the weeks after his death, Irwin's conservation foundation Wildlife Warriors reported that thousands of people from around the world were offering their support via donations to the conservation group.

Criticism

Dan Mathews, vice-president of animal rights group People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, said it was "no shock at all that Steve Irwin should die provoking a dangerous animal". He added that " made his career out of antagonising frightened wild animals, that's a very dangerous message to send to children." He also made a comparison with another well known conservationist: "If you compare him with a responsible conservationist like Jacques Cousteau, he looks like a cheap reality TV star." The son of Jacques Cousteau, Jean-Michel Cousteau, also a producer of wildlife documentaries, also took issue with Irwin's hands-on approach to nature television. Cousteau asserted "You don't touch nature, you just look at it." Although it "goes very well on television", Irwin's approach would "interfere with nature, jump on animals, grab them, hold them, and have this very, very spectacular, dramatic way of presenting things" which Cousteau felt is "very misleading". Jacques Cousteau's grandson Phillipe Cousteau (not his son Philippe Cousteau), on the other hand, was working with Irwin on the "Ocean's Deadliest" project at the time of his death, and called Irwin "a remarkable individual". Describing their project, he said "I think why Steve was so excited about it that we were looking at these animals that people think of as, you know, dangerous and deadly monsters, and they're not. They all have an important place in the environment and in the world. And that was what his whole message was about."

Backlash

In the wake of Irwin's death, at least ten stingrays were found dead and mutilated on the beaches of Queensland, prompting some speculation that the killings were done as revenge by fans of Irwin. The tails of the stingrays had been cut off. Wayne Sumpton of the state fisheries department said that fishermen who inadvertently capture stingrays sometimes cut off their tails to avoid being stung, but that the practice was "uncommon". Michael Hornby, the executive director of Irwin's conservation group Wildlife Warriors, said he was concerned the rays were being hunted and killed in retaliation for the TV star's death. He said killing stingrays was "not what Steve was about."

Funeral and memorials

Queensland Premier Peter Beattie extended the offer of a state funeral to Irwin's family, an honour also agreed to by Prime Minister John Howard. The family decided that such a funeral wouldn't be appropriate. Steve Irwin's father, Bob Irwin, stated that his son would not have wanted such an honour, and would want to be remembered as an "ordinary bloke". Beattie stated he would honour the decision of the Irwin family regarding their arrangements. Irwin was farewelled by family and friends at a private funeral service held at Caloundra on the afternoon of 9 September.The naturalist was buried in a private ceremony at the zoo on the same day.

Memorial service

A public service was held at the 5,500-seat Animal Planet Crocoseum at Australia Zoo on Wednesday morning September 20, 2006. The service was broadcast live, commercial free, in the eastern states of Australia, by free-to-air channels Seven, Nine and the ABC in Australia, as well as live on subscription channel Sky News Australia. In addition, it was broadcast live around the world, particularly the United States, where the service was broadcast commercial free on Animal Planet, as well as to Asia and Germany. A BBC camera crew was also sent especially to Australia to cover the memorial service for the United Kingdom. It is estimated that over 300 million viewers worldwide watched the service..

Messages from around the world came from people including Hugh Jackman, Cameron Diaz, Justin Timberlake, Kevin Costner, Russell Crowe and Larry King. Costner called him a "fearless" man who was brave enough to let people see him as he was.

Crowe said in his recorded tribute:

We have lost a friend, a champion. It will take some time to adjust to that.

The Prime Minister John Howard made an early speech at the service, as did Irwin's father Bob and his daughter Bindi, who said:

My Daddy was my hero – he was always there for me when I needed him. He listened to me and taught me so many things, but most of all he was fun.
I know that Daddy had an important job. He was working to change the world so everyone would love wildlife like he did. He built a hospital to help animals and he bought lots of land to give animals a safe place to live.
He took me and my brother and my Mum with him all the time. We filmed together, caught crocodiles together and loved being in the bush together.
I don't want Daddy's passion to ever end. I want to help endangered wildlife just like he did.
I have the best Daddy in the whole world and I will miss him every day. When I see a crocodile I will always think of him and I know that Daddy made this zoo so everyone could come and learn to love all the animals. Daddy made this place his whole life and now it’s our turn to help Daddy.

Wes Mannion and John Stainton also made speeches and David Wenham read a poem. Anthony Field from The Wiggles partly hosted the service, oftentimes sharing the screen with various animals, from koalas to elephants, and Australian music star John Williamson sang True Blue, which was Irwin's favourite song. Professor Craig Franklin of the University of Queensland told the crowd that the university was about to make Irwin an adjunct professor for his contributions to the study of crocodiles. In a symbolic finish to the service, Irwin's truck was loaded up with gear and driven out of the arena for the last time as Williamson sang.

In a final tribute, Australia Zoo staff spelled out Irwin's catchphrase "Crikey" in yellow flowers as Irwin's truck was driven from the "Crocoseum" for the last time to end the service. Flags on the Sydney Harbour Bridge flew at half mast on the day of the memorial service.

Other Australian memorials

Several permanent memorials for Irwin have already been considered or announced. Premier Peter Beattie suggested a national park be named after Irwin or a permanent memorial might be constructed in his honour, though the details of the structure would depend on Irwin's family.
On September 27, 2006, Premier Peter Beattie renamed a street outside Australia Zoo Steve Irwin Way, in honour of "Queensland's most well-known ambassador ever".

American memorials

Animal Planet will rename the garden in front of Discovery's world headquarters in Silver Spring, Montgomery County, Maryland, USA, to the "Steve Irwin Memorial Garden".

Animal Planet is also creating the Steve Irwin Crocodile Hunter Fund called the "The Crikey Fund" to "provide a way for people from across the globe to make contributions in Irwin's honor to support wildlife protection, education and conservation".

Animal Planet also recently ran The Crocodile Hunter Diaries marathon on air to pay tribute to Irwin.

Controversial memorials

See also: Hell on Earth 2006#Controversy.

On October 25, 2006, the animated comedy series, South Park aired an episode featuring Satan hosting a Halloween party, with Irwin showing up with the stingray hanging out of his chest. (See also: South Park outrages Irwin fans)

Notes and references

"Biography: Steve Irwin". The Australian. News Limited. 4 September 2006. Retrieved 2006-09-04. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
Wulff, Jennifer (Sept 18, 2006). "Wild by Nature. (STEVE IRWIN 1962-2006)". People Weekly. 66 (12). Time, Inc: 60. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
Platt, R: "A Natural Presenter at One With Nature" The Guardian. 5 September 2006
Lee, Sandra (18 June 2000). "Wild Thing". USA Weekend Magazine. Retrieved 2006-09-04. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ King, Larry (2004-11-25). "LARRY KING LIVE Interview With Steve Irwin". CNN. Cable News Network LP, LLLP. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
"The Crocodile Hunter:Collision Course". Box Office Mojo. Box Office Mojo, LLC.
"The Crocodile Hunter". Animax. Retrieved 2006-09-10.
The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, 13 January 2006.
^ Willis, Louise (2003-11-04). "PM - Steve Irwin defends quarantine ad". ABC. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
Google cache copy of a Toyota Australia page: Crikey! Steve Irwin loves his Toyotas!
^ King Murdoch, Anna (10 June 2003). "He's smart, by crikey". The Age. The Age Company Ltd. Retrieved 2006-09-04. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
Elliot, Geoff (27 January 2006). "Keep it simple, mate". The Australian. News Limited. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)Copy at www.australianmade.com.au
www.itsanhonour.gov.au
Crocodile Hunter: Croc Hunter Wins Top Export Gong, copy of Sunshine Coast Daily article, originally published 10 December 2004.
"Irwin defends stunt". Sydney Morning Herald. 2004-01-06. Retrieved 2006-09-04. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
"Irwin was set to be academic". NEWS.com.au. 2006-09-20. Retrieved 2006-09-20. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
Denton, Andrew (2003-10-06). "ENOUGH ROPE with Andrew Denton - episode 30: Steve Irwin". ABC. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
"Death of the crocodile hunter". The First Post. September 4 2006. Retrieved 2006-09-10. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
Wildlife Warriors: In the Media 2006, copy of an article from Australian Women's Weekly, August 2006.
Tait, Paul (2006-09-04). "Australia stunned by death of "modern-day Noah"". Reuters.com. Reuters. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
"Elseya irwini". Australian Faunal Directory. Department of the Environment and Heritage, Commonwealth of Australia. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
Robson, Frank (First published April 2002, republished 2006-09-04). "Crikey, it's raw Stevo!". Good Weekend. Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2006-09-05. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
"Reptile Romance". Who Magazine. Time Inc. 2002-11-02. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
Patrick Barkham (2006-09-05). "It's like a part of Australia has died". Guardian Unlimited. Retrieved 2006-09-05. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
"Inquiry into croc baby stunt". bbc.co.uk. BBC. 2004-01-03. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help); Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
O'Rourke, Claire (2004-01-05). "Croc hunter ducks for cover". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2006-09-04. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
"Steve Irwin baby concerns prompt law change". Sydney Morning Herald. 2005-02-24. Retrieved 2006-09-04. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
"Irwin cleared after Penguin Probe". BBC News. 2004-06-15. Retrieved 2006-09-04. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
Devine, Miranda (9 November 2003). "Crikey! Praise for PM puts you in a snake pit". The Sun-Herald. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2006-09-05. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
CDNN: Diver remembers day her scuba buddy died in Baja by Thomas Geyer
"Steve Irwin" The Times Online September 5 2006. URL accessed on 6 September 2006
AFL Match, Steve Irwin Show. URL accessed on 5 September 2006
"The Bottom 10: Have a look at this beauty". ESPN.com. 2006-09-06. Retrieved 2006-09-11. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |firstname= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |lastname= ignored (help)
Our mate Steve. URL accessed on 12 September 2006
Tributes flow for 'true original'. URL accessed on 12 September 2006
"Singapore Sling!". International Crocodile Rescue. Retrieved 16 March. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
Jackson's Gaidojutsu Self Defense www.jacksons.tv. Retrieved 7 September 2006.
"Irwin feared fast cars more than animals". Retrieved 10 September. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
Morris, Linda (2006-09-22). "Christians fed to lyings: Irwin no convert". Sydney Morning Herald. John Fairfax Holdings. Retrieved 2006-09-22. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
"Wildlife legend honoured". ITN News. ITN. 2006-11-01. Retrieved 2006-11-01.
"Terri Irwin presents award to Attenborough". The Australian. News.com.au. 2006-11-02. Retrieved 2006-11-03.
^ "Croc Hunter Irwin killed by stingray". THE AGE. 4 September 2006. Retrieved 2006-09-04. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ Gerard, Ian (4 September 2006). "Steve Irwin's freak death filmed". The Australian. Retrieved 2006-09-04. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
Rory Callinan (4 September 2006). "Death of a Crocodile Hunter". Time Magazine. Retrieved 2006-09-04. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
"Crocodile Hunter Remembered". Retrieved 2006-09-05.
Richard Macey (2006-09-05). "Serrated knife-like barb, not toxins, the likely killer". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2006-09-05. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
"Irwin might have survived: surgeon". Sydney Morning Herald. 2006-10-20. Retrieved 2006-10-20. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
"Stingray Kills 'Crocodile Hunter'". AOL News. 4 September 2006. Retrieved 2006-09-04. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
"How Deadly Are Stingrays?". Slate. Washington Post Company. 5 September 2006. Retrieved 2006-09-15. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
"Stingray Deaths Rare and Agonizing". CNN. Reuters. 4 September 2006. Retrieved 2006-09-04. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
"Crocodile Hunter death to be broadcast?". Contact Music. 5 September 2006. Retrieved 2006-09-07. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
"Irwin's dad: 'I lost my best mate'". CNN. 6 September 2006. Retrieved 2006-09-07. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
"Widow: 'Croc Hunter' thought he'd die young". CNN. Retrieved 2006-09-30. {{cite news}}: Text "27 September 2006" ignored (help)
"Irwin brought joy to millions: PM". The Australian. 2006-09-04. Retrieved 2006-09-04. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
"Irwin family offered state funeral". The Australian. 2006-09-05. Retrieved 2006-09-04. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
"Croc Hunter news consumes the web". theage.com.au. 2006-09-05. Retrieved 2006-09-08. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
Fidler, Richard (2006-09-04). "Tributes flow for Steve Irwin". 612 ABC radio. Retrieved 2006-09-04. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
Reuters "Discovery network mourns Irwin, plans tribute"
^ "Discovery Communications, Inc. Mourns the Death of TV Host and Conservationist Steve Irwin". Discovery Communications. 2006-09-04. Retrieved 2006-09-08. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
Seven Network "Yahoo7 TV Tribute to Steve Irwin"
^ Sydney Morning Herald "Aussie 'Superman' brings tears to US chat shows"
^ "Beattie flags Steve Irwin award, national park". ABC. 2006-09-05. Retrieved 2006-09-07. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ "'Crocoseum' tribute set for Irwin". BBC. 2006-09-13. Retrieved 2006-09-13. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) Cite error: The named reference "BBC060913" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
AAP (2006-09-13). "Irwin's antics 'a danger to children'". The Age. Retrieved 2006-09-13. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
Jeannette Walls, PETA sheds no crocodile tears for Steve Irwin, Msnbc website, retrieved September 14, 2006
"Irwin interfered with nature, says Cousteau". Sydney Morning Herald. 2006-09-20. Retrieved 2006-09-20. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
"Cousteau: Irwin a 'remarkable individual'". CNN. 2006-09-06. Retrieved 2006-10-22. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
"Irwin fans 'in revenge attacks'". BBC. 2006-09-12. Retrieved 2006-09-12. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
"Revenge theory in stingray attacks". CNN. 2006-09-12. Retrieved 2006-09-12. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
"Father rejects state funeral for 'ordinary bloke' son". The Age. 2006-09-07. Retrieved 2006-09-07. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
Robson, Lou (2006-09-10). "Family says private farewell". The Sunday Mail. Retrieved 2006-09-10. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
"300 Million People To Watch Steve Irwin Memorial". ecanadanow.com. 2006-09-19. Retrieved 2006-09-13. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ "Thousands mourn 'Crocodile Hunter'". CNN. 2006-09-20. Retrieved 2006-09-20.
"Don't grieve for Irwin: Father". Herald Sun. 2006-09-19. Retrieved 2006-09-13. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
Terri speaks: the pain of losing the Crocodile Hunter (Retreived 27 September 2006)

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