Nebuchadnezzar II - Misplaced Pages

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Nabû-kudurri-usur
King of Babylon King of Sumer and Akkad King of the Universe
An engraving with a royal inscription of Nebuchadnezzar II. Anton Nyström, 1901.
King of the Neo-Babylonian Empire
Reign	c. 605 – c. 562 BC
Predecessor	Nabopolassar
Successor	Amel-Marduk

Born	c. 634 BC
Died	c. 562 BC (aged 71–72)
Spouse	Amytis of Media
House	Chaldean
Father	Nabopolassar

v t e Campaigns of Nebuchadnezzar II
Carchemish Hamath Gaza 1st Siege of Jerusalem 2nd Siege of Jerusalem Siege of Tyre

Nebuchadnezzar II (/ˌnɛbjʊkədˈnɛzər/; from Akkadian 𒀭𒀝𒆪𒁺𒌨𒊑𒋀 Nabû-kudurri-uṣur; Hebrew: נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר, Modern: Nəvūḵádne’ṣar, Tiberian: Neḇuḵáḏné’ṣār, meaning "O god Nabu, preserve/defend my firstborn son"; Biblical Aramaic: Template:Hebrew, Nəḇūḵaḏneṣṣar), king of Babylon c. 605 BC – c. 562 BC, was the longest-reigning and most powerful monarch of the Neo-Babylonian Empire.

His father Nabopolassar was an official of the Neo-Assyrian Empire who rebelled in 620 BCE and established himself as the king of Babylon. Nebuchadnezzar ascended the throne in 605 BCE and subsequently fought several campaigns in the West, where Egypt was trying to organise a coalition against him. His conquest of Judah is described in the Bible's Books of Kings and Book of Jeremiah. His capital, Babylon, is the largest archaeological site in the Middle East.

The Bible remembers him as the destroyer of Solomon's Temple and the initiator of the Babylonian captivity. He is an important character in the Book of Daniel, a collection of legendary tales and visions dating from the 2nd century BC.

Life

Nebuchadnezzar was the eldest son and successor of Nabopolassar, an Assyrian official who rebelled against the Assyrian Empire and established himself as the king of Babylon in 620 BC. Nebuchadnezzar is first mentioned in 607 BC, during the destruction of Babylon's arch-enemy Assyria, at which point he was already crown prince. In 605 BC he and his ally Cyaxares, ruler of the Medes, led an army against the Assyrians and Egyptians, who were then occupying Syria, and in the ensuing Battle of Carchemish, Pharaoh Necho II was defeated and Syria and Phoenicia were brought under the control of Babylon. Nabopolassar died in August 605 BC, and Nebuchadnezzar returned to Babylon to ascend the throne. For the next few years, his attention was devoted to subduing his eastern and northern borders, and in 595/4 BC there was a serious but brief rebellion in Babylon itself. In 594/3 BC, the army was sent again to the west, possibly in reaction to the elevation of Psamtik II to the throne of Egypt. King Zedekiah of Judah attempted to organize opposition among the small states in the region but his capital, Jerusalem, was taken in 587 BC (the events are described in the Bible's Books of Kings and Book of Jeremiah). In the following years, Nebuchadnezzar incorporated Phoenicia and the former Assyrian provinces of Cilicia (southwestern Anatolia) into his empire and may have campaigned in Egypt. In his last years he seems to have begun behaving irrationally, "pay no heed to son or daughter," and was deeply suspicious of his sons. The kings who came after him ruled only briefly and Nabonidus, apparently not of the royal family, was overthrown by the Persian conqueror Cyrus the Great less than twenty-five years after Nebuchadnezzar's death.

The ruins of Nebuchadnezzar's Babylon are spread over two thousand acres, forming the largest archaeological site in the Middle East. He enlarged the royal palace (including in it a public museum, possibly the world's first), built and repaired temples, built a bridge over the Euphrates, and constructed a grand processional boulevard (the Processional Way) and gateway (the Ishtar Gate) lavishly decorated with glazed brick. Each spring equinox (the start of the New Year), the god Marduk would leave his city temple for a temple outside the walls, returning through the Ishtar Gate and down the Processional Way, paved with colored stone and lined with molded lions, amidst rejoicing crowds.

Portrayal in the Bible

The Babylonian king's two sieges of Jerusalem (in 597 and 587 BCE) are depicted in 2 Kings 24–25. The Book of Jeremiah calls Nebuchadnezzar the "destroyer of nations" (Jeremiah 4:7) and gives an account of the second siege of Jerusalem (587 BC) and the looting and destruction of the First Temple (Book of Jeremiah 39:1–10; 52:1–30).

Nebuchadnezzar is an important character in the Old Testament Book of Daniel. Daniel 1 introduces Nebuchadnezzar as the king who takes Daniel and other Hebrew youths into captivity in Babylon, to be trained in "the learning and the tongue of the Chaldeans". In Nebuchadnezzar's second year, Daniel interprets the king's dream of a huge image as God's prediction of the rise and fall of world powers, starting with Nebuchadnezzar's kingdom (Daniel 2). Nebuchadnezzar twice admits the power of the God of the Hebrews: first, after God saves three of Daniel's companions from a fiery furnace (Daniel 3); and secondly, after Nebuchadnezzar himself suffers a humiliating period of madness, as Daniel predicted (Daniel 4). The consensus among critical scholars is that the book of Daniel is historical fiction.

His name is sometimes recorded in the Bible as "Nebuchadrezzar" (in Ezekiel and parts of Jeremiah), but usually as "Nebuchadnezzar". The form Nebuchadrezzar is more consistent with the original Akkadian, and some scholars believe that Nebuchadnezzar may be a derogatory pun used by the Israelites, meaning "Nabu, protect my jackass".

Notes

In Dan. 3:14, 5:11 and 5:18 only, the Aramaic name is Template:Hebrew.

References

Anton Nyström, Allmän kulturhistoria eller det mänskliga lifvet i dess utveckling, bd 2 (1901)
Freedman 2000, p. 953.
"Nebuchadnezzar II". ancient.eu. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
^ Bertman 2005, p. 95.
^ Oates 1997, p. 162. sfn error: no target: CITEREFOates1997 (help)
^ Wiseman 1991a, p. 233–234.
^ Arnold 2005, p. 96.
^ Collins 2002, p. 2.
Wiseman 1991a, p. 182.
Wiseman 1991a, p. 182–183.
Wiseman 1991a, p. 183.
^ Wiseman 1991a, p. 233.
Wiseman 1991a, p. 235–236.
^ Foster 2009, p. 131. sfn error: no target: CITEREFFoster2009 (help)
Bertman 2005, p. 96.
Collins 1999, p. 219.
Redditt 2008, p. 180. sfn error: no target: CITEREFRedditt2008 (help)
Collins 1984, p. 41: "Conversely, most critical scholars take for granted that the genre is not History."
Hayim Tawil, An Akkadian Lexical Companion for Biblical Hebrew, p. 461.

Bibliography

Arnold, Bill T. (2005). Who Were the Babylonians?. Brill. ISBN 9004130713. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Bertman, Stephen (2005). Handbook to Life in Ancient Mesopotamia. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-518364-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Cline, Eric H.; Graham, Mark W. (2011). Ancient Empires: From Mesopotamia to the Rise of Islam. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-88911-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Dalley, Stephanie (1998). The Legacy of Mesopotamia. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-814946-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Foster, Benjamin Read; Foster, Karen Polinger (2009). Civilizations of Ancient Iraq. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-13722-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Freedman, David Noel (2000). "Nebuchadnezzar". In Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (eds.). Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Eerdmans. ISBN 9789053565032. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Lee, Wayne E. (2011). Warfare and Culture in World History. NYU Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-5278-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Oates, J (1991). "The Fall of Assyria (635–609 BC)". In Boardman, John; Edwards, I. E. S. (eds.). The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume III Part II. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-22717-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Sweeney, Marvin A. (1996). Isaiah 1–39: With an Introduction to Prophetic Literature. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0-8028-4100-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Wiseman, D.J. (1991a). "Babylonia 605–539 BC". In Boardman, John; Edwards, I. E. S. (eds.). The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume III Part II. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-22717-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Wiseman, D.J. (1991b). Nebuchadrezzar and Babylon: The Schweich Lectures of The British Academy 1983. OUP/British Academy. ISBN 978-0-19-726100-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Bandstra, Barry L. (2008). Reading the Old Testament: An Introduction to the Hebrew Bible. Wadsworth Publishing Company. ISBN 0-495-39105-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Bar, Shaul (2001). A letter that has not been read: dreams in the Hebrew Bible. Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College Press. ISBN 978-0-87820-424-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Boyer, Paul S. (1992). When Time Shall Be No More: Prophecy Belief in Modern American Culture. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-95129-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Brettler, Mark Zvi (2005). How To Read the Bible. Jewish Publication Society. ISBN 978-0-8276-1001-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Carroll, John T. (2000). "Eschatology". In Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (eds.). Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Eerdmans. ISBN 9789053565032. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Cohn, Shaye J.D. (2006). From the Maccabees to the Mishnah. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 978-0-664-22743-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Collins, John J. (1999). "Daniel". In Van Der Toorn, Karel; Becking, Bob; van der Horst, Pieter Willem (eds.). Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0-8028-2491-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Collins, John J. (1984). Daniel: With an Introduction to Apocalyptic Literature. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0-8028-0020-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Collins, John J. (1993). Daniel. Fortress. ISBN 978-0-8006-6040-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Collins, John J. (1998). The Apocalyptic Imagination: An Introduction to Jewish Apocalyptic Literature. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0-8028-4371-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Collins, John J. (2001). Seers, Sibyls, and Sages in Hellenistic-Roman Judaism. Brill. ISBN 978-0-391-04110-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Collins, John J. (2002). "Current Issues in the Study of Daniel". In Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W.; VanEpps, Cameron (eds.). The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception. Brill. ISBN 9004116753. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Collins, John J. (2003). "From Prophecy to Apocalypticism: The Expectation of the End". In McGinn, Bernard; Collins, John J.; Stein, Stephen J. (eds.). The Continuum History of Apocalypticism. Continuum. ISBN 978-0-8264-1520-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Collins, John J. (2013). "Daniel". In Lieb, Michael; Mason, Emma; Roberts, Jonathan (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the Reception History of the Bible. Oxford UNiversity Press. ISBN 978-0-19-164918-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Crawford, Sidnie White (2000). "Apocalyptic". In Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (eds.). Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Eerdmans. ISBN 9789053565032. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Cross, Frank Leslie; Livingstone, Elizabeth A. (2005). The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280290-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Davies, Philip (2006). "Apocalyptic". In Rogerson, J. W.; Lieu, Judith M. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies. Oxford Handbooks Online. ISBN 978-0-19-925425-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
DeChant, Dell (2009). "Apocalyptic Communities". In Neusner, Jacob (ed.). World Religions in America: An Introduction. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 978-1-61164-047-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Doukhan, Jacques (2000). Secrets of Daniel: Wisdom and Dreams of a Jewish Prince in Exile. Review and Herald Pub Assoc. ISBN 978-0-8280-1424-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Dunn, James D.G. (2002). "The Danilic Son of Man in the New Testament". In Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W.; VanEpps, Cameron (eds.). The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception. Brill. ISBN 0-391-04128-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Godden, Malcolm (2013). "Biblical Literature" The Old Testament". In Godden and, Malcolm; Lapidge, Michael (eds.). The Cambridge Companion to Old English Literature. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-46921-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Grabbe, Lester L. (2002a). Judaic Religion in the Second Temple Period: Belief and Practice from the Exile to Yavneh. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-203-46101-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Grabbe, Lester L. (2002b). "A Dan(iel) For All Seasons". In Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W.; VanEpps, Cameron (eds.). The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception. Brill. ISBN 9004116753. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Grabbe, Lester L. (2010). An Introduction to Second Temple Judaism: History and Religion of the Jews in the Time of Nehemiah, the Maccabees, Hillel, and Jesus. Continuum. ISBN 978-0-567-55248-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Hammer, Raymond (1976). The Book of Daniel. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-09765-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Harrington, Daniel J. (1999). Invitation to the Apocrypha. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0-8028-4633-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Hill, Andrew E. (2009). "Daniel". In Garland, David E.; Longman, Tremper (eds.). Daniel—Malachi. Zondervan. ISBN 978-0-310-59054-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Hill, Charles E. (2000). "Antichrist". In Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (eds.). Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Eerdmans. ISBN 9789053565032. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Horsley, Richard A. (2007). Scribes, Visionaries, and the Politics of Second Temple Judea. Presbyterian Publishing Corp. ISBN 978-0-664-22991-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Knibb, Michael (2002). "The Book of Daniel in its Context". In Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W.; VanEpps, Cameron (eds.). The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception. Brill. ISBN 9004116753. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Levine, Amy-Jill (2010). "Daniel". In Coogan, Michael D.; Brettler, Marc Z.; Newsom, Carol A. (eds.). The new Oxford annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical books : New Revised Standard Version. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-937050-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Lucas, Ernest C. (2005). "Daniel, Book of". In Vanhoozer, Kevin J.; Bartholomew, Craig G.; Treier, Daniel J. (eds.). Dictionary for Theological Interpretation of the Bible. Baker Academic. ISBN 978-0-8010-2694-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Matthews, Victor H.; Moyer, James C. (2012). The Old Testament: Text and Context. Baker Books. ISBN 978-0-8010-4835-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
McDonald, Lee Martin (2012). Formation of the Bible: the Story of the Church's Canon. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers. p. 57. ISBN 978-1-59856-838-7. Retrieved 22 July 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Miller, Steven R. (1994). Daniel. B&H Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8054-0118-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
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External links

Inscription of Nabuchadnezzar. Babylonian and Assyrian Literature – old translation
Nabuchadnezzar Ishtar gate Inscription
Jewish Encyclopedia on Nebuchadnezzar
Nebuchadnezzar II on Ancient History Encyclopedia

Preceded byNabopolassar

King of Babylon
605 BC – 562 BC

Succeeded byAmel-Marduk

Kings of Babylon

Period

Dynasty	Kings (foreign ruler vassal king female)

Old Babylonian Empire
(1894–1595 BC)

I	Sumu-abum Sumu-la-El Sabium Apil-Sin Sin-Muballit Hammurabi Samsu-iluna Abi-Eshuh Ammi-Ditana Ammi-Saduqa Samsu-Ditana
II	Ilum-ma-ili Itti-ili-nibi Unknown king (?) Damqi-ilishu Ishkibal Shushushi Gulkishar DIŠ+U-EN Peshgaldaramesh Ayadaragalama Akurduana Melamkurkurra Ea-gamil

Kassite period
(1729–1157 BC)

III

Middle Babylonian period
(1157–732 BC)

IV	Marduk-kabit-ahheshu Itti-Marduk-balatu Ninurta-nadin-shumi Nebuchadnezzar I Enlil-nadin-apli Marduk-nadin-ahhe Marduk-shapik-zeri Adad-apla-iddina Marduk-ahhe-eriba Marduk-zer-X Nabu-shum-libur
V	Simbar-shipak Ea-mukin-zeri Kashshu-nadin-ahi
VI	Eulmash-shakin-shumi Ninurta-kudurri-usur I Shirikti-shuqamuna
VII	Mar-biti-apla-usur
VIII	Nabû-mukin-apli Ninurta-kudurri-usur II Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina Shamash-mudammiq Nabu-shuma-ukin I Nabu-apla-iddina Marduk-zakir-shumi I Marduk-balassu-iqbi Baba-aha-iddina Ninurta-apla-X Marduk-bel-zeri Marduk-apla-usur Eriba-Marduk Nabu-shuma-ishkun Nabonassar Nabu-nadin-zeri Nabu-suma-ukin II

Neo-Assyrian period
(732–626 BC)

IX	Nabu-mukin-zeri Tiglath-Pileser III Shalmaneser V Marduk-apla-iddina II Sargon II Sennacherib Marduk-zakir-shumi II Marduk-apla-iddina II Bel-ibni Aššur-nādin-šumi Nergal-ushezib Mushezib-Marduk Sennacherib Esarhaddon Ashurbanipal Šamaš-šuma-ukin Ashurbanipal Kandalanu Sîn-šumu-līšir Sinsharishkun

Neo-Babylonian Empire
(626–539 BC)

X	Nabopolassar Nebuchadnezzar II Amel-Marduk Neriglissar Labashi-Marduk Nabonidus

Babylon under foreign rule (539 BC – AD 224)

Persian period
(539–331 BC)

XI	Cyrus II Cambyses II Bardiya Nebuchadnezzar III Darius I Nebuchadnezzar IV Xerxes I Shamash-eriba Bel-shimanni Artaxerxes I Xerxes II Sogdianus Darius II Artaxerxes II Artaxerxes III Artaxerxes IV Nidin-Bel (?) Darius III

Hellenistic period
(331–141 BC)

XII	Alexander III Philip III Arrhidaeus Alexander IV Antigonus I Monophthalmus
XIII	Seleucus I Nicator Antiochus I Soter Seleucus Antiochus II Theos Seleucus II Callinicus Seleucus III Ceraunus Antiochus III Megas Antiochus Seleucus IV Philopator Antiochus IV Epiphanes Antiochus Antiochus V Eupator Demetrius I Soter Timarchus Demetrius I Soter Alexander Balas Demetrius II Nicator

Parthian period
(141 BC – AD 224)

XIV

Category

People and things in the Quran

Characters

Non-humans

Allāh ('The God')
- Names of Allah found in the Quran, such as Karīm (Generous)

Animals

Related	The baqara (cow) of Israelites The dhiʾb (wolf) that Jacob feared could attack Joseph The fīl (elephant) of the Abyssinians Ḥimār (Domesticated donkey) The hud-hud (hoopoe) of Solomon The kalb (dog) of the sleepers of the cave The namlah (female ant) of Solomon The nūn (fish or whale) of Jonah The nāqat (she-camel) of Ṣāliḥ
Non-related	ʿAnkabūt (Female spider) Dābbat al-Arḍ (Beast of the Earth) Ḥimār (Wild ass) Naḥl (Honey bee) Qaswarah ('Lion', 'beast of prey' or 'hunter')

Malāʾikah (Angels)

Angels of Hell
- Mālik
- Zabāniyah
Bearers of the Throne
Harut and Marut
Kirāman Kātibīn (Honourable Scribes)
- Raqib
- Atid
Munkar and Nakir

Muqarrabun	Jibrīl (Gabriel, chief) Ar-Rūḥ ('The Spirit') Ar-Rūḥ al-Amīn ('The Trustworthy Spirit') Ar-Rūḥ al-Qudus ('The Holy Spirit') Angel of the Trumpet (Isrāfīl or Raphael) Malakul-Mawt (Angel of Death, Azrael) Mīkāil (Michael)

Jinn (Genies)

Jann
ʿIfrīt
Sakhr (Asmodeus)
Qarīn

Shayāṭīn (Demons)

Iblīs ash-Shayṭān (the (chief) Devil)
Mārid ('Rebellious one')

Others

Ghilmān or Wildān
Ḥūr

Prophets

Mentioned

Ādam (Adam)
Al-Yasaʿ (Elisha)
Ayyūb (Job)
Dāwūd (David)
Dhūl-Kifl (Ezekiel?)
Hārūn (Aaron)
Hūd (Eber?)
Idrīs (Enoch?)
Ilyās (Elijah)
ʿImrān (Joachim the father of Maryam)
Isḥāq (Isaac)
Ismāʿīl (Ishmael)
- Dhabih Ullah
Lūṭ (Lot)
Ṣāliḥ
Shuʿayb (Jethro, Reuel or Hobab?)
Sulaymān ibn Dāwūd (Solomon son of David)
ʿUzair (Ezra?)
Yaḥyā ibn Zakariyyā (John the Baptist the son of Zechariah)
Yaʿqūb (Jacob)
- Isrāʾīl (Israel)
Yūnus (Jonah)
- Dhūn-Nūn ('He of the Fish (or Whale)' or 'Owner of the Fish (or Whale)')
- Ṣāḥib al-Ḥūt ('Companion of the Whale')
Yūsuf ibn Ya‘qūb (Joseph son of Jacob)
Zakariyyā (Zechariah)

Ulul-ʿAzm ('Those of the Perseverance and Strong Will')	Muḥammad Aḥmad Other names and titles of Muhammad ʿĪsā (Jesus) Al-Masīḥ (The Messiah) Ibn Maryam (Son of Mary) Mūsā Kalīmullāh (Moses He who spoke to God) Ibrāhīm Khalīlullāh (Abraham Friend of God) Nūḥ (Noah)
Debatable ones	Dhūl-Qarnain Luqmān Maryam (Mary) Ṭālūt (Saul or Gideon?)

Implied

Irmiyā (Jeremiah)
Ṣamūʾīl (Samuel)
Yūshaʿ ibn Nūn (Joshua, companion and successor of Moses)

People of Prophets

Good ones

Adam's immediate relatives
- Martyred son
- Wife
Believer of Ya-Sin
Family of Noah
- Father Lamech
- Mother Shamkhah bint Anush or Betenos
Luqman's son
People of Abraham
- Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo
- Ishmael's mother
- Isaac's mother
People of Jesus
- Disciples (including Peter)
- Mary's mother
- Zechariah's wife
People of Solomon
Zayd (Muhammad's adopted son)

People of Joseph	Brothers (including Binyāmin (Benjamin) and Simeon) Egyptians ʿAzīz (Potiphar, Qatafir or Qittin) Malik (King Ar-Rayyān ibn Al-Walīd)) Wife of ʿAzīz (Zulaykhah) Mother
People of Aaron and Moses	Egyptians Believer (Hizbil or Hizqil ibn Sabura) Imraʾat Firʿawn (Āsiyá bint Muzāḥim the Wife of Pharaoh, who adopted Moses) Magicians of the Pharaoh Wise, pious man Moses' wife Moses' sister-in-law Mother Sister

Evil ones

Āzar (possibly Terah)
Firʿawn (Pharaoh of Moses' time)
Hāmān
Jālūt (Goliath)
Qārūn (Korah, cousin of Moses)
As-Sāmirī
Abū Lahab
Slayers of Ṣāliḥ's she-camel (Qaddar ibn Salif and Musda' ibn Dahr)

Implied or
not specified

Abraha
Abu Bakr
Bal'am/Balaam
Barṣīṣā
Caleb or Kaleb the companion of Joshua
Luqman's son
Nebuchadnezzar II
Nimrod
Rahmah the wife of Ayyub
Shaddad

Groups

Mentioned

Aṣḥāb al-Jannah
- People of Paradise
- People of the Burnt Garden
Aṣḥāb as-Sabt (Companions of the Sabbath)
Jesus' apostles
- Ḥawāriyyūn (Disciples of Jesus)
Companions of Noah's Ark
Aṣḥāb al-Kahf war-Raqīm (Companions of the Cave and Al-Raqaim?
Companions of the Elephant
People of al-Ukhdūd
People of a township in Surah Ya-Sin
People of Yathrib or Medina
Qawm Lūṭ (People of Sodom and Gomorrah)
Nation of Noah

Tribes,
ethnicities
or families

‘Ajam Ar-Rūm (literally 'The Romans') Banī Isrāʾīl (Children of Israel) Muʾtafikāt (Sodom and Gomorrah) People of Ibrahim People of Ilyas People of Nuh People of Shuaib Ahl Madyan People of Madyan) Aṣḥāb al-Aykah ('Companions of the Wood') Qawm Yūnus (People of Jonah) Ya'juj and Ma'juj/Gog and Magog People of Fir'aun Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad) Aṣḥāb Muḥammad (Companions of Muhammad) Anṣār (literally 'Helpers') Muhajirun (Emigrants from Mecca to Medina) People of Mecca Wife of Abu Lahab Children of Ayyub Sons of Adam Wife of Nuh Wife of Lut Yaʾjūj wa Maʾjūj (Gog and Magog) Son of Nuh
Aʿrāb (Arabs or Bedouins)	ʿĀd (people of Hud) Companions of the Rass Qawm Tubbaʿ (People of Tubba) People of Sabaʾ or Sheba Quraysh Thamūd (people of Ṣāliḥ) Aṣḥāb al-Ḥijr ('Companions of the Stoneland')
Ahl al-Bayt ('People of the Household')	Household of Abraham Brothers of Yūsuf Lot's daughters Progeny of Imran Household of Moses Household of Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim Daughters of Muhammad Muhammad's wives Household of Salih

Implicitly
mentioned

Amalek
Ahl as-Suffa (People of the Verandah)
Banu Nadir
Banu Qaynuqa
Banu Qurayza
Iranian people
Umayyad Dynasty
Aus and Khazraj
People of Quba

Religious
groups

Ahl al-Dhimmah
Kāfirūn
- disbelievers
Majūs Zoroastrians
Munāfiqūn (Hypocrites)
Muslims
- Believers
Ahl al-Kitāb (People of the Book)
- Naṣārā (Christian(s) or People of the Injil)
  - Ruhban (Christian monks)
  - Qissis (Christian priest)
- Yahūd (Jews)
  - Ahbār (Jewish scholars)
  - Rabbani/Rabbi
- Sabians
Polytheists
- Meccan polytheists at the time of Muhammad
- Mesopotamian polytheists at the time of Abraham and Lot

Locations

Mentioned

Al-Arḍ Al-Muqaddasah ('The Holy Land')
- 'Blessed' Land'
Al-Jannah (Paradise, literally 'The Garden')
Jahannam (Hell)
Door of Hittah
Madyan (Midian)
Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn
Miṣr (Mainland Egypt)
Salsabīl (A river in Paradise)

In the Arabian Peninsula (excluding Madyan)	Al-Aḥqāf ('The Sandy Plains,' or 'the Wind-curved Sand-hills') Iram dhāt al-ʿImād (Iram of the Pillars) Al-Madīnah (formerly Yathrib) ʿArafāt and Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām Al-Ḥijr (Hegra) Badr Ḥunayn Makkah (Mecca) Bakkah Ḥaraman Āminan ('Sanctuary (which is) Secure') Kaʿbah (Kaaba) Maqām Ibrāhīm (Station of Abraham) Safa and Marwa Sabaʾ (Sheba) ʿArim Sabaʾ (Dam of Sheba) Rass
Sinai Region or Tīh Desert	Al-Wād Al-Muqaddas Ṭuwan (The Holy Valley of Tuwa) Al-Wādil-Ayman (The valley on the 'righthand' side of the Valley of Tuwa and Mount Sinai) Al-Buqʿah Al-Mubārakah ('The Blessed Place') Mount Sinai or Mount Tabor
In Mesopotamia	Al-Jūdiyy Munzalanm-Mubārakan ('Place-of-Landing Blessed') Bābil (Babylon) Qaryat Yūnus ('Township of Jonah,' that is Nineveh)
Religious locations	Bayʿa (Church) Miḥrāb Monastery Masjid (Mosque, literally 'Place of Prostration') Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām ('The Sacred Grove') Al-Masjid Al-Aqṣā (Al-Aqsa, literally 'The Farthest Place-of-Prostration') Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām (The Sacred Mosque of Mecca) Masjid al-Dirar A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly: Masjid Qubāʾ (Quba Mosque) The Prophet's Mosque Salat (Synagogue)

Implied

Antioch
- Antakya
Arabia
- Al-Ḥijāz (literally 'The Barrier')
  - Al-Ḥajar al-Aswad (Black Stone) & Al-Hijr of Isma'il
  - Cave of Hira
  - Ghār ath-Thawr (Cave of the Bull)
  - Hudaybiyyah
  - Ta'if
Ayla
Barrier of Dhul-Qarnayn
Bayt al-Muqaddas & 'Ariha
Bilād ar-Rāfidayn (Mesopotamia)
Canaan
Cave of Seven Sleepers
Dār an-Nadwa
Jordan River
Nile River
Palestine River
Paradise of Shaddad

Events, incidents, occasions or times

Incident of Ifk
Laylat al-Qadr (Night of Decree)
Event of Mubahala
Sayl al-ʿArim (Flood of the Great Dam of Ma'rib in Sheba)
The Farewell Pilgrimage
Treaty of Hudaybiyyah

Battles or military expeditions	Battle of al-Aḥzāb ('the Confederates') Battle of Badr Battle of Hunayn Battle of Khaybar Battle of Uhud Expedition of Tabuk Conquest of Mecca
Days	Al-Jumuʿah (The Friday) As-Sabt (The Sabbath or Saturday) Days of battles Days of Hajj Doomsday
Months of the Islamic calendar	12 months: Four holy months Ash-Shahr Al-Ḥarām (The Sacred or Forbidden Month) Ramaḍān
Pilgrimages	Al-Ḥajj (literally 'The Pilgrimage', the Greater Pilgrimage) Al-ʿUmrah (The Lesser Pilgrimage)
Times for prayer or remembrance	Times for Duʿāʾ ('Invocation'), Ṣalāh and Dhikr ('Remembrance', including Taḥmīd ('Praising'), Takbīr and Tasbīḥ): Al-ʿAshiyy (The Afternoon or the Night) Al-Ghuduww ('The Mornings') Al-Bukrah ('The Morning') Aṣ-Ṣabāḥ ('The Morning') Al-Layl ('The Night') Al-ʿIshāʾ ('The Late-Night') Aẓ-Ẓuhr ('The Noon') Dulūk ash-Shams ('Decline of the Sun') Al-Masāʾ ('The Evening') Qabl al-Ghurūb ('Before the Setting (of the Sun)') Al-Aṣīl ('The Afternoon') Al-ʿAṣr ('The Afternoon') Qabl ṭulūʿ ash-Shams ('Before the rising of the Sun') Al-Fajr ('The Dawn')
Implied	Ghadir Khumm Laylat al-Mabit First Pilgrimage

Other

Holy books

Al-Injīl (The Gospel of Jesus)
Al-Qurʾān (The Book of Muhammad)
Ṣuḥuf-i Ibrāhīm (Scroll(s) of Abraham)
At-Tawrāt (The Torah)
- Ṣuḥuf-i-Mūsā (Scroll(s) of Moses)
- Tablets of Stone
Az-Zabūr (The Psalms of David)
Umm al-Kitāb ('Mother of the Book(s)')

Objects
of people
or beings

Heavenly food of Jesus' apostles
Noah's Ark
Staff of Musa
Tābūt as-Sakīnah (Casket of Shekhinah)
Throne of Bilqis
Trumpet of Israfil

Mentioned idols
(cult images)

'Ansāb
Jibt and Ṭāghūt (False god)

Of Israelites	Baʿal The ʿijl (golden calf statue) of Israelites
Of Noah's people	Nasr Suwāʿ Wadd Yaghūth Yaʿūq
Of Quraysh	Al-Lāt Al-ʿUzzā Manāt

Celestial
bodies

Maṣābīḥ (literally 'lamps'):

Al-Qamar (The Moon)
Kawākib (Planets)
- Al-Arḍ (The Earth)
Nujūm (Stars)
- Ash-Shams (The Sun)

Plant matter

Baṣal (Onion)

Fūm (Garlic or wheat)

Shaṭʾ (Shoot)

Sūq (Plant stem)

Zarʿ (Seed)

Fruits	ʿAdas (Lentil) Baql (Herb) Qith-thāʾ (Cucumber) Rummān (Pomegranate) Tīn (Fig) Zaytūn (Olive) In Paradise Forbidden fruit of Adam
Bushes, trees or plants	Plants of Sheba Athl (Tamarisk) Sidr (Lote-tree) Līnah (Tender Palm tree) Nakhl (Date palm) Sidrat al-Muntahā Zaqqūm

Liquids

Māʾ (Water or fluid)
- Nahr (River)
- Yamm (River or sea)
Sharāb (Drink)

Note: Names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship)

v t e Book of Daniel
Bible chapters	Daniel 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Additions	Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children Susanna and the Elders Bel and the Dragon
Places	Babylon Susa
People	Belshazzar Cyrus the Great Daniel Darius the Mede Jehoiakim Nebuchadnezzar II Palmoni Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego
Angels	Gabriel Michael
Terms	Abomination of desolation Ancient of Days Belshazzar's feast Four kingdoms Lion's den Prophecy of Seventy Weeks Son of man Territorial spirit Watcher (angel)
Christian interpretations	Futurism Historicism Historicist interpretations Idealism Preterism
Manuscripts	Papyrus 967 Papyrus 62 Codex Chisianus 45
Sources	Hebrew Bible Septuagint Latin Vulgate Wycliffe Version King James Version American Standard Version World English Version

Categories:

Life

Portrayal in the Bible

See also

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links