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The Independent Greeks - National Patriotic Alliance (Template:Lang-el, Anexartitoi Ellines, ANEL) is a conservative, national-conservative, and right-wing populist political party in Greece. The party won 10 seats in the September 2015 parliamentary election and agreed to renew its coalition government with the Coalition of the Radical Left (SYRIZA).

History

The party was created on 24 February 2012 by Panos Kammenos, a former Member of Parliament (MP) for the conservative party New Democracy (ND). Kammenos had been expelled from the New Democracy parliamentary group after voting against Lucas Papademos' coalition government in a vote of confidence. The party's founding declaration was issued on 11 March 2012. Ten former ND deputies were founding members of the party, namely Elena Kountoura, Christos Zois, Kostas Markopoulos [el], Dimitrios G. Stamatis [el], Spyros Galinos, Mika Iatridi [el], Maria Kollia-Tsaroucha, Panagiotis Melas and Michalis Giannakis [el]

On 17 April 2012, the small left-wing anti-bailout party Panhellenic Citizen Chariot reached an election cooperation agreement with the Independent Greeks.

Prior to the May 2012 legislative election, the party had 11 MPs: 10 defectors from New Democracy and one from Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK).

The party gained 10.6% of the vote and 33 MPs in the parliamentary election in May 2012. In the snap June 2012 legislative election, ANEL received 7.5% of the vote, which reduced the party's representation to 20 MPs.

In the 2014 European Parliament election held on 25 May 2014, ANEL received 3.5% of the vote, electing a single MEP who sits with the European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) group. The MEP, Notis Marias, left ANEL, however, and is now an independent member of the ECR group.

In the January 2015 legislative election held on 25 January 2015, ANEL received 4.75% of the vote and returned 13 MPs to the Hellenic Parliament. On 26 January 2015, ANEL agreed to form a governing coalition with the Coalition of the Radical Left.

The second election of the year, the September 2015 legislative election on 20 September 2015, returned ANEL to parliament with 10 seats from 3.69% of the vote. Syriza again agreed to form a coalition government with ANEL.

On January 13 2019, Defence Minister Panos Kammenos and the Independent Greeks withdrew from Greece's ruling coalition over a deal struck on the Macedonia naming dispute, potentially leaving the governing coalition without a workable majority in parliament.

Policies

Economically, the party calls for revoking the first and second memorandums, loan agreements between Greece, the EU and the International Monetary Fund. Further, it considers the agreements illegal and calls for lifting immunity from and then investigating and prosecuting Greek ministers, parliamentarians, and officials who negotiated the agreements or who otherwise bear blame for Greece's economic crisis.

In opposing the memorandums negotiated with 'The Troika', party leader Kammenos said Greece had become a "laboratory animal" in an austerity experiment conducted by the IMF and EU, who "used the public debt as a means of control." Kammenos has focused much of his fire on Germany, stating that "Germany is not treating Greece as a partner but as its master. … It tries to turn a Europe of independent states into a Europe dominated by Germany."

The party's official program states it will repudiate part of Greece's debt because it was created by speculators in a conspiracy to bring Greece to the edge of bankruptcy. It announced in December 2012 that it would start working to create a patriotic Democratic Front, whose aim is to save "Greece from the neo-liberal avalanche."

The party also calls for German war reparations (for the invasion and occupation of Greece in the Second World War).

On social policy, Independent Greeks oppose multiculturalism and want to reduce immigration, and support development of a Christian Orthodox oriented education system.

According to The Independent, the party has "a socially right-wing stance, supporting patriotism and the role of the Greek Orthodox Church in family life and education".

Election results

Hellenic Parliament

Election	Hellenic Parliament					Rank	Government	Leader
	Votes	%	±pp	Seats won	+/−
05/2012	670,957	10.6%	New	33 / 300	33	#4	Opposition	Panos Kammenos
06/2012	462,406	7.5%	3.1	20 / 300	13	#4	Opposition	Panos Kammenos
01/2015	293,683	4.8%	2.7	13 / 300	7	#6	Coalition gov't SYRIZA-ANEL	Panos Kammenos
09/2015	200,423	3.7%	1.1	10 / 300	3	#7	Coalition gov't 2015-2019 SYRIZA-ANEL	Panos Kammenos

European Parliament

European Parliament
Election	Votes	%	±pp	Seats won	+/−	Rank	Leader
2014	197,701	3.5%	New	1 / 21	1	#7	Panos Kammenos

Members of Parliament

As of 27 June 2018 the Independent Greeks have seven MPs in the Hellenic Parliament:

On 19 November 2015 Nikolaos Nikolopoulos had been expelled from the Parliamentary Group of Independent Greeks.

On 16 June 2018 Dimitrios Kammenos was expelled from the party, because he voted to topple the government in a recent no confidence vote tabled by Official Opposition party New Democracy. On 26 June Georgios Lazaridis left his party’s parliamentary group and declared himself independent citing opposition to the Greece-Republic of Macedonia naming agreement signed on 17 June 2018, as the reason for leaving the party.

References

1. "Kammenos attracts another New Democracy breakaway", Athens News, 20 March 2012, archived from the original on 2 April 2012 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
2. Loizides, Neophytos (2015). The Politics of Majority Nationalism: Framing Peace, Stalemates, and Crises. Stanford University Press. p. xxv.
3. ^ Tom Lansford (2014). Political Handbook of the World 2014. SAGE Publications. p. 549. ISBN 978-1-4833-3327-4.
4. ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2015). "Greece". Parties and Elections in Europe.
5. "Venizelos draws battle lines for general elections", Ekathimerini, 15 March 2012
6. ^ Boyka M. Stefanova (2014). The European Union beyond the Crisis: Evolving Governance, Contested Policies, and Disenchanted Publics. Lexington Books. p. 261. ISBN 978-1-4985-0348-8.
7. ^ Christian Karner; Bram Mertens (2013). The Use and Abuse of Memory: Interpreting World War II in Contemporary European Politics. Transaction Publishers. p. 168. ISBN 978-1-4128-5203-6.
8. Mannin, Michael (2013). Evaluating the Europeanization Effect. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 210. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
9. Squires, Nick. "Greek election: who are Independent Greeks?". The Daily Telegraph. London.
10. Chu, Ben. "Greece elections: Who are Syriza and what effect will their new government have on Europe?". The Independent. London.
11. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/search.html?country=GR European Parliament: Greek MEPs
12. The counselors of the Regions.
13. Helena Smith. "Alexis Tsipras takes oath of office after victory in Greece general election". The Guardian. London.
14. ^ "Ousted New Democracy MP starts own party", Ekathimerini, 24 February 2012
15. ^ "Kammenos introduces Independent Greeks", Athens News, 11 March 2012, archived from the original on 14 March 2012 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
16. "Ten former ND MPs move with Kammenos", Capital, 14 March 2012
17. "ekathimerini.com - Profile of parties running in May 6 Greek elections". ekathimerini.com.
18. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. (1 March 2013). Britannica Book of the Year 2013. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. p. 427. ISBN 978-1-62513-103-4.
19. https://archive.is/20150126122621/http://ekloges.ypes.gr/current/v/public/index.htm. Archived from the original on 26 January 2015. Retrieved 26 January 2015. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
20. "Greece anti-bailout leader Tsipras made prime minister". BBC News.
21. "Syriza and Independent Greeks agree Greece coalition", BBC News, 25 January 2015
22. Anastasios Papapostolou. "Greek Elections: Official Final Results". greekreporter.com.
23. "SYRIZA chief confirms plan to form government with Independent Greeks". ekathimerini.com.
24. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/01/greek-government-splits-macedonia-change-190113183705772.html
25. "Greek election: who are Independent Greeks?". The Daily Telegraph. London. 26 January 2015.
26. ^ "Greek conservative rebel battles German "domination"", National Post, 23 April 2012
27. Independent Greeks respond to the scenarios for the collapse of the party with a founding congress grreporter.info
28. "ΔΗΛΩΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΒΟΥΛΕΥΤΟΥ Α΄ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗΣ ΤΩΝ ΑΝΕΞΑΡΤΗΤΩΝ ΕΛΛΗΝΩΝ ΧΡΥΣΟΥΛΑΣ – ΜΑΡΙΑΣ ΓΙΑΤΑΓΑΝΑ". Anexartitoiellines.gr. 12 March 2013. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
29. "ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΙΔΙΚΗΣ ΑΓΟΡΗΤΡΙΑΣ ΤΩΝ ΑΝΕΞΑΡΤΗΤΩΝ ΕΛΛΗΝΩΝ, ΒΟΥΛΕΥΤΟΥ ΜΑΓΝΗΣΙΑΣ ΜΑΡΙΝΑΣ ΧΡΥΣΟΒΕΛΩΝΗ ΣΤΗ ΒΟΥΛΗ ΚΑΤΑ ΤΗ ΣΥΖΗΤΗΣΗ ΕΠΙ ΤΗΣ ΑΡΧΗΣ ΤΟΥ ΣΧΕΔΙΟΥ ΝΟΜΟΥ ΤΟΥ ΥΠΟΥΡΓΕΙΟΥ ΕΣΩΤΕΡΙΚΩΝ ΓΙΑ ΤΗ ΜΕΤΑΝΑΣΤΕΥΣΗ ΚΑΙ ΤΗΝ ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΚΗ ΕΝΤΑΞΗ ΜΕΤΑΝΑΣΤΩΝ". Anexartitoiellines.gr. 19 March 2014. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
30. "Η παρουσίαση του κόμματος ΑΝΕΞΑΡΤΗΤΟΙ ΕΛΛΗΝΕΣ από τον Πάνο Καμμένο στο Δίστομο στις" (PDF). Anexartitoiellines.gr. 11 March 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
31. Lizzie Dearden (26 January 2015). "Independent Greeks: Who are Syriza's right-wing coalition partners and what do they want? -". The Independent. London. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
32. Terms of office of Nikolaos Nikolopoulos in the Hellenic Parliament. Retrieved 23 April 2016.
33. Οnline, Τα Νέα. "Independent Greeks MP resigns party after grass roots pressure on FYROM". Τα Νέα Οnline (in Greek). Retrieved 27 June 2018.

External links

• Official website

• Independent Greeks
• Nationalist parties in Greece
• Euroscepticism in Greece
• National conservative parties
• Political parties established in 2012
• 2012 establishments in Greece
• Parties represented in the European Parliament
• Right-wing populism in Europe
• Social conservative parties
• Eastern Orthodox political parties