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The Armistice of Mudros was signed between the Ottoman Empire (represented by the Minister of Marine Affairs Rauf Bey) and the Allies (represented by the British Admiral Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe), aboard HMS Agamemnon in Moudros port on the island of Lemnos on 30 October 1918.

This armistice ended the middle-eastern part of the First World War and the Ottomans had to renounce all of their empire, with the exception of Anatolia and giving up to all their garrisons in Hedjaz, Yemen, Syria, Mesopotamia, Tripolitania and Cyrenaica. The allies occupied the area around the straits of the Dardanelles and the Bosphorus, Batum and the tunnels of the Taurus Mountains and had the right to occupy six provinces with Armenian populations in north-eastern Anatolia in case of disorder, as well as any strategic point which mattered to the security of the Allies.

In the Caucasus, Turkey had to retreat to within its pre-war borders. The Treaty of Sèvres (1920), which included clauses aimed at the creation of an independent Kurdistan and a wider Armenia, would have further diminished the territories controlled by the Turks, but the treaty was not enacted due to the Turkish War of Independence led by Mustafa Kemal Pasha.

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