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Truso

Shown within Poland
Location	Northern Poland
Region	Vistula Lagoon, Pomerania
Coordinates	54°04′00″N 19°27′00″E / 54.066667°N 19.45°E / 54.066667; 19.45

Truso was a Medieval Old Prussian town and trading center at the banks of Lake Drużno in the Vistula Lagoon region at the southern Baltic Sea coast. Already known during the 9th century at the court of the English King Alfred the Great, Truso was a prominent market on the Amber Road and the destination of western-european merchants.

An account of a trip to the town of Truso in the land of the Pruzzens before the year 890 has been recorded by the merchant Wulfstan of Hedeby. In the words of Marija Gimbutas, "the name of the town is the earliest known historically in the Baltic Sea area". The main export goods of Truso were amber, furs and slaves, while blacksmithing and amber working were the major industries. The beginnings of the town can be dated back to approximately the end of the 8th century, while in the second half of the 10th century, the town declined and was eclipsed as a trade center by nearby Gdańsk.

History

Truso was situated in a central location upon the Eastern European trade routes, which led from Birka in Sweden via Visby on the island of Gotland towards the southern Baltic Sea shore, where in the 13th-century the Hanseatic city of Elbing (since 1945 Elbląg) was established. From there, trade continued further south to Carnuntum in the Alps along a route called the Amber Road. These ancient roads led further south-west and south-east to the Black Sea and eventually to North Africa and Asia. "For Old Prussia, Truso played the same role as Haithabu (Hedeby) for north-western Germany or Slavic Vineta for Pomerania", Gimbutas has observed.

East–west trade route went from Truso and Wiskiauten (a rival centre in Prussia which sprang up at the south-western corner of the Courish Lagoon), along the Baltic Sea to Jutland, and from there up the Slien inlet to Haithabu/Hedeby, a large trading center in Jutland. Hedeby, which lay near the modern city of Schleswig in Schleswig-Holstein, was pretty centrally located and could be reached from all four directions over land as well as from the North Sea, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Baltic Sea.

Around the year 890, Wulfstan of Hedeby (by his own account) undertook a seven-days boat journey from Hedeby to Truso at the behest of king Alfred the Great. One possible reason for this expedition was because Alfred needed aid in his defense against the Danes or Vikings, who had taken over most of England. The reasons for this journey are fundamentally unclear, since Truso was at the time little more than a trading center, and Alfred the Great, the West Saxon ruler, already kept in close contact with the continental Saxons and the Franks.

Archeology

First attempts at finding the exact location of the town date back to early sixteenth century. Based on Prussian archaeological finds from 1897 and excavations which began in the 1920s, archaeologists located Truso around Hansdorf near Elbing (since 1945 Janów Pomorski near Elbląg). Found artifacts, dating from the 7th to 12th century, were stored in the Elbing Museum, now the Elbląg Museum. In the 1980s, the Polish archaeologist Marek Jagodziński had resumed excavations and cleared a c. 20 hectare site, in which a series of structures were burnt down around the year 1000 AD.

Gwyn Jones notes that "no true town has been found and excavated" and that the identification of the site in Elbląg with Truso is based on "finds of Norse weapons" and the presence of "a large Viking Age cemetery" nearby, According to Mateusz Bogucki "by now, there is no doubt that the settlement really is Wulfstan's Truso" The Elbląg Museum brochure: Truso- A Discovered Legend, by Marek F. Jagodziński, describes a large number of buildings found during the recent excavations, with burnt remains of posts suggesting buildings of c. 5 x 10 m and long houses of about 6 x 21 m.

Mateusz Bogucki states in the book "Coin finds in the Viking Age Emporium Truso" (Warsaw 2007, page 83) about ...the end of Truso as a port of trade...a strong political power, probably of Piast origin...sent warriors to try to take control...destroyed the town.

References

1. ^ Klaus Fehn, Dietrich Denecke, Hans-Rudolf Egli, Eike Gringmuth-Dallmer, Franz Irsigler, Winfried Schenk. "Siedlungsforschung. Archäologie – Geschichte – Geographie 22, 2004" (PDF). Siedlungsforschung Bonn. Retrieved September 8, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
2. ^ Gimbutas, Marija. The Balts. London: Thames and Hudson, 1963.
3. ^ Bogucki, Mateusz (2004). "Viking age trade ports in Poland". Estonian Journal of Archaeology. 8 (2): 100–127.
4. ^ Heiko STEUER. "Die Ostsee als Kernraum des 10. Jahrhunderts und ihre Peripherien" (PDF). Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
5. J. M. de Navarro. "Prehistoric Routes between Northern Europe and Italy Defined by the Amber Trade". Jstor. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
6. Marek F. Jagodziński. "Truso between Weonodland and Witland". Academia. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
7. Jones, Gwyn. A History of the Vikings. Oxford University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-19-280134-1. Page 244.

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