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Bitcoin forks are defined variantly as changes in the protocol of the bitcoin network or as the situations that occur "when two or more blocks have the same block height". A fork influences the validity of the rules. Forks are typically conducted in order to add new features to a blockchain, to reverse the effects of hacking or catastrophic bugs. Forks require consensus to be resolved or else a permanent split emerges.
Forks of the client software
The following are forks of the software client for the bitcoin network:
All three software clients attempt to increase transaction capacity of the network. None achieved a majority of the hash power.
Intended hard forks splitting the cryptocurrency
Hard forks splitting bitcoin (aka "split coins") are created via changes of the blockchain rules and sharing a transaction history with bitcoin up to a certain time and date. The first hard fork splitting bitcoin happened on 1 August 2017, resulting in the creation of Bitcoin Cash.
The following is a list of hard forks splitting bitcoin by date and/or block:
- Bitcoin Cash: Forked at block 478558, 1 August 2017, for each bitcoin (BTC), an owner got 1 Bitcoin Cash (BCH)
- Bitcoin Gold: Forked at block 491407, 24 October 2017, for each BTC, an owner got 1 Bitcoin Gold (BTG)
- Bitcoin Diamond: Forked at Block 495866, 24 November 2017. Holders of BTC received 10 BCD/BTC.
- Bitcoin Private: Forked at block 511346, 28 February 2018, for each Bitcoin (BTC) or ZClassic (ZCL), an owner got 1 Bitcoin Private (BTCP).
- Bitcoin SV: Forked at block 556766, 15 November 2018, for each Bitcoin Cash (BCH), an owner got 1 Bitcoin SV (BSV).
Intended soft forks splitting from not-most-work block
- The fork fixing the value overflow incident was controversial because it was announced after the exploit was mined.
Unintended hard forks
Two hard forks were created by "protocol change" definition:
- March 2013 Chain Fork (migration from BerkeleyDB to LevelDB caused a chain split)
- CVE-2018-17144 (Bitcoin 0.15 allowed double spending certain inputs in the same block. Not exploited)
References
- Antonopoulos, Andreas (2017). Mastering Bitcoin: Programming the Open Blockchain (2 ed.). USA: O' Reilly media, inc. p. Glossary. ISBN 978-1491954386.
- Ammous, Saifedean (2018). The Bitcoin Standard: The Decentralized Alternative to Central Banking. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 227, 228. ISBN 9781119473893. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
- "Bitcoin Diamond Website". Retrieved 2018-11-23.
- "Bitcoin Diamond (BCD): A Full List Of Bitcoin Diamond Exchanges".
- Terenzi, Carlos (2017-11-25). "Bitcoin Diamond: What is it and What You Should Know About it". CoinStaker. Retrieved 2018-01-15.
- "Bitcoin Diamond (BCD) The only Gainer Among the Top 100 Cryptos, Rises +105% In 24 Hours".
- "Bitcoin Diamond (BCD) and Binance: A 256% Pump Amid the Global Dump".
- Dhaliwal, Shivdeep (2017-12-03). "Is Bitcoin Diamond a Better Bitcoin?". COINTELEGRAPH. Retrieved 2018-01-15.
- "Bitcoin Diamond/Super Bitcoin/BitCore: What You Need To Know".
- March 2013 Chain Fork
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