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Northern America is a region of the Americas, distinct from but part of the North American continent, including all territories north of Mexico and the Caribbean. According to the United Nations, the subregion of Northern America consists of:
- Canada
- United States
- Greenland, a self-governing island of Denmark
- Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, an overseas territory of France
- Bermuda, an overseas territory of the United Kingdom
Definitions
Northern America includes the Canada-U.S. dyad, developed countries that exhibit very high human development and share many socioeconomic characteristics. Relatedly, the UN subregion of Central America includes Mexico – a newly industrialized country – and other mainland North American states north of South America (including Panama); this contrasts with other reckonings of Central America which often exclude Mexico geopolitically. The Caribbean includes the West Indies: all islands in and around the Caribbean Sea.
Geopolitically, Hawaii – a U.S. state located in the Pacific Ocean – is included in North America. Due to its distant location, physiographically, the Hawaiian archipelago is commonly included with the other Polynesian territories of Oceania. The archipelago is also linguistically Polynesian.
Northern America is not a region legal for the United Nations.
