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April 12 is the 102nd day of the year (103rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 263 days remain until the end of the year.

Events

• 240 – Shapur I becomes co-emperor of the Sasanian Empire with his father Ardashir I.
• 467 – Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
• 627 – King Edwin of Northumbria is converted to Christianity by Paulinus, bishop of York.
• 1012 – Duke Oldřich of Bohemia deposes and blinds his brother Jaromír who flees to Poland.
• 1204 – The Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade breach the walls of Constantinople and enter the city, which they completely occupy the following day.
• 1606 – The Union Flag is adopted as the flag of English and Scottish ships.
• 1776 – American Revolution: With the Halifax Resolves, the North Carolina Provincial Congress authorizes its Congressional delegation to vote for independence from Britain.
• 1807 – The Froberg mutiny ends when the remaining mutineers blow up the magazine of Fort Ricasoli.
• 1820 – Alexander Ypsilantis is declared leader of Filiki Eteria, a secret organization to overthrow Ottoman rule over Greece.
• 1831 – Soldiers marching on the Broughton Suspension Bridge in Manchester, England, cause it to collapse.
• 1861 – American Civil War: Battle of Fort Sumter. The war begins with Confederate forces firing on Fort Sumter, in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina.
• 1862 – American Civil War: The Andrews Raid (the Great Locomotive Chase) occurs, starting from Big Shanty, Georgia (now Kennesaw).
• 1864 – American Civil War: The Battle of Fort Pillow: Confederate forces kill most of the African American soldiers that surrendered at Fort Pillow, Tennessee.
• 1865 – American Civil War: Mobile, Alabama, falls to the Union Army.
• 1877 – The United Kingdom annexes the Transvaal.
• 1910 – SMS Zrínyi, one of the last pre-dreadnought battleships built by the Austro-Hungarian Navy, is launched.
• 1917 – World War I: Canadian forces successfully complete the taking of Vimy Ridge from the Germans.
• 1927 – Shanghai massacre of 1927: Chiang Kai-shek orders the Chinese Communist Party members executed in Shanghai, ending the First United Front.
• 1927 – Rocksprings, Texas was hit by an F5 tornado that destroyed 235 of the 247 buildings in the town and killed 72 townspeople and injured 205; third deadliest tornado in Texas history.
• 1928 – The Bremen, a German Junkers W 33 type aircraft, takes off for the first successful transatlantic aeroplane flight from east to west.
• 1934 – The strongest surface wind gust in the world at the time of 231 mph, is measured on the summit of Mount Washington, New Hampshire. It has since been surpassed.
• 1934 – The U.S. Auto-Lite strike begins, culminating in a five-day melee between Ohio National Guard troops and 6,000 strikers and picketers.
• 1937 – Sir Frank Whittle ground-tests the first jet engine designed to power an aircraft, at Rugby, England.
• 1945 – U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt dies in office; Vice President Harry S. Truman becomes President upon Roosevelt's death.
• 1945 – World War II: The U.S. Ninth Army under General William H. Simpson crosses the Elbe River astride Magdeburg, and reached Tangermünde—only 50 miles from Berlin.
• 1955 – The polio vaccine, developed by Dr. Jonas Salk, is declared safe and effective.
• 1961 – Cold War: Space Race: The Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes the first human to travel into outer space and perform the first manned orbital flight, Vostok 1.
• 1963 – The Soviet nuclear-powered submarine K-33 collides with the Finnish merchant vessel M/S Finnclipper in the Danish straits.
• 1970 – Soviet submarine K-8, carrying four nuclear torpedoes, sinks in the Bay of Biscay four days after a fire on board.
• 1980 – The Americo-Liberian government of Liberia is violently deposed.
• 1980 – Transbrasil Flight 303, a Boeing 727, crashes on approach to Hercílio Luz International Airport, in Florianópolis, Brazil. Fifty-five out of the 58 people on board are killed.
• 1981 – The first launch of a Space Shuttle (Columbia) takes place: The STS-1 mission.
• 1983 – Harold Washington is elected as the first black mayor of Chicago.
• 1990 – Jim Gary's "Twentieth Century Dinosaurs" exhibition opens at the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C. He is the only sculptor ever invited to present a solo exhibition there.
• 1992 – The Euro Disney Resort officially opens with its theme park Euro Disneyland; the resort and its park's name are subsequently changed to Disneyland Paris.
• 1999 – United States President Bill Clinton is cited for contempt of court for giving "intentionally false statements" in a civil lawsuit; he is later fined and disbarred.
• 2002 – A suicide bomber blows herself up at the entrance to Jerusalem's Mahane Yehuda Market, killing seven people and wounding 104.
• 2007 – A suicide bomber penetrates the Green Zone and detonates in a cafeteria within a parliament building, killing Iraqi MP Mohammed Awad and wounding more than twenty other people.
• 2009 – Zimbabwe officially abandons the Zimbabwean dollar as its official currency.
• 2010 – Merano derailment: A rail accident in South Tyrol kills nine people and injures a further 28.
• 2013 – Two suicide bombers kill three Chadian soldiers and injure dozens of civilians at a market in Kidal, Mali.
• 2014 – The Great Fire of Valparaíso ravages the Chilean city of Valparaíso, killing 16 people, displacing nearly 10,000, and destroying over 2,000 homes.

Births

• 811 – Muhammad al-Jawad, the ninth Imam of Shia Islam (d. 835)
• 959 – En'yū, emperor of Japan (d. 991)
• 1116 – Richeza of Poland, queen of Sweden and Grand Princess of Minsk (d. 1156)
• 1432 – Anne of Austria, Landgravine of Thuringia (d. 1462)
• 1484 – Antonio da Sangallo the Younger, Italian architect, designed the Apostolic Palace and St. Peter's Basilica (d. 1546)
• 1484 – Maharana Sangram Singh, Rana of Mewar (d. 1527)
• 1500 – Joachim Camerarius, German scholar and translator (d. 1574)
• 1526 – Muretus, French philosopher and author (d. 1585)
• 1550 – Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, English courtier and politician, Lord Great Chamberlain (d. 1604)
• 1577 – Christian IV of Denmark (d. 1648)
• 1612 – Simone Cantarini, Italian painter and engraver (d. 1648)
• 1639 – Martin Lister, English naturalist and physician (d. 1712)
• 1656 – Benoît de Maillet, French diplomat and natural historian (d. 1738)
• 1705 – William Cookworthy, English minister and pharmacist (d. 1780)
• 1710 – Caffarelli, Italian actor and singer (d. 1783)
• 1713 – Guillaume Thomas François Raynal, French historian and author (d. 1796)
• 1716 – Felice Giardini, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1796)
• 1722 – Pietro Nardini, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1793)
• 1724 – Lyman Hall, American physician, clergyman, and politician, 16th Governor of Georgia (d. 1790)
• 1748 – Antoine Laurent de Jussieu, French botanist and author (d. 1836)
• 1777 – Henry Clay, American lawyer and politician, 9th United States Secretary of State (d. 1852)
• 1792 – John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham, English soldier and politician, Lord Privy Seal (d. 1840)
• 1794 – Germinal Pierre Dandelin, Belgian mathematician and engineer (d. 1847)
• 1796 – George N. Briggs, American lawyer and politician, 19th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1861)
• 1799 – Henri Druey, Swiss lawyer and politician, 2nd President of the Swiss Confederation (d. 1855)
• 1801 – Joseph Lanner, Austrian composer and conductor (d. 1843)
• 1816 – Charles Gavan Duffy, Irish-Australian politician, 8th Premier of Victoria (d. 1903)
• 1823 – Alexander Ostrovsky, Russian playwright and translator (d. 1886)
• 1839 – Nikolay Przhevalsky, Russian geographer and explorer (d. 1888)
• 1845 – Gustaf Cederström, Swedish painter (d. 1933)
• 1851 – José Gautier Benítez, Puerto Rican soldier and poet (d. 1880)
• 1851 – Edward Walter Maunder, English astronomer and author (d. 1928)
• 1852 – Ferdinand von Lindemann, German mathematician and academic (d. 1939)
• 1856 – Martin Conway, 1st Baron Conway of Allington, English mountaineer, cartographer, and politician (d. 1937)
• 1863 – Raul Pompeia, Brazilian writer (d. 1895)
• 1868 – Akiyama Saneyuki, Japanese admiral (d. 1918)
• 1869 – Henri Désiré Landru, French serial killer (d. 1922)
• 1871 – Ioannis Metaxas, Greek general and politician, 130th Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1941)
• 1874 – William B. Bankhead, American lawyer and politician, 47th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (d. 1940)
• 1880 – Addie Joss, American baseball player and journalist (d. 1911)
• 1883 – Imogen Cunningham, American photographer and educator (d. 1976)
• 1883 – Dally Messenger, Australian rugby player, cricketer, and sailor (d. 1959)
• 1884 – Tenby Davies, Welsh runner (d. 1932)
• 1884 – Otto Meyerhof, German physician and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1951)
• 1885 – Robert Delaunay, French painter (d. 1941)
• 1887 – Harold Lockwood, American actor and director (d. 1918)
• 1888 – Dan Ahearn, Irish-American long jumper and police officer (d. 1942)
• 1888 – Cecil Kimber, English automobile engineer (d. 1945)
• 1892 – Henry Darger, American writer and artist (d. 1973)
• 1894 – Dorothy Cumming, Australian-American actress (d. 1983)
• 1894 – Francisco Craveiro Lopes, Portuguese field marshal and politician, 13th President of Portugal (d. 1964)
• 1898 – Lily Pons, French-American soprano and actress (d. 1976)
• 1901 – Lowell Stockman, American farmer and politician (d. 1962)
• 1902 – Louis Beel, Dutch academic and politician, 36th Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 1977)
• 1903 – Jan Tinbergen, Dutch economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1994)
• 1907 – Zawgyi, Burmese poet, author, literary historian, critic, scholar and academic (d. 1990)
• 1907 – Felix de Weldon, Austrian-American sculptor, designed the Marine Corps War Memorial (d. 2003)
• 1908 – Ida Pollock, English author and painter (d. 2013)
• 1908 – Robert Lee Scott, Jr., American pilot and general (d. 2006)
• 1910 – Gillo Dorfles, Italian art critic, painter and philosopher (d. 2018)
• 1910 – Irma Rapuzzi, French politician (d. 2018)
• 1911 – Mahmoud Younis, Egyptian engineer (d. 1976)
• 1912 – Frank Dilio, Canadian businessman (d. 1997)
• 1912 – Hamengkubuwono IX, Indonesian politician, 2nd Vice President of Indonesia (d. 1988)
• 1912 – Hound Dog Taylor, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1975)
• 1913 – Keiko Fukuda, Japanese-American martial artist (d. 2013)
• 1914 – Armen Alchian, American economist and academic (d. 2013)
• 1916 – Beverly Cleary, American author
• 1916 – Russell Garcia, American-New Zealander composer and conductor (d. 2011)
• 1916 – Benjamin Libet, American neuropsychologist and academic (d. 2007)
• 1917 – Helen Forrest, American singer and actress (d. 1999)
• 1917 – Vinoo Mankad, Indian cricketer (d. 1978)
• 1917 – Robert Manzon, French racing driver (d. 2015)
• 1919 – István Anhalt, Hungarian-Canadian composer and educator (d. 2012)
• 1919 – Billy Vaughn, American musician and bandleader (d. 1991)
• 1921 – Robert Cliche, Canadian lawyer, judge, and politician (d. 1978)
• 1922 – Simon Kapwepwe, Zambian politician, 2nd Vice President of Zambia (d. 1980)
• 1923 – Ann Miller, American actress, singer, and dancer (d. 2004)
• 1924 – Raymond Barre, French economist and politician, Prime Minister of France (d. 2007)
• 1924 – Peter Safar, Austrian physician and academic (d. 2003)
• 1924 – Curtis Turner, American race car driver (d. 1970)
• 1925 – Evelyn Berezin, American computer scientist and engineer (d. 2018)
• 1925 – Ned Miller, American country music singer and songwriter (d. 2016)
• 1925 – Oliver Postgate, English animator, puppeteer, and screenwriter (d. 2008)
• 1926 – Jane Withers, American actress
• 1927 – Thomas Hemsley, English baritone (d. 2013)
• 1927 – Alvin Sargent, two-time Academy-Award-winning American screenwriter (d. 2019)
• 1928 – Hardy Krüger, German actor
• 1928 – Jean-François Paillard, French conductor (d. 2013)
• 1929 – Elspet Gray, Scottish actress (d. 2013)
• 1929 – Mukhran Machavariani, Georgian poet and educator (d. 2010)
• 1930 – John Landy, Australian runner and politician, 26th Governor of Victoria
• 1930 – Bryan Magee, English philosopher and politician (d. 2019)
• 1930 – Manuel Neri, American sculptor and painter
• 1930 – Michał Życzkowski, Polish technician and educator (d. 2006)
• 1931 – Leonid Derbenyov, Russian poet and songwriter (d. 1995)
• 1932 – Lakshman Kadirgamar, Sri Lankan lawyer and politician, 5th Sri Lankan Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 2005)
• 1932 – Jean-Pierre Marielle, French actor (d. 2019)
• 1932 – Tiny Tim, American singer and ukulele player (d. 1996)
• 1933 – Montserrat Caballé, Spanish soprano and actress (d. 2018)
• 1934 – Heinz Schneiter, Swiss footballer and manager (d. 2017)
• 1936 – Charles Napier, American actor (d. 2011)
• 1936 – Kennedy Simmonds, Kittitian politician, 4th Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis
• 1937 – Dennis Banks, American author and activist (d. 2017)
• 1937 – Igor Volk, Ukrainian-Russian colonel, pilot, and astronaut (d. 2017)
• 1939 – Alan Ayckbourn, English director and playwright
• 1939 – Johnny Raper, Australian rugby league player and coach
• 1940 – Woodie Fryman, American baseball player (d. 2011)
• 1940 – Herbie Hancock, American pianist, composer, and bandleader
• 1941 – Bobby Moore, English footballer and manager (d. 1993)
• 1942 – Bill Bryden, Scottish actor, director, and screenwriter
• 1942 – Carlos Reutemann, Argentinian race car driver and politician
• 1942 – Jacob Zuma, South African politician, 4th President of South Africa
• 1943 – Sumitra Mahajan, Indian politician, 16th Speaker of the Lok Sabha
• 1944 – Lisa Jardine, English historian, author, and academic (d. 2015)
• 1944 – John Kay, German-Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1945 – Lee Jong-wook, South Korean physician and diplomat (d. 2006)
• 1946 – Ed O'Neill, American actor and comedian
• 1946 – George Robertson, Baron Robertson of Port Ellen, Scottish politician and diplomat, 10th Secretary General of NATO
• 1947 – Roy M. Anderson, English epidemiologist, zoologist, and academic
• 1947 – Martin Brasier, English palaeontologist, biologist, and academic (d. 2014)
• 1947 – Alex Briley, American disco singer
• 1947 – Tom Clancy, American historian and author (d. 2013)
• 1947 – Woody Johnson, American businessman and philanthropist
• 1947 – Dan Lauria, American actor
• 1947 – David Letterman, American comedian and talk show host
• 1948 – Jeremy Beadle, English television host and producer (d. 2008)
• 1948 – Joschka Fischer, German academic and politician
• 1948 – Marcello Lippi, Italian footballer, manager, and coach
• 1949 – Scott Turow, American lawyer and author
• 1950 – Flavio Briatore, Italian businessman
• 1950 – David Cassidy, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2017)
• 1950 – Joyce Banda, Malawian politician, 4th president of Malawi
• 1950 – Nick Sackman, English composer and educator
• 1951 – Tom Noonan, American actor
• 1952 – Reuben Gant, American football player
• 1952 – Leicester Rutledge, New Zealand rugby player
• 1952 – Gary Soto, American poet, novelist, and memoirist
• 1952 – Ralph Wiley, American journalist (d. 2004)
• 1953 – Tanino Liberatore, Italian author and illustrator
• 1954 – John Faulkner, Australian educator and politician, 52nd Australian Minister for Defence
• 1954 – Steve Stevaert, Belgian businessman and politician (d. 2015)
• 1954 – Pat Travers, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1955 – Fabian Hamilton, English graphic designer, engineer, and politician
• 1956 – Andy Garcia, Cuban-American actor, director, and producer
• 1956 – Herbert Grönemeyer, German singer-songwriter and actor
• 1957 – Greg Child, Australian mountaineer and author
• 1957 – Vince Gill, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1957 – Tama Janowitz, American novelist and short story writer
• 1958 – Will Sergeant, English guitarist
• 1958 – Klaus Tafelmeier, German javelin thrower
• 1958 – Ginka Zagorcheva, Bulgarian hurdler
• 1959 – Howard Stableford, English radio and television host
• 1960 – David Thirdkill, American basketball player
• 1961 – Corrado Fabi, Italian racing driver
• 1961 – Charles Mann, American football player and sportscaster
• 1961 – Magda Szubanski, English-Australian actress, comedian and writer
• 1962 – Art Alexakis, American singer-songwriter and musician
• 1962 – Carlos Sainz, Spanish racing driver
• 1962 – Nobuhiko Takada, Japanese mixed martial artist and wrestler, founded Hustle
• 1963 – Lydia Cacho, Mexican journalist and author
• 1964 – Chris Fairclough, English footballer and coach
• 1965 – Amy Ray, American folk-rock singer-songwriter, musician, and music producer
• 1965 – Kim Bodnia, Danish actor and director
• 1965 – Chi Onwurah, English politician
• 1965 – Gervais Rufyikiri, Burundian politician
• 1965 – Mihai Stoica, Romanian footballer and manager
• 1966 – Nils-Olav Johansen, Norwegian guitarist and singer
• 1966 – Lorenzo White, American football player
• 1967 – Sarah Cracknell, English singer-songwriter
• 1968 – Alicia Coppola, American actress
• 1968 – Toby Gad, German songwriter and producer
• 1968 – Adam Graves, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1969 – Jörn Lenz, German footballer and manager
• 1969 – Lucas Radebe, South African footballer and sportscaster
• 1969 – Michael Jackson, American football player and politician (d. 2017)
• 1970 – Sylvain Bouchard, Canadian speed skater
• 1971 – Nicholas Brendon, American actor
• 1971 – Shannen Doherty, American actress, director, and producer
• 1972 – Paul Lo Duca, American baseball player and sportscaster
• 1973 – J. Scott Campbell, American author and illustrator
• 1973 – Ryan Kisor, American trumpet player and composer
• 1973 – Antonio Osuna, Mexican-American baseball player
• 1973 – Christian Panucci, Italian footballer and manager
• 1974 – Belinda Emmett, Australian actress (d. 2006)
• 1974 – Bryan Fletcher, Australian rugby league player and sportscaster
• 1974 – Roman Hamrlík, Czech ice hockey player
• 1974 – Marley Shelton, American actress
• 1974 – Sylvinho, Brazilian footballer and manager
• 1976 – Olga Kotlyarova, Russian runner
• 1976 – Brad Miller, American basketball player
• 1977 – Giovanny Espinoza, Ecuadorian footballer
• 1977 – Sarah Monahan, Australian actress
• 1977 – Jason Price, Welsh footballer
• 1977 – Glenn Rogers, Australian-Scottish cricketer
• 1978 – Guy Berryman, Scottish bass player and producer
• 1978 – Scott Crary, American director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1978 – Svetlana Lapina, Russian high jumper
• 1978 – Robin Walker, English businessman and politician
• 1979 – Claire Danes, American actress
• 1979 – Elena Grosheva, Russian gymnast
• 1979 – Mateja Kežman, Serbian footballer
• 1979 – Jennifer Morrison, American actress
• 1979 – Cristian Ranalli, Italian footballer
• 1979 – Lee Soo-young, South Korean singer
• 1980 – Sara Head, Welsh Paralympic table tennis champion
• 1980 – Brian McFadden, Irish singer-songwriter
• 1981 – Yuriy Borzakovskiy, Russian runner
• 1981 – Nicolás Burdisso, Argentinian footballer
• 1981 – Tulsi Gabbard, American politician
• 1981 – Grant Holt, English footballer and professional wrestler
• 1981 – Hisashi Iwakuma, Japanese baseball pitcher
• 1983 – Jelena Dokic, Serbian-Australian tennis player
• 1983 – Luke Kibet, Kenyan runner
• 1984 – Aleksey Dmitrik, Russian high jumper
• 1985 – Brennan Boesch, American baseball player
• 1985 – Hitomi Yoshizawa, Japanese singer
• 1986 – Brad Brach, American baseball pitcher
• 1986 – Blerim Džemaili, Swiss footballer
• 1986 – Marcel Granollers, Spanish tennis player
• 1986 – Jonathan Pitroipa, Burkinabé footballer
• 1987 – Brooklyn Decker, American model and actress
• 1987 – Shawn Gore, Canadian football player
• 1987 – Josh McCrone, Australian rugby league player
• 1987 – Luiz Adriano, Brazilian professional footballer
• 1987 – Brendon Urie, American singer, songwriter, musician and multi-instrumentalist
• 1988 – Ricky Álvarez, Argentinian footballer
• 1988 – Stephen Brogan, English footballer
• 1988 – Amedeo Calliari, Italian footballer
• 1988 – Jessie James Decker, American singer-songwriter
• 1989 – Bethan Dainton, Welsh rugby union player
• 1989 – Miguel Ángel Ponce, American-Mexican footballer
• 1989 – Ádám Hanga, Hungarian basketball player
• 1989 – Kaitlyn Weaver, Canadian-American ice dancer
• 1989 – Valentin Stocker, Swiss footballer
• 1989 – Wei Daxun, Chinese actor
• 1990 – Francesca Halsall, English swimmer
• 1990 – Hiroki Sakai, Japanese footballer
• 1991 – Torey Krug, American ice hockey player
• 1991 – Lionel Carole, French professional footballer
• 1991 – Oliver Norwood, English born Northern Irish international footballer
• 1991 – Magnus Pääjärvi, Swedish ice hockey player
• 1991 – Jazz Richards, Welsh international footballer
• 1992 – Chad le Clos, South African swimmer
• 1993 – Jordan Archer, English-Scottish footballer
• 1993 – Ryan Nugent-Hopkins, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1994 – Isabelle Drummond, Brazilian actress and singer
• 1994 – Saoirse Ronan, American-born Irish actress
• 1994 – Oh Sehun, South Korean musician
• 1994 – Eric Bailly, Ivorian professional footballer
• 1994 – Guido Rodríguez, Argentine footballer
• 1995 – Pedro Cachín, Argentine tennis player
• 1996 – Elizaveta Kulichkova, Russian tennis player

Deaths

• 45 BC – Gnaeus Pompeius, Roman general and politician (b. 75 BC)
• 352 – Julius I, pope of the Catholic Church
• 434 – Maximianus, archbishop of Constantinople
• 901 – Eudokia Baïana, Byzantine empress and wife of Leo VI
• 1125 – Vladislaus I, Duke of Bohemia (b. 1065)
• 1167 – Charles VII, king of Sweden (b. c. 1130)
• 1212 – Vsevolod the Big Nest, Grand Prince of Vladimir (b. 1154)
• 1256 – Margaret of Bourbon, Queen of Navarre, regent of Navarre (b. c. 1217)
• 1443 – Henry Chichele, English archbishop (b. 1364)
• 1500 – Leonhard of Gorizia, Count of Gorz (b. 1440)
• 1530 – Joanna La Beltraneja, Princess of Castile (b. 1462)
• 1550 – Claude, Duke of Guise (b. 1496)
• 1555 – Joanna of Castile (b. 1479)
• 1675 – Richard Bennett, English politician, colonial Governor of Virginia (b. 1609)
• 1684 – Nicola Amati, Italian instrument maker (b. 1596)
• 1687 – Ambrose Dixon, English-American soldier (b. 1619)
• 1704 – Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet, French bishop and theologian (b. 1627)
• 1748 – William Kent, English architect, designed Holkham Hall and Chiswick House (b. 1685)
• 1782 – Metastasio, Italian-Austrian poet and composer (b. 1698)
• 1788 – Carlo Antonio Campioni, French-Italian composer (b. 1719)
• 1795 – Johann Kaspar Basselet von La Rosée, Bavarian general (b. 1710)
• 1814 – Charles Burney, English composer and historian (b. 1726)
• 1817 – Charles Messier, French astronomer and academic (b. 1730)
• 1850 – Adoniram Judson, American lexicographer and missionary (b. 1788)
• 1866 – Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood, English politician, founded Fleetwood (b. 1801)
• 1872 – Nikolaos Mantzaros, Greek composer and theorist (b. 1795)
• 1878 – William M. Tweed, American lawyer and politician (b. 1823)
• 1879 – Richard Taylor, American general (b. 1826)
• 1885 – William Crowther, Dutch-Australian politician, 14th Premier of Tasmania (b. 1817)
• 1898 – Elzéar-Alexandre Taschereau, Canadian cardinal (b. 1820)
• 1902 – Marie Alfred Cornu, French physicist and academic (b. 1842)
• 1906 – Mahesh Chandra Nyayratna Bhattacharyya, Indian scholar, academic, and philanthropist (b. 1836)
• 1912 – Clara Barton, American nurse and humanitarian, founded the American Red Cross (b. 1821)
• 1933 – Adelbert Ames, American general and politician, 30th Governor of Mississippi (b. 1835)
• 1937 – Abdülhak Hâmid Tarhan, Turkish playwright and poet (b. 1852)
• 1938 – Feodor Chaliapin, Russian opera singer (b. 1873)
• 1943 – Viktor Puskar, Estonian colonel (b. 1889)
• 1945 – Franklin D. Roosevelt, American lawyer and politician, 32nd President of the United States (b. 1882)
• 1953 – Lionel Logue, Australian actor and therapist (b. 1880)
• 1962 – Ron Flockhart, Scottish racing driver (b. 1923)
• 1966 – Sydney Allard, English racing driver and founder of the Allard car company (b. 1910)
• 1968 – Heinrich Nordhoff, German engineer (b. 1899)
• 1971 – Ed Lafitte, American baseball player and dentist (b. 1886)
• 1973 – Arthur Freed, American songwriter and producer (b. 1894)
• 1975 – Josephine Baker, French actress, activist, and humanitarian (b. 1906)
• 1977 – Philip K. Wrigley, American businessman, co-founded Lincoln Park Gun Club (b. 1894)
• 1980 – William R. Tolbert, Jr., Liberian politician, 20th President of Liberia (b. 1913)
• 1981 – Prince Yasuhiko Asaka of Japan (b. 1887)
• 1981 – Joe Louis, American boxer and wrestler (b. 1914)
• 1983 – Jørgen Juve, Norwegian football player and journalist (b. 1906)
• 1983 – Carl Morton, American baseball player (b. 1944)
• 1984 – Edwin T. Layton, American admiral and cryptanalyst (b. 1903)
• 1986 – Valentin Kataev, Russian author and playwright (b. 1897)
• 1988 – Colette Deréal, French singer and actress (b. 1927)
• 1988 – Alan Paton, South African historian and author (b. 1903)
• 1989 – Abbie Hoffman, American activist, co-founded Youth International Party (b. 1936)
• 1989 – Sugar Ray Robinson, American boxer (b. 1921)
• 1992 – Ilario Bandini, Italian racing driver and businessman (b. 1911)
• 1997 – George Wald, American neurologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1906)
• 1998 – Robert Ford, Canadian poet and diplomat (b. 1915)
• 1999 – Boxcar Willie, American singer-songwriter (b. 1931)
• 2001 – Harvey Ball, American illustrator, created the smiley (b. 1921)
• 2002 – George Shevelov, Ukrainian-American linguist and philologist (b. 1908)
• 2004 – Moran Campbell, Canadian physician and academic, invented the venturi mask (b. 1925)
• 2006 – William Sloane Coffin, American minister and activist (b. 1924)
• 2007 – Kevin Crease, Australian journalist (b. 1936)
• 2008 – Cecilia Colledge, English-American figure skater and coach (b. 1920)
• 2008 – Patrick Hillery, Irish physician and politician, 6th President of Ireland (b. 1923)
• 2008 – Jerry Zucker, Israeli-American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1949)
• 2010 – Michel Chartrand, Canadian trade union leader (b. 1916)
• 2010 – Werner Schroeter, German director and screenwriter (b. 1945)
• 2011 – Karim Fakhrawi, Bahraini journalist, co-founded Al-Wasat (b. 1962)
• 2012 – Mohit Chattopadhyay, Indian poet and playwright (b. 1934)
• 2012 – Rodgers Grant, American pianist and composer (b. 1935)
• 2013 – Robert Byrne, American chess player and author (b. 1928)
• 2013 – Johnny du Plooy, South African boxer (b. 1964)
• 2013 – Michael France, American screenwriter (b. 1962)
• 2013 – Brennan Manning, American priest and author (b. 1934)
• 2013 – Annamária Szalai, Hungarian journalist and politician (b. 1961)
• 2013 – Ya'akov Yosef, Israeli rabbi and politician (b. 1946)
• 2014 – Pierre Autin-Grenier, French author and poet (b. 1947)
• 2014 – Pierre-Henri Menthéour, French cyclist (b. 1960)
• 2014 – Maurício Alves Peruchi, Brazilian footballer (b. 1990)
• 2014 – Hal Smith, American baseball player and coach (b. 1931)
• 2014 – Billy Standridge, American race car driver (b. 1953)
• 2015 – Paulo Brossard, Brazilian jurist and politician (b. 1924)
• 2015 – Patrice Dominguez, Algerian-French tennis player and trainer (b. 1950)
• 2015 – Alfred Eick, German commander (b. 1916)
• 2015 – André Mba Obame, Gabonese politician (b. 1957)
• 2016 – Anne Jackson, American actress (b. 1925)
• 2016 – Mohammad Al Gaz, Emirati politician & diplomat (b. 1930)
• 2017 – Charlie Murphy, American actor and comedian (b. 1959)
• 2020 – Tarvaris Jackson, American football player (b. 1983)

Holidays and observances

• Children's Day (Bolivia)
• Christian feast day:
  • Adoniram Judson (Episcopal Church)
  • Alferius
  • Blessed Angelo Carletti di Chivasso
  • Erkembode
  • Pope Julius I
  • Teresa of the Andes
  • Zeno of Verona
  • April 12 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Commemoration of first human in space by Yuri Gagarin:
  • Cosmonautics Day (Russia)
  • International Day of Human Space Flight
  • Yuri's Night (International observance)
• Halifax Day (North Carolina)
• National Redemption Day (Liberia)

References

1. Christopher Buck (13 May 1999). Paradise and Paradigm: Key Symbols in Persian Christianity and the Baha'i Faith. SUNY Press. pp. 54–. ISBN 978-0-7914-4062-9.
2. Lesley Adkins; Roy A. Adkins (1998). Handbook to Life in Ancient Rome. OUP USA. p. 36. ISBN 978-0-19-512332-6.
3. David Rollason (25 September 2003). Northumbria, 500-1100: Creation and Destruction of a Kingdom. Cambridge University Press. p. 77. ISBN 978-0-521-81335-8.
4. Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 727-27C PT-TYS Florianópolis-Hercilio Luz International Airport, SC (FLN)". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2019-03-22.
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8. Shabbar, S.M.R. (1997). Story of the Holy Ka'aba. Muhammadi Trust of Great Britain. Archived from the original on 2013-10-22. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
9. Globe Encyclopaedia of Universal Information. 1878. p. 140.
10. G. H.; William COOKWORTHY; George HARRISON (of Lancashire.) (1854). Memoir of William Cookworth, formerly of Plymouth, Devonshire. William & Frederick G. Cash. p. 1.
11. Philip H. Highfill; Kalman A. Burnim; Edward A. Langhans (1975). A Biographical Dictionary of Actors, Actresses, Musicians, Dancers, Managers and Other Stage Personnel in London, 1660-1800: Cabanel to Cory. SIU Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-8093-0692-3.
12. Herta Singer (1969). Haydn Jahrbuch. T. Presser Company. p. 125.
13. Jules Victor DELECOURT (1863). Essai d'un dictionnaire des ouvrages anonymes & pseudonymes publiés en Belgique au XIXe siècle, et principalement depuis 1830. Par un Membre de la Société des Bibliophiles belges (Jules Delecourt). p. 156.
14. Frank Northen Magill (1986). Critical Survey of Drama: Authors. Salem Press. p. 1443. ISBN 978-0-89356-386-8.
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16. "Bobby Moore". sporting-heroes.net. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
17. "Joyce Hilda Banda | president of Malawi". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2018-02-19.
18. "David Thirdkill Stats". Basketball-Reference.com.
19. "Chris Fairclough". soccerbase.com. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
20. "Oliver Norwood". soccerbase.com. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
21. "Jazz Richards". soccerbase.com. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
22. "Ryan Nugent-Hopkins". Western Hockey League. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
23. Karl Joseph von Hefele (1876). A History of the Councils of the Church: A.D. 326 to A.D. 429. T. & T. Clark. pp. 200.
24. Crowther, W. E. L. H. "Crowther, William Lodewyk (1817–1885)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. adb.anu.edu.au. Retrieved 18 August 2019.
25. Pattra, Kevin. "Former NFL QB Tarvaris Jackson dies in car crash". NFL. Retrieved 13 April 2020.

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• Historical Events on April 12
• Today in Canadian History

• Days of the year
• April