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"Oceanos" redirects here. For the mythological figure, see Oceanus. Cruise ship that sank in 1991
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
| Name | Oceanos |
| Namesake | Jean Laborde |
| Owner | Epirotiki Lines |
| Operator | Epirotiki Lines |
| Port of registry | Piraeus, Greece |
| Launched | 12 July 1952 |
| Completed | June 1953 |
| Out of service | 4 August 1991 |
| Identification | IMO number: 5170991 |
| Fate | Sunk |
| Status | Wreck lies near Coffee Bay, Eastern Cape, South Africa |
| General characteristics | |
| Tonnage | 14,000 GT |
| Length | 153 m (502 ft) |
| Beam | 20 m (66 ft) |
| Draft | 7 m (23 ft) |
| Decks | 6–9 |
| Speed |
|
| Capacity | 550 passengers |
| Crew | 250 |
MTS Oceanos was a French-built and Greek-owned cruise ship that sank in 1991 due to uncontrolled flooding. Her captain and some of the crew were convicted of negligence for fleeing the ship without helping the passengers, who were subsequently rescued thanks to the efforts of the ship's entertainers.
History
Oceanos was launched in July 1952 by Forges et Chantiers de la Gironde in Bordeaux, France as Jean Laborde, the last of four sister ships built for Messageries Maritimes. The ships were used on the Marseilles – Madagascar – Mauritius service. Jean Laborde went through many different owners and name changes (Jean Laborde, Mykinai, Ancona, Eastern Princess) in the succeeding decades. In 1976, she was acquired by Epirotiki Lines of Greece and registered under the name of Oceanos.
Oceanos and another Epirotiki ship, Apollon XI, were featured in the 1986 film Hardbodies 2.
Final voyage
Wreck of the OceanosEast Londonclass=notpageimage| Eastern Cape, South Africa
On 3 August 1991, Oceanos – initially delayed due to a bomb threat – set out from East London, South Africa and headed for Durban. Captain Yiannis Avranas (born c. 1940) had been an officer for twenty years and a seaman for thirty. Oceanos headed into 40-knot winds and 9 m (30 ft) swells. Usually, there would have been a "sail-away" party on deck with the ship's musicians and British entertainers Moss and Tracy Hills. However, due to the rough seas, this was held inside in the Four Seasons lounge; most passengers chose to stay in their cabins.
The storm worsened as the evening progressed and when the first sitting of dinner was served, the waiters could hardly carry the trays of food without dropping something. Eventually Oceanos was rolling about from side to side so badly that crockery and cutlery began sliding off the tables and potted plants fell over.
Flooding
While trying to make up time due to the earlier delay, Oceanos encountered rough seas. Earlier repairs to the waste disposal system had not been completed, which meant that a vital ventilation pipe which ran through the watertight aft bulkhead and the non-return valves was not replaced. It is believed that after a series of freak waves slammed against the ship, the pipe's shell plating burst open and began filling the compartment with seawater. At about 9:30 pm, a muffled explosion was heard and Oceanos lost power. The ship started taking on water, rapidly flooding the engine room. By the next morning rescuers found Oceanos adrift just off Coffee Bay, listing badly to its starboard side.
Rescue efforts
As no alarm or announcement had been given that the ship was in trouble, several passengers went to the bridge to look for the crew, only to find it unmanned. Moss Hills then used the radio phone to broadcast a mayday distress call until a ship answered. Of the sixteen rescue helicopters that came out to the ship, thirteen were South African Defence Force (SADF) Pumas, nine of which hoisted 225 passengers off the deck. They were assisted by the lifeboats of the Dutch cargo ship Nedlloyd Mauritius, which had responded to the distress call.
All 571 people on board were saved. Hills organized the orderly evacuation of passengers by the helicopters and is generally acknowledged as the leading hero of the event. Hills and fellow entertainer Julian Butler directed the efforts of the entertainment staff, which included Hills' wife Tracy and Robin Boltman, to assist the passengers. According to Boltman, "later in the morning, Captain Avarnasi (sic) even contacted me from shore to ask how things were going." Butler and the Hillses were among the last five to be rescued.
After many officers and crew had abandoned ship, women and children were given priority when loading the lifeboats by cruise director Lorraine Betts. Later, after the ship's list had become so severe that the remaining lifeboats were rendered useless, the remaining passengers had to be airlifted onto SADF helicopters by means of a safety harness. Betts again insisted that women and children be rescued first.
Final moments
The following day, at approximately 15:30 UTC+2, Oceanos rolled over onto her starboard side and sank by the bow. The last fifteen minutes of her sinking was captured on video and broadcast by ABC News.
Aftermath
Captain Avranas and his crew were criticized for leaving hundreds of passengers behind with no one other than the ship's entertainers to help them evacuate. Avranas received extensive media coverage as an example of unprofessional behaviour whilst in command. Avranas tried to defend his actions by claiming that he left the ship first to arrange for a rescue effort, and then supervised the rescue from a helicopter. He justified his actions saying the "ship was in darkness and the batteries on the crew's walkie-talkies had died, meaning that he had no communications with his crew or with other rescue craft". Avranas was quoted as saying, "When I order abandon the ship, it doesn't matter what time I leave. Abandon is for everybody. If some people like to stay, they can stay." The captain and some of the crew were convicted of negligence by a Greek board of inquiry for fleeing the ship without helping the passengers.
Alevizos Klaudatos, head of Epirotiki Lines, was quoted as saying: "Of course the crew members assigned to the boats have to enter first in order to assist the embarkation of the passengers ... as regards the captain abandoning the vessel, this is untrue and he has maintained his position throughout in assisting the rescue in the most effective way" Epirotiki Lines had lost two other ships within the three years preceding the sinking: the company's flagship Pegasus only two months before, and MV Jupiter, three years before.
Dateline NBC aired a documentary of the incident on 23 May 2010. The sinking is the subject of a song called "Oceanos" by Celtic rock band Coast. It was also discussed in an episode of Nova on 18 April 2012, entitled, "Why Ships Sink", which focused mainly on the Costa Concordia accident (whose commanding officer also fled while passengers were still aboard) and how it related to the Titanic. Hills was interviewed in the special, and related that some years later he had been on board when the MS Achille Lauro of Star Lauro sank. The rescue featured in episode 4 of Shockwave, first aired 21 December 2007. The NPR radio show and podcast Snap Judgment featured a first person account of the sinking as told by Moss Hills. The show Extreme Weather: The Survivors featured a segment on the sinking.
Wreck
The Oceanos wreck lies at a depth of between 92 m (302 ft) and 97 m (318 ft), about 5 km (3.1 mi) offshore. Divers have visited it, but strong currents make it difficult. Photographs taken in 2002 show that the bridge section has collapsed.
See also
References
- ^ Van Rensburg, Philip G. (5 March 2004). "Diving the Oceanos – Part I". DeeperBlue.
- Barry James, A Captain's Tale: 'The Rescue Was Perfect - Everybody Is Safe', International Herald Tribune, 8 August 1991
- Desert News, "Oceanos Captain Insisted On Early Rescue, Diver Says", 7 August 1991
- Chua-Eoan, Howard (19 August 1991). "Disasters: Going, Going..." Time Magazine. (subscription required)
- ^ "Shockwave: Episode Info". MSN. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
- Dubois, Paul. "Puma SA 330 in SAAF Service". sa-transport.co.za. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
- "The Sinking Of The Cruiseship Oceanos".
- "Cruise ship sinking". YouTube. 6 July 2006.
- World News Tonight (on YouTube). ABC News. 5 August 1991.
- ^ The Star, "Crew abandoned us", 5 August 1991
- Hills, Moss; Hills, Tracy. "Oceanos Cruise Ship Sinking". Archived from the original on 4 January 2013. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
- "Oceanos Sinks". YouTube. 1 December 2011.
- Jerelyn Eddings, South Africa probes cause of luxury liner's sinking, Baltimore Sun, 6 August 1991
- Craig Allen, The Captain's Duty on a Sinking Ship, Professional Mariner, 17 January 2012
- BBC, Must a captain be the last one off a sinking ship?, 18 January 2012
- "Career Overboard?". The New York Times. 11 August 1991.
- Wren, Christopher S. (7 August 1991). "Owner of Lost Greek Cruise Ship Has History of Maritime Mishaps". The New York Times.
- "Down With The Ship" Snap Judgment Podcast #726
- Van Rensburg, Philip G. (2 April 2004). "Diving the Oceanos – Part II". DeeperBlue.
External links
- The Oceanos Sinking, a website maintained by Moss Hills and Tracy Hills
- ABC News Footage of the sinking on YouTube
- Eddings, Eddings; Gormley Jr, John H. (6 August 1991). "South Africa probes cause of luxury liner's sinking". The Baltimore Sun.
- Allen, Craig (17 January 2012). "The Captain's Duty on a Sinking Ship". Professional Mariner.
- Jones, Howard J. (4 August 2010). "Revisting the sinking of Oceanos part 1:Heroic Rescue Effort Saves 571". AMVER. - Reprint of article originally published in 1991
- Down With The Ship - NPR Snap Judgement episode #726 .
| Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1991 | |
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| Shipwrecks |
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| Other incidents |
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1990   1992 | |