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May 31 is the 151st day of the year (152nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 214 days remain until the end of the year.

Events

• 455 – Emperor Petronius Maximus is stoned to death by an angry mob while fleeing Rome.
• 1223 – Mongol invasion of the Cumans: Battle of the Kalka River: Mongol armies of Genghis Khan led by Subutai defeat Kievan Rus' and Cumans.
• 1293 – Mongol invasion of Java was a punitive expedition against King Kertanegara of Singhasari, who had refused to pay tribute to the Yuan and maimed one of its ministers. However, it ended with failure for the Mongols. Regarded as establish City of Surabaya
• 1578 – King Henry III lays the first stone of the Pont Neuf (New Bridge), the oldest bridge of Paris, France.
• 1669 – Citing poor eyesight as a reason, Samuel Pepys records the last event in his diary.
• 1775 – American Revolution: The Mecklenburg Resolves are adopted in the Province of North Carolina.
• 1790 – Manuel Quimper explores the Strait of Juan de Fuca.
• 1790 – The United States enacts its first copyright statute, the Copyright Act of 1790.
• 1795 – French Revolution: The Revolutionary Tribunal is suppressed.
• 1805 – French and Spanish forces begin the assault against British forces occupying Diamond Rock.
• 1813 – In Australia, William Lawson, Gregory Blaxland and William Wentworth reach Mount Blaxland, effectively marking the end of a route across the Blue Mountains.
• 1859 – The clock tower at the Houses of Parliament, which houses Big Ben, starts keeping time.
• 1862 – American Civil War: Peninsula Campaign: Confederate forces under Joseph E. Johnston and G.W. Smith engage Union forces under George B. McClellan outside Richmond, Virginia.
• 1864 – American Civil War: Overland Campaign: Battle of Cold Harbor: The Army of Northern Virginia engages the Army of the Potomac.
• 1879 – Gilmore's Garden in New York City is renamed Madison Square Garden by William Henry Vanderbilt and is opened to the public at 26th Street and Madison Avenue.
• 1884 – The arrival at Plymouth of Tāwhiao, King of Maoris, to claim the protection of Queen Victoria.
• 1889 – Johnstown Flood: Over 2,200 people die after a dam fails and sends a 60-foot (18-meter) wall of water over the town of Johnstown, Pennsylvania.
• 1902 – Second Boer War: The Treaty of Vereeniging ends the war and ensures British control of South Africa.
• 1909 – The National Negro Committee, forerunner to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), convenes for the first time.
• 1910 – The South Africa Act comes into force, establishing the Union of South Africa.
• 1911 – The RMS Titanic is launched in Belfast, Northern Ireland.
• 1911 – The President of Mexico Porfirio Díaz flees the country during the Mexican Revolution.
• 1916 – World War I: Battle of Jutland: The British Grand Fleet engages the High Seas Fleet in the largest naval battle of the war, which proves indecisive.
• 1921 – The Tulsa race massacre kills at least 39, but other estimates of black fatalities vary from 55 to about 300.
• 1935 – A 7.7 M_w  earthquake destroys Quetta in modern-day Pakistan killing 40,000.
• 1941 – Anglo-Iraqi War: The United Kingdom completes the re-occupation of Iraq and returns 'Abd al-Ilah to power as regent for Faisal II.
• 1942 – World War II: Imperial Japanese Navy midget submarines begin a series of attacks on Sydney, Australia.
• 1947 – Ferenc Nagy, the democratically elected Prime Minister of Hungary, resigns from office after blackmail from the Hungarian Communist Party accusing him of being part of a plot against the state. This grants the Communists effective control of the Hungarian government.
• 1961 – The South African Constitution of 1961 becomes effective, thus creating the Republic of South Africa, which remains outside the Commonwealth of Nations until 1 June 1994, when South Africa is returned to Commonwealth membership.
• 1961 – In Moscow City Court, the Rokotov–Faibishenko show trial begins, despite the Khrushchev Thaw to reverse Stalinist elements in Soviet society.
• 1962 – The West Indies Federation dissolves.
• 1970 – The 7.9 M_w  Ancash earthquake shakes Peru with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe) and a landslide buries the town of Yungay, Peru. Between 66,794–70,000 were killed and 50,000 were injured.
• 1971 – In accordance with the Uniform Monday Holiday Act passed by the U.S. Congress in 1968, observation of Memorial Day occurs on the last Monday in May for the first time, rather than on the traditional Memorial Day of May 30.
• 1973 – The United States Senate votes to cut off funding for the bombing of Khmer Rouge targets within Cambodia, hastening the end of the Cambodian Civil War.
• 1977 – The Trans-Alaska Pipeline System is completed.
• 1985 – United States–Canada tornado outbreak: Forty-one tornadoes hit Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, and Ontario, leaving 76 dead.
• 1991 – Bicesse Accords in Angola lay out a transition to multi-party democracy under the supervision of the United Nations' UNAVEM II mission.
• 2005 – Vanity Fair reveals that Mark Felt was "Deep Throat".
• 2008 – Usain Bolt breaks the world record in the 100m sprint, with a wind-legal (+1.7 m/s) 9.72 seconds
• 2010 – Israeli Shayetet 13 commandos boarded the Gaza Freedom Flotilla while still in international waters trying to break the ongoing blockade of the Gaza Strip; nine Turkish citizens on the flotilla were killed in the ensuing violent affray.
• 2013 – The asteroid 1998 QE2 and its moon make their closest approach to Earth for the next two centuries.
• 2013 – A record breaking 2.6 mile wide tornado strikes El Reno, Oklahoma, United States, causing eight fatalities and over 150 injuries.
• 2017 – A car bomb explodes in a crowded intersection in Kabul near the German embassy during rush hour, killing over 90 and injuring 463.
• 2017 – U.S. President Donald Trump tweets the word "covfefe" and quickly becomes a worldwide viral phenomenon.
• 2019 – A shooting occurs inside a municipal building at Virginia Beach, Virginia, leaving 13 people dead, including the shooter, and four others injured.

Births

• 1443 (or 1441) – Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby (d. 1509)
• 1462 – Philipp II, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (d. 1504)
• 1469 – Manuel I of Portugal (d. 1521)
• 1535 – Alessandro Allori, Italian painter (d. 1607)
• 1556 – Jerzy Radziwiłł, Catholic cardinal (d. 1600)
• 1577 – Nur Jahan, Empress consort of the Mughal Empire (d. 1645)
• 1613 – John George II, Elector of Saxony (d. 1680)
• 1640 – Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki, King of Poland (d. 1673)
• 1641 – Patriarch Dositheos II of Jerusalem (d. 1707)
• 1725 – Ahilyabai Holkar, Queen of the Malwa Kingdom under the Maratha Empire (d. 1795)
• 1732 – Count Hieronymus von Colloredo, Austrian archbishop (d. 1812)
• 1753 – Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud, French lawyer and politician (d. 1793)
• 1754 – Andrea Appiani, Italian painter and educator (d. 1817)
• 1773 – Ludwig Tieck, German poet, author, and critic (d. 1853)
• 1801 – Johann Georg Baiter, Swiss philologist and scholar (d. 1887)
• 1815 – Adye Douglas, English-Australian cricketer and politician, 15th Premier of Tasmania (d. 1906)
• 1818 – John Albion Andrew, American lawyer and politician, 25th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1867)
• 1819 – Walt Whitman, American poet, essayist, and journalist (d. 1892)
• 1827 – Kusumoto Ine, first Japanese female doctor of Western medicine (d. 1903)
• 1835 – Hijikata Toshizō, Japanese commander (d. 1869)
• 1838 – Henry Sidgwick, English economist and philosopher (d. 1900)
• 1842 – John Cox Bray, Australian politician, 15th Premier of South Australia (d. 1894)
• 1847 – William Pirrie, 1st Viscount Pirrie, Canadian-Irish businessman and politician, Lord Mayor of Belfast (d. 1924)
• 1852 – Francisco Moreno, Argentinian explorer and academic (d. 1919)
• 1852 – Julius Richard Petri, German microbiologist, invented the Petri dish (d. 1921)
• 1857 – Pope Pius XI (d. 1939)
• 1858 – Graham Wallas, English socialist, social psychologist, and educationalist (d. 1932)
• 1860 – Walter Sickert, English painter (d. 1942)
• 1863 – Francis Younghusband, Indian-English captain and explorer (d. 1942)
• 1866 – John Ringling, American entrepreneur; one of the founders of the Ringling Brothers Circus (d. 1936)
• 1875 – Rosa May Billinghurst, British suffragette and women's rights activist (d.1953)
• 1879 – Frances Alda, New Zealand-Australian soprano (d. 1952)
• 1882 – Sándor Festetics, Hungarian politician, Hungarian Minister of War (d. 1956)
• 1883 – Lauri Kristian Relander, Finnish politician, 2nd President of Finland (d. 1942)
• 1885 – Robert Richards, Australian politician, 32nd Premier of South Australia (d. 1967)
• 1887 – Saint-John Perse, French poet and diplomat, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1975)
• 1892 – Michel Kikoine, Belarusian-French painter (d. 1968)
• 1892 – Erich Neumann, German lieutenant and politician (d. 1951)
• 1892 – Konstantin Paustovsky, Russian poet and author (d. 1968)
• 1892 – Gregor Strasser, German lieutenant and politician (d. 1934)
• 1894 – Fred Allen, American comedian, radio host, game show panelist, and author (d. 1956)
• 1898 – Norman Vincent Peale, American minister and author (d. 1993)
• 1900 – Lucile Godbold, American athlete (d. 1981)
• 1901 – Alfredo Antonini, Italian-American conductor and composer (d. 1983)
• 1908 – Don Ameche, American actor (d. 1993)
• 1909 – Art Coulter, Canadian-American ice hockey player (d. 2000)
• 1911 – Maurice Allais, French economist and physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2010)
• 1912 – Chien-Shiung Wu, Chinese-American experimental physicist (d. 1997)
• 1914 – Akira Ifukube, Japanese composer and educator (d. 2006)
• 1916 – Bert Haanstra, Dutch director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1997)
• 1918 – Robert Osterloh, American actor (d. 2001)
• 1918 – Lloyd Quarterman, African American chemist (d. 1982)
• 1919 – Robie Macauley, American editor, novelist and critic (d. 1995)
• 1921 – Edna Doré, English actress (d. 2014)
• 1921 – Andrew Grima, Anglo-Italian jewellery designer (d. 2007)
• 1921 – Howard Reig, American radio and television announcer (d. 2008)
• 1921 – Alida Valli, Austrian-Italian actress and singer (d. 2006)
• 1922 – Denholm Elliott, English-Spanish actor (d. 1992)
• 1923 – Ellsworth Kelly, American painter and sculptor (d. 2015)
• 1923 – Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (d. 2005)
• 1923 – Claudio Matteini (d. 2003), Italian football player
• 1925 – Julian Beck, American actor and director (d. 1986)
• 1927 – James Eberle, English admiral (d. 2018)
• 1927 – Michael Sandberg, Baron Sandberg, English lieutenant and banker (d. 2017)
• 1928 – Pankaj Roy, Indian cricketer (d. 2001)
• 1929 – Menahem Golan, Israeli director and producer (d. 2014)
• 1930 – Clint Eastwood, American actor, director, musician, and producer
• 1931 – John Robert Schrieffer, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2019)
• 1931 – Shirley Verrett, American soprano and actress (d. 2010)
• 1932 – Ed Lincoln, Brazilian pianist, bassist, and composer (d. 2012)
• 1932 – Jay Miner, American computer scientist and engineer (d. 1994)
• 1933 – Henry B. Eyring, American religious leader, educator, and author
• 1934 – Jim Hutton, American actor (d. 1979)
• 1935 – Jim Bolger, New Zealand businessman and politician, 35th Prime Minister of New Zealand
• 1938 – Johnny Paycheck, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2003)
• 1938 – John Prescott, British sailor and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
• 1938 – Peter Yarrow, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1939 – Terry Waite, English humanitarian and author
• 1940 – Anatoliy Bondarchuk, Ukrainian hammer thrower and coach
• 1940 – Augie Meyers, American musician and singer-songwriter
• 1940 – Gilbert Shelton, American illustrator
• 1941 – June Clark, Welsh nurse and educator
• 1941 – Louis Ignarro, American pharmacologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1941 – William Nordhaus, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1943 – Sharon Gless, American actress
• 1943 – Joe Namath, American football player, sportscaster, and actor
• 1945 – Rainer Werner Fassbinder, German actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1982)
• 1945 – Laurent Gbagbo, Ivorian academic and politician, 4th President of Côte d'Ivoire
• 1945 – Bernard Goldberg, American journalist and author
• 1946 – Ted Baehr, American publisher and critic
• 1946 – Steve Bucknor, Jamaican cricketer and umpire
• 1946 – Krista Kilvet, Estonian journalist, politician, and diplomat (d. 2009)
• 1946 – Debbie Moore, English model and businesswoman
• 1947 – Junior Campbell, Scottish singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1947 – Gabriele Hinzmann, German discus thrower
• 1948 – Svetlana Alexievich, Belarusian journalist and author, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1948 – John Bonham, English musician, songwriter and drummer (d. 1980)
• 1948 – Martin Hannett, English bass player, guitarist, and record producer (d. 1991)
• 1948 – Duncan Hunter, American lieutenant, lawyer, and politician
• 1949 – Tom Berenger, American actor, film producer and television writer
• 1950 – Jean Chalopin, French director, producer, and screenwriter, founded DIC Entertainment
• 1950 – Gregory Harrison, American actor
• 1950 – Edgar Savisaar, Estonian politician, Estonian Minister of the Interior
• 1951 – Karl-Hans Riehm, German hammer thrower
• 1952 – Karl Bartos, German singer-songwriter and keyboard player
• 1953 – Pirkka-Pekka Petelius, Finnish actor and screenwriter
• 1954 – Thomas Mavros, Greek footballer
• 1954 – Vicki Sue Robinson, American actress and singer (d. 2000)
• 1955 – Tommy Emmanuel, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1955 – Susie Essman, American actress, comedian, and screenwriter
• 1956 – Fritz Hilpert, German drummer and composer
• 1956 – John Young, English singer-songwriter and keyboard player
• 1957 – Jim Craig, American ice hockey player
• 1959 – Andrea de Cesaris, Italian racing driver (d. 2014)
• 1959 – Phil Wilson, English politician
• 1960 – Greg Adams, Canadian ice hockey player and businessman
• 1960 – Chris Elliott, American actor, comedian, and screenwriter
• 1960 – Peter Winterbottom, English rugby player
• 1961 – Ray Cote, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1961 – Justin Madden, Australian footballer and politician
• 1961 – Lea Thompson, American actress, director, and producer
• 1962 – Corey Hart, Canadian singer-songwriter and producer
• 1963 – David Leigh, holder of the Sir Samuel Hall Chair of Chemistry at the University of Manchester
• 1963 – Viktor Orbán, Hungarian politician, 38th Prime Minister of Hungary
• 1963 – Wesley Willis, American singer-songwriter and keyboard player (d. 2003)
• 1964 – Leonard Asper, Canadian lawyer and businessman
• 1964 – Stéphane Caristan, French hurdler and coach
• 1964 – Yukio Edano, Japanese politician, Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs
• 1964 – Darryl "D.M.C." McDaniels, American rapper and producer
• 1965 – Brooke Shields, American model, actress, and producer
• 1966 – Roshan Mahanama, Sri Lankan cricketer and referee
• 1967 – Phil Keoghan, New Zealand television host and producer
• 1967 – Kenny Lofton, American baseball player, coach, and sportscaster
• 1971 – Arun Luthra, Indo-Anglo-American saxophonist, konnakol artist, composer, and arranger
• 1972 – Christian McBride, American bassist and record producer
• 1972 – Archie Panjabi, Indo-British actress
• 1972 – Frode Estil, Norwegian skier
• 1972 – Antti Niemi, Finnish international footballer, goalkeeper and coach
• 1972 – Dave Roberts, American baseball player and coach
• 1974 – Hiroiki Ariyoshi, Japanese comedian and singer
• 1974 – Chad Campbell, American golfer
• 1975 – Mac Suzuki, Japanese baseball player
• 1976 – Colin Farrell, Irish actor
• 1976 – Matt Harpring, American basketball player and sportscaster
• 1977 – Theodoros Baev, Bulgarian-Greek volleyball player
• 1977 – Domenico Fioravanti, Italian swimmer
• 1977 – Eric Christian Olsen, American actor
• 1977 – Moses Sichone, Zambian footballer
• 1977 – Petr Tenkrát, Czech ice hockey player
• 1979 – Jean-François Gillet, Belgian footballer
• 1981 – Mikael Antonsson, Swedish footballer
• 1981 – Daniele Bonera, Italian footballer
• 1981 – Jake Peavy, American baseball player
• 1981 – Marlies Schild, Austrian skier
• 1984 – Andrew Bailey, American baseball player
• 1984 – Milorad Čavić, Serbian swimmer
• 1984 – Nate Robinson, American basketball player
• 1985 – Jordy Nelson, American football player
• 1986 – Robert Gesink, Dutch cyclist
• 1989 – Marco Reus, German footballer
• 1990 – Erik Karlsson, Swedish ice hockey player
• 1992 – Michaël Bournival, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1992 – Laura Ikauniece, Latvian heptathlete
• 1996 – Normani Korde, American singer
• 1998 – Santino Ferrucci, American race car driver

Deaths

• 455 – Petronius Maximus, Roman emperor (b. 396)
• 930 – Liu Hua, princess of Southern Han (b. 896)
• 960 – Fujiwara no Morosuke, Japanese statesman (b. 909)
• 1076 – Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria, English politician (b. 1050)
• 1089 – Sigwin von Are, archbishop of Cologne
• 1162 – Géza II, king of Hungary (b. 1130)
• 1321 – Birger, king of Sweden (b. 1280)
• 1326 – Maurice de Berkeley, 2nd Baron Berkeley (b. 1271)
• 1329 – Albertino Mussato, Italian statesman and writer (b. 1261)
• 1349 – Thomas Wake, English politician (b. 1297)
• 1370 – Vitalis of Assisi, Italian hermit and monk (b. 1295)
• 1408 – Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, Japanese shōgun (b. 1358)
• 1410 – Martin of Aragon, Spanish king (b. 1356)
• 1504 – Engelbert II of Nassau (b. 1451)
• 1558 – Philip Hoby, English general and diplomat (b. 1505)
• 1567 – Guido de Bres, Belgian pastor and theologian (b. 1522)
• 1594 – Tintoretto, Italian painter and educator (b. 1518)
• 1601 – Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg, Archbishop-Elector of Cologne (b. 1547)
• 1640 – Zeynab Begum, Safavid princess (date of birth unknown)
• 1665 – Pieter Jansz. Saenredam, Dutch painter (b. 1597)
• 1680 – Joachim Neander, German theologian and educator (b. 1650)
• 1740 – Frederick William I of Prussia (b. 1688)
• 1747 – Andrey Osterman, German-Russian politician, Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1686)
• 1809 – Joseph Haydn, Austrian pianist and composer (b. 1732)
• 1809 – Jean Lannes, French general (b. 1769)
• 1831 – Samuel Bentham, English architect and engineer (b. 1757)
• 1832 – Évariste Galois, French mathematician and theorist (b. 1811)
• 1837 – Joseph Grimaldi, English actor, comedian and dancer, (b. 1779)
• 1846 – Philip Marheineke, German pastor and philosopher (b. 1780)
• 1847 – Thomas Chalmers, Scottish minister and economist (b. 1780)
• 1848 – Eugénie de Guérin, French author (b. 1805)
• 1899 – Stefanos Koumanoudis, Greek archaeologist, teacher and writer (b. 1818)
• 1908 – Louis-Honoré Fréchette, Canadian author, poet, and politician (b. 1839)
• 1909 – Thomas Price, Welsh-Australian politician, 24th Premier of South Australia (b. 1852)
• 1910 – Elizabeth Blackwell, English-American physician and educator (b. 1821)
• 1931 – Felix-Raymond-Marie Rouleau, Canadian cardinal (b. 1866)
• 1931 – Willy Stöwer, German author and illustrator (b. 1864)
• 1945 – Odilo Globocnik, Italian-Austrian SS officer (b. 1904)
• 1954 – Antonis Benakis, Greek art collector and philanthropist, founded the Benaki Museum (b. 1873)
• 1957 – Stefanos Sarafis, Greek general and politician (b. 1890)
• 1957 – Leopold Staff, Polish poet and academic (b. 1878)
• 1960 – Willem Elsschot, Flemish author and poet (b. 1882)
• 1960 – Walther Funk, German economist, journalist, and politician, German Minister of Economics (b. 1890)
• 1962 – Henry F. Ashurst, American lawyer and politician (b. 1874)
• 1967 – Billy Strayhorn, American pianist and composer (b. 1915)
• 1970 – Terry Sawchuk, Canadian-American ice hockey player (b. 1929)
• 1976 – Jacques Monod, French biologist and geneticist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1910)
• 1977 – William Castle, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1914)
• 1978 – József Bozsik, Hungarian footballer and manager (b. 1925)
• 1981 – Barbara Ward, Baroness Jackson of Lodsworth, English economist and journalist (b. 1914)
• 1982 – Carlo Mauri, Italian mountaineer and explorer (b. 1930)
• 1983 – Jack Dempsey, American boxer and lieutenant (b. 1895)
• 1985 – Gaston Rébuffat, French mountaineer and author (b. 1921)
• 1986 – Jane Frank, American painter and sculptor (b. 1918)
• 1986 – James Rainwater, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1917)
• 1987 – John Abraham, Indian director and screenwriter (b. 1937)
• 1989 – Owen Lattimore, American author and academic (b. 1900)
• 1989 – C. L. R. James, Trinidadian journalist and historian (b. 1901)
• 1993 – Honey Tree Evil Eye, or, Spud Mackenzie, a Bull Terrier, dies of kidney failure.
• 1994 – Uzay Heparı, Turkish actor, producer, and composer (b. 1969)
• 1994 – Herva Nelli, Italian-American soprano (b. 1909)
• 1995 – Stanley Elkin, American novelist, short story writer, and essayist (b. 1930)
• 1996 – Timothy Leary, American psychologist and author (b. 1920)
• 1998 – Charles Van Acker, Belgian-American race car driver (b. 1912)
• 2000 – Petar Mladenov, Bulgarian diplomat, 1st President of Bulgaria (b. 1936)
• 2000 – Tito Puente, American jazz musician (b. 1923)
• 2000 – A. Jeyaratnam Wilson, Sri Lankan historian, author, and academic (b. 1928)
• 2001 – Arlene Francis, American actress, talk show host, game show panelist, and television personality (b. 1907)
• 2002 – Subhash Gupte, Indian cricketer (b. 1929)
• 2004 – Aiyathurai Nadesan, Sri Lankan journalist (b. 1954)
• 2004 – Robert Quine, American guitarist (b. 1941)
• 2004 – Étienne Roda-Gil, French screenwriter and composer (b. 1941)
• 2006 – Miguel Ortiz Berrocal, Spanish sculptor (b. 1933)
• 2006 – Raymond Davis, Jr., American physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1914)
• 2009 – Danny La Rue, Irish-British drag queen performer and singer (b. 1927)
• 2009 – George Tiller, American physician (b. 1941)
• 2010 – Louise Bourgeois, French-American sculptor and painter (b. 1911)
• 2010 – Brian Duffy, English photographer and producer (b. 1933)
• 2010 – William A. Fraker, American director, producer, and cinematographer (b. 1923)
• 2010 – Rubén Juárez, Argentinian singer-songwriter and bandoneón player (b. 1947)
• 2010 – Merata Mita, New Zealand director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1942)
• 2011 – Pauline Betz, American tennis player (b. 1919)
• 2011 – Jonas Bevacqua, American fashion designer, co-founded the Lifted Research Group (b. 1977)
• 2011 – Derek Hodge, Virgin Islander lawyer and politician, Lieutenant Governor of the United States Virgin Islands (b. 1941)
• 2011 – Hans Keilson, German-Dutch psychoanalyst and author (b. 1909)
• 2011 – John Martin, English admiral and politician, Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey (b. 1918)
• 2011 – Andy Robustelli, American football player and manager (b. 1925)
• 2012 – Christopher Challis, English cinematographer (b. 1919)
• 2012 – Randall B. Kester, American lawyer and judge (b. 1916)
• 2012 – Paul Pietsch, German racing driver and publisher (b. 1911)
• 2012 – Orlando Woolridge, American basketball player and coach (b. 1959)
• 2013 – Gerald E. Brown, American physicist and academic (b. 1926)
• 2013 – Frederic Lindsay, Scottish author and educator (b. 1933)
• 2013 – Miguel Méndez, American author and poet (b. 1930)
• 2013 – Tim Samaras, American engineer and storm chaser (b. 1957)
• 2013 – Jairo Mora Sandoval, Costa Rican environmentalist (b. 1987)
• 2013 – Jean Stapleton, American actress (b. 1923)
• 2014 – Marilyn Beck, American journalist (b. 1928)
• 2014 – Marinho Chagas, Brazilian footballer and coach (b. 1952)
• 2014 – Hoss Ellington, American race car driver (b. 1935)
• 2014 – Martha Hyer, American actress (b. 1924)
• 2014 – Lewis Katz, American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1942)
• 2014 – Mary Soames, Baroness Soames, English author (b. 1922)
• 2015 – Gladys Taylor, Canadian author and publisher (b. 1917)
• 2016 – Mohamed Abdelaziz, President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1976–2016) (b. 1947)
• 2016 – Jan Crouch, American televangelist, co-founder of the Trinity Broadcasting Network (b. 1938)
• 2016 – Carla Lane, English television writer (b. 1928)
• 2016 – Rupert Neudeck, German journalist and humanitarian (b. 1939)

Holidays and observances

• Anniversary of Royal Brunei Malay Regiment (Brunei)
• Christian feast day:
  • Camilla Battista da Varano
  • Hermias
  • Petronella
  • Visitation of Mary (Western Christianity)
  • May 31 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• The beginning of Gawai Dayak (Dayaks in Sarawak, Malaysia and West Kalimantan, Indonesia)
• World No Tobacco Day (International)

References

1. Knoji. "History of Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia". indonesia.knoji.com. Retrieved 2018-10-16.
2. "How a Javanese King Defeated a Powerful Mongolian Emperor? | Seasia.co". Good News from Southeast Asia. Archived from the original on 2018-10-16. Retrieved 2018-10-16.
3. Lasteyrie, R. de (1882). "Documents inédits sur la construction du Pont-Neuf," Mémoires de la Société de l'Histoire de Paris et de l'Ile de France, vol. 9 (1882), p. 47.
4. Samuel Pepys (29 March 2001). The Diary of Samuel Pepys, Vol. 10: Companion. University of California Press. pp. 178–. ISBN 978-0-520-22715-6.
5. Hugh Talmage Lefler (1956). North Carolina History Told by Contemporaries. University of North Carolina Press. p. 100.
6. Dennis Reinhartz; Gerald D. Saxon (1 January 2010). Mapping and Empire: Soldier-Engineers on the Southwestern Frontier. University of Texas Press. p. 54. ISBN 978-0-292-77441-4.
7. "BBC - History : British History Timeline". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
8. The Institute for the History of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution: Hungary 1944-1953, Part 2.Communist take-over, 1946–1949
9. Hunt, Elle (2017-05-31). "What is covfefe? The tweet by Donald Trump that baffled the internet". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2020-05-31.
10. Kalra, Sanjay (2017). "Endocrine Covfefe". Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 21 (5): 787–788. doi:10.4103/ijem.IJEM_235_17. ISSN 2230-8210. PMC 5628556. PMID 28989894.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
11. LaFrance, Adrienne (2019-01-13). "Six Hours and Three Minutes of Internet Chaos". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2020-05-31.
12. Jones, Michael K.; Underwood, Malcolm G. (1993), The King's Mother: Lady Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby, Cambridge University Press, p. 34, ISBN 0521447941
13. Clayton J. Drees (2001). The Late Medieval Age of Crisis and Renewal, 1300-1500: A Biographical Dictionary. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 317. ISBN 978-0-313-30588-7.
14. Ian Chilvers; Harold Osborne (1988). The Oxford dictionary of art. Oxford University Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-19-860476-1.
15. Nakamura, Ellen (2008). "Working the Siebold Network: Kusumoto Ine and Western Learning in Nineteenth-Century Japan". Japanese Studies. 28 (2): 197–211. doi:10.1080/10371390802249172. ISSN 1469-9338. S2CID 145221289. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
16. Lentz, Harris M., III (2008). Obituaries in the Performing Arts, 2001: Film, Television, Radio, Theatre, Dance, Music, Cartoons and Pop Culture. McFarland. pp. 227–228. ISBN 9780786452064. Retrieved 28 December 2018.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
17. "Claudio Matteini". Almanacco giallorosso (in Itallian). Retrieved 26 August 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link)
18. Brady, James (1990-02-25). "In Step With: Gregory Harrison". Parade. Retrieved 2018-05-23.
19. Pascal Bussy; Mick Fish (1993). Man, machine and music. SAF. p. 60. ISBN 978-0-946719-09-9.
20. "Antti Niemi". soccerbase.com. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
21. "Colin Farrell Biography (1976–)". Filmreference.com. Retrieved 25 January 2011.
22. "Marco Reus: Facts". Marco Reus. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
23. May 31 at World Athletics
24. "Watch Fifth Harmony Sing Happy Birthday to Normani Hamilton". Billboard. May 31, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2018.
25. "Santino Ferrucci". Retrieved 28 September 2018.
26. Franzen, August (1964), "Gebhard", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 6, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, p. 113; (full text online)
27. Ghereghlou 2016.
28. C. Gerald Fraser, "C. L. R. James, Historian, Critic And Pan-Africanist, Is Dead at 88", The New York Times, 2 June 1989.
29. "Spuds MacKenzie is dead". UPI. Retrieved 2020-06-02.

Sources

• Ghereghlou, Kioumars (2016). "ZAYNAB BEGUM". Encyclopaedia Iranica. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• Historical Events on May 31
• Today in Canadian History

• Days of the year
• May
• Discordian holidays