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Revision as of 10:17, 23 October 2020 by Vicshukla (talk | contribs) (→Further Reading)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff) This article is about a musical group led by Bachir Attar. For the related group with a similar name, see The Master Musicians of Joujouka.| The Master Musicians of Jajouka led by Bachir Attar | |
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 Master Musicians of Jajouka led by Bachir Attar 2011 | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Jajouka, Morocco |
| Genres | World, Sufi music of Morocco |
| Years active | 1990s–present |
| Labels | Rolling Stones Records, Adelphi, Axiom, Womad, PolyGram, Jajouka Records Inc. |
| Members | See: Members |
| Website | Jajouka.com |
The Master Musicians of Jajouka led by Bachir Attar (sometimes written as ...featuring Bachir Attar) are a collective of Jbala Sufi trance musicians, serving as a modern representation of a centuries-old music tradition. The collective includes musicians from the village of Jajouka (sometimes spelled as Joujouka or Zahjouka), in the Rif Mountains of northern Morocco. Most members are the sons of previous members, and adopt the surname Attar ("perfume maker").
History
Jajouka is an ancient village perched above a long valley in the blue Djebala foothills of the Rif Mountains in Northern Morocco, home to the Master Musicians of Jajouka as well as the Sanctuary of Saint Sidi Ahmed Sheikh, who was a Muslim missionary, teacher of Moulay Abdesalem "The Patron Saint of Morocco", and whose spiritual energy is closely tied with the village and its music. Most people who live in Jajouka are members of the Ahl Sherif tribe, which means "the Saintly." The Attar clan of Jajouka is the founding family of the village and keepers of one of the oldest surviving musical traditions. The music and secrets of Jajouka have been passed down through generations from father to son, by some accounts for as long as 4000 years. The musicians of Jajouka are taught from early childhood a complex music which is unique to Jajouka. After many years of dedicated training, the musicians finally become Malims or Masters. They possess baraka, the blessing of Allah, which gives them the power to heal, and the endurance required to play some of the most intense and complex music around.
For centuries, the Master Musicians of Jajouka were employed by the Kingdom of Morocco as the royal musicians of the King. They had special papers detailing their rights as privileged citizens which allowed them to remain the royal musicians for many rulers - even through French, English and up to Spanish colonization. Throughout that time, the Musicians would still continue to play in and around Jajouka at weddings, Moussems (local music festivals centered around a Saint), and for holidays such as the Aid El Kabir. Supported locally by farmers throughout the Djebala, the musicians were allowed to take an annual tithe from their crops, a privilege they held until the early twentieth century.
The first recordings by the earlier incarnation of the Master Musicians of Jajouka led by Bachir Attar’s father, Hadj Abdessalem Attar, included recordings with Brian Jones (Brian Jones Presents the Pipes of Pan at Jajouka, 1971 AFM/1995 Point Music), Joel Rubiner (The Master Musicians of Jajouka, Adelphi), and Ornette Coleman (Dancing in Your Head).
Led today by Bachir Attar, these are the Master Musicians of Jajouka recognized by the Kingdom of Morocco. The younger generation of our legendary group recorded under the names "Master Musicians of Jajouka" and "Master Musicians of Jajouka Featuring Bachir Attar" with The Rolling Stones (Steel Wheels, 1989), Bill Laswell (Apocalypse Across the Sky, Axiom Records, 1992), Tchad Blake (Jajouka Between the Mountains, WOMAD/Real World Records, 1996), Talvin Singh (The Master Musicians of Jajouka Featuring Bachir Attar, Point Music, 2000), Lee Ranaldo (Crossing Border Fest, The Hague, 2003), Bernardo Bertolucci (The Sheltering Sky film soundtrack), Nicholas Roeg (Bad Timing film soundtrack), and others.
Bachir Attar has also recorded with artists such as Elliott Sharp, Maceo Parker, Ginger Baker and Debie Harry. MMoJ and Bachir have also toured with artists like Ornette Coleman, Steve Lacy, Critters Buggin.
Music and instruments
The Jajouka flute is called the "lira" and is considered to be the oldest instrument in Jajouka. The double-reed instrument is called the rhaita; it is similar to an oboe, but possessing a louder sound and more penetrating tone. The drum is called the "tebel" and is made of goat-skin and played with two wooden sticks. There is also another goat-skin drum called the "tarija" which allows for more fast-paced virtuosity.
The music itself is considered to be part of the Sufi tradition of Islam. Prior to the colonization of Morocco by France and Spain, master musicians of the village were said to be the royal musicians of the sultans. In past centuries master musicians of the Jajouka village traditionally were excused by the country's rulers from manual labor, goat-herding, and farming to concentrate on their music because the music's powerful trance rhythms and droning woodwinds were traditionally considered to have the power to heal the sick.
The music of the region has a strong connection to Pan. According to the tale, thousands of years ago a goat-man called "Bou Jeloud" appeared to an Attar ancestor in a cave, and danced to his music. The musicians of the village re-enact this event annually.
The Master Musicians of Jajouka Today
The group's performance was used on the Rolling Stones' song "Continental Drift" on their 1989 Steel Wheels album, whose recording was documented in author Paul Bowles' Tangier journal, Days and in journalist Stephen Davis's history of the Rolling Stones, Old Gods Almost Dead. An online African Music Encyclopedia quoted Mick Jagger as calling the group "one of the most musically inspiring groups still left on the planet". Also in 1989, they toured a couple of dates with Ornette Coleman. In 1992 an album was produced by Bill Laswell, called Apocalypse Across the Sky. A track from the 1992 sessions also was featured on the 1994 Bill Laswell-produced "Lost in the Translation" various artists compilation.
Excerpts from the song "El Medahey" from The Master Musicians of Jajouka featuring Bachir Attar album Apocalypse Across the Sky were used on the 2000 score of The Cell by Howard Shore. "El Medahey", a standard the group often has played in live performance, was originally composed by Hadj Abdesalam Attar. The group is listed as "Master Musicians of Jajouka" on the liner notes for this and several other soundtracks since 1985, beginning with Ornette: Made in America.
Although the "Master Musicians of Jajouka" name has also been used on film soundtrack appearances and compilations as recently as 2004, beginning with Apocalypse Across the Sky, the Bachir Attar-led generation of the group used the alternate recording name "Master Musicians of Jajouka featuring Bachir Attar" on that album and on two additional ones: Jajouka Between the Mountains and Master Musicians of Jajouka featuring Bachir Attar. The latter album was produced by Talvin Singh on the Point Music label in 2000. The collaboration with Singh expanded the group's sound to a more contemporary audience by HH// ambient music.
In 2006 and 2007, film professor Augusta Palmer, daughter of the late music journalist Robert Palmer, had production under way on a film called The Hand of Fatima about The Master Musicians of Jajouka, her father, and Bachir Attar.The Master Musicians of Jajouka who are led by Bachir Attar performed in Lisbon, Portugal, in January 2007, and the group performed at the 16th annual Meltdown festival curated by Ornette Coleman at London's Southbank Centre in June 2009, alongside such talents as Yoko Ono and Patti Smith.
In 2012, Marc and Eric Hurtado released the film Jajouka: Something Good Comes To You (original title: Jajouka, quelque chose de bon vient vers toi) about the healing aspects of the music of the music of The Master Musicians of Jajouka.
Members
- Current
- Bachir Attar
- Mustapha Attar
- Mohamed "Hadj" Attar
- Amin Attar
- Mohamed Attar The Mohkadem
- Mohamed Attar Berdouz Jr.
- Hamido Attar
- Abdellah Bohkzar
- Mokhtar Jaghdal
- Abdelzarak "Hadj" Attar
- Bouker Talha
- Ahmed el Ballouti
- Ahmed Bahkat
- Former
- Larbi Hlalli Attar
- Abdellah Bokzar
- Tahir Bokzar
- Abdeslam Bokzar
- Mohamed El Hatmi
- Ali Maidoubi
- Ali Nachat
Discography - group led by Bachir Attar since 1982 (from Discogs)
- Apocalypse Across the Sky (1992)
- Jajouka Between the Mountains (1996)
- Master Musicians of Jajouka Featuring Bachir Attar (2000)
- Jajouka Live Vol. 1 (2009)
- The Road to Jajouka (2014)
- Jajouka Between the Mountains (1996)
- Master Musicians of Jajouka Featuring Bachir Attar (2000)
- Jajouka Live Vol. 1 (2009)
- The Source (2010)
- The Master Musicians Of Jajouka* featuring Material – Apocalypse Live (2017)
Film soundtracks and compilation albums
- Ornette: Made in America (1985, film sound track appearance)
- The Sheltering Sky (1990, film soundtrack and film appearance)
- Naked Lunch (1991, film soundtrack appearance)
- Lost in the Translation: Axiom Ambient (1994)
- The Cell (2000, film soundtrack appearance with The London Philharmonic Orchestra)
- Time's Up Live (2001)
- Along Came Polly (2004, film soundtrack appearance)
Notes
- "The Master Musicians of Jajouka | Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved 2020-05-28.
- "The Master Musicians of Jajouka | Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved 2020-05-28.
Further Reading
- The Rolling Stones in Morocco, a segment of the BBC television film with Mick Jagger and Bachir Attar in Jajouka and Tangier, The Master Musicians of Jajouka. (YouTube.com)
- Q&A with Moroccan musician Bachir Attar, the leader of Master Musicians of Jajouka: The primordial echo of rock ‘n’ roll by Michael Limnios Blues Network
- Lion-Auriga Music Publishing Master Musicians of Jajouka featuring Bachir Attar artist page
- Discography — The Master Musicians of Jajouka
- Brian Jones Presents the Pipes of Pan at Joujouka (1971)
- Master Musicians Of Jajouka – The Primal Energy That Is The Music And Ritual Of Jajouka, Morocco
- The Hand of Fatima – a feature length documentary by Augusta Palmer
- (French) Alaoui, Mehdi Sekkouri. "Souvenirs. Sur les traces des Rolling Stones". Telquel Online.
- Barry, James "The Cell Soundtrack: Review". SoundtrackNet.
- Bowles, Paul (1991). Days. The Ecco Press. ISBN 0-88001-269-2.
- Burroughs, William S. (August 1973). "Face to Face With the Goat God", Oui.
- Davis, Stephen (2001). Old Gods Almost Dead. Broadway Books, 135–37, 172, 195–201, 227; 233–34, 248–53, 270, 354, 504–05, 508.
- Fariborz, Arian (2005). "The Master Musicians of Joujouka: The Faded Myth of the Goat-God". Qantara.de.
- Gross, Jason (June 2000). "Master Musicians of Jajouka: Bachir Attar Interview". Perfect Sound Forever.
- Kettlewell, Ben. "Features: The Master Musicians of Jajouka". Alternate Music Press.
- La Briola, John (August 30, 2001). "Mystic Muses: Musical Shamans Keep the Flame Alive During a Rare Visit to Denver". Denver Westword.
- "The Master Musicians of Jajouka". The African Music Encyclopedia.
- "Ornette Coleman / Bachir Attar / The Master Musicians Of Jajouka: The Road To Jajouka". All About Jazz (September 3, 2013).
- "Master Musicians of Jajouka": Biography. World Music Central.
- "The Master Musicians of Jajouka Music Credits". Yahoo! Movies.
- Palmer, Robert (March 23, 1989). "Into the Mystic". Rolling Stone.
- Palmer, Robert (October 14, 1971). "Jajouka: Up the Mountain". Rolling Stone.
- Palmer, Robert (December 19, 1971). "Music for a Moroccan Pan". The New York Times.
- Palmer, Robert (January 12, 1975). "Trance Music — a Trend of the 1970s". The New York Times.
- Palmer, Robert (June 11, 1992). "Up the Mountain". Rolling Stone.]
- Pareles, Jon (August 27, 1989). "Still the Stones, but There's a Catch". The New York Times.
- Ranaldo, Lee (August 1996). "Into The Mystic". The Wire.
- Rosenberg, Jeff; with Flessas, Daniel contributor (September 26, 2001). "The Masterminds: Bachir Attar and Mustapha Attar Launch the Ancient Traditions of Morocco's Mountains into the 21st Century". Willamette Week Online.
- Schuyler, Philip (2000) "Joujouka/Jajouka/Zahjoukah -- Moroccan Music and Euro-American Imagination", in Armbrust, Walter, editor. "Mass Mediations: New Approaches to Popular Culture in the Middle East and Beyond". Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000.
- Strauss, Neil (October 12, 1995). "The Pop Life: To Save Jajouka, How About a Mercedes in the Village?". The New York Times.
- "Videos — Ornette: Made in America". (YouTube).
External Links
The Master Musicians of Jajouka official web site
Master Musicians of Jajouka official MySpace.com page
Lion-Auriga Music Publishing Master Musicians of Jajouka featuring Bachir Attar artist page
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