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Latest revision as of 19:01, 25 December 2024 view sourceGehirnstein (talk | contribs)435 editsNo edit summaryTags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit		Latest revision as of 21:20, 12 December 2024 edit RowanJ LP (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers2,212 editsNo edit summary
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	{{#invoke:Infobox military conflict|main		{{#invoke:Infobox military conflict|main
	|conflict=Syrian civil war		|conflict=Syrian civil war
			|image=]<br />]
	|partof= the ], ], ], ], spillover of the ], ], ], ], ], and the ]/]/]
			| image_size =
	|image=Syrian Civil War map (ISW-CTP).svg
			|caption='''Top:''' A ruined neighborhood in Raqqa in 2017.<br />'''Bottom: Military situation as of 9 September 2021:'''<br/>
	|image_size=320px
			{{legend0|#ECB4B4|] (])}}
	|caption= Military situation as of December 24, 2024 at 2:00pm ET<hr>''']:'''
			{{legend0|#F5B678|] & ] (] & ])}}
	{{Leftlegend|#FFFFFF|border=1px solid black|]{{efn|Formed in January 2017 as a merger between ] (a faction of ]), ], ], ] (successor of Al-Nusra Front) and ]}} and ]}}
	{{Leftlegend|#FFFFB8|] from the ]}}		{{legend0|#E4DA76|] (])}}
			{{legend0|#CBE8C5|] (]) & ]}}
	<hr>''']:'''
			{{legend0|#FFFFFF|border=1px solid black|] (]{{efn|Formed in January 2017 as a merger between ], ], ] (successor of Al-Nusra Front), ] and elements of ]}})}}
	{{Leftlegend|#E4DA76|] and ]}}<hr>''']:'''
	{{Leftlegend|#CBE8C5|] and ]}}<hr>'''Other former rebel forces:'''		{{legend0|#97E2C9|] & ]}}
			{{legend0|#B582AF|] in ]}}
	{{Leftlegend|#FF8BFF|]}}
			{{legend0|#b4b2ae|]}}<br/>''(],'' '']'')
	{{Leftlegend|#75D6B7|]}}
			|partof= the ], the spillover of the ], ], ], ], ], ] and the ]
	{{Leftlegend|#B3EAFB|] and ]}}
			|date={{Start date|df=yes|2011|07|29}} – present<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=06|day1=29|year1=2011}})
	<hr>'''Others:'''
	{{Leftlegend|#D6630D|]}}
	{{Leftlegend|#858ACC|]{{efn| The ] is shown in light grey. The Golan Heights has been under de facto Israeli control ]. Israeli sovereignty was ] in 2019, but is not recognized by the ] except the ].<ref>{{cite news | title= Golan Heights: Trump signs order recognising occupied area as Israeli | url= https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-47697717 | publisher= BBC News | date= 25 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title= The Golan Heights: What’s at Stake With Trump’s Recognition | publisher= Council on Foreign Relations | url= https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/golan-heights-whats-stake-trumps-recognition | work= www.cfr.org | date= 28 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref> }} }}
	{{Leftlegend|#e1e1e1|Uncertain/mixed}}
	{{clear}}''(],'' ''])''
	|date={{Start date|df=yes|2011|03|15}}{{efn|Attributed to multiple sources:<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-15 |title=Syrian Civil War Enters 10th Year |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/middle-east_syrian-civil-war-enters-10th-year/6185835.html |agency= RFE/RL |website=Voice of America |language=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403022159/https://www.voanews.com/a/middle-east_syrian-civil-war-enters-10th-year/6185835.html |archive-date= Apr 3, 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-15 |title=Syria: Grim 10-year anniversary of ‘unimaginable violence and indignities’ |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2021/03/1087402 |website=UN News |language=en |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240313112716/https://news.un.org/en/story/2021/03/1087402 |archive-date= Mar 13, 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sherlock |first=Ruth |last2=Neuman |first2=Scott |last3=Homsi |first3=Nada |date=March 15, 2021 |title=Syria's Civil War Started A Decade Ago. Here's Where It Stands |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/03/15/976352794/syrias-civil-war-started-a-decade-ago-heres-where-it-stands |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418003900/https://www.npr.org/2021/03/15/976352794/syrias-civil-war-started-a-decade-ago-heres-where-it-stands |archive-date=Apr 18, 2024 |website=NPR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ozcan |first=Ethem Emre |date=March 14, 2021 |title=10 years since start of Syrian civil war |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/10-years-since-start-of-syrian-civil-war/2175768 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126173716/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/10-years-since-start-of-syrian-civil-war/2175768 |archive-date=Nov 26, 2023 |website=Anadolu Ajansı}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Romey |first=Kristin |date=March 9, 2022 |others=Photographs by Keo, William |title=11 years into Syria's civil war, this is what everyday life looks like |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/11-years-into-civil-war-what-syrian-life-looks-like |url-access=registration |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.is/Bzw9d |archive-date=9 Mar 2022 |website=National Geographic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Twelve years on from the beginning of Syria’s war |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/15/twelve-years-on-from-the-beginning-of-syrias-war |date=15 Mar 2023 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240703160743/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/15/twelve-years-on-from-the-beginning-of-syrias-war |archive-date= Jul 3, 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-15 |title=Syrians mark 12 years of civil war with no end in sight |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/syrians-mark-12-years-of-civil-war-with-no-end-in-sight |first1=Amna |last1=Nawaz |first2=Zeba |last2=Warsi |first3=Teresa |last3=Cebrián Aranda |website=PBS News |language=en-us |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620114309/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/syrians-mark-12-years-of-civil-war-with-no-end-in-sight |archive-date= Jun 20, 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-03-15 |title=Why has the Syrian war lasted 12 years? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-35806229 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240704190001/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-35806229 |archive-date= Jul 4, 2024 }}</ref>}} – present{{Efn|With Ba'athist regime prevailing, the hostilities were mostly put on hold between ] and ], when the Syrian opposition launched a campaign of quick successful military offensives in Northwestern Syria, ] on 8 December. Further fate of the ongoing conflict remains uncertain.}}<br>({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=3|day1=15|year1=2011}})
	|place=] (with ] in neighboring countries)		|place=] (with ] in neighboring countries)
	| status = ]{{blist|		|status=]
			|territory=As of 31 March 2020: the ] held 63.57% of Syrian territories; ] 25.57%; rebel groups (incl. ]) & ] 9.72%; ] 1.14%<ref></ref>
	| ] is ]
	| Rebels capture most of Syria and establish ]
			|combatants_header=]
	| Israel ] the ] ] and the neighboring Syrian towns
	| The ] launches ] on ] forces in ]
			|combatant1=<div style="width:100px;vertical-align:sup;">{{nowrap|{{flagdeco|Syria|size=22px}} ''']'''}}<br /></div>'''{{flag|Iran|size=22px}}'''<br />{{nowrap|'''{{flag|Russia|size=22px}}'''<br />(2015–present)}}<br />{{flag|Hezbollah|size=22px}}<!-- DO NOT ADD EGYPT HERE CITING ANADOLU AGENCY. -->
			{{Collapsible list
			| titlestyle=background-color:transparent; text-align:left;
			| title=Support:
			| {{flag|Iraq|size=22px}} {{nowrap|(2017–19){{efn|Iraq's involvement was coordinated with the Syrian gov. & limited to airstrikes against ISIL.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Karadsheh |first1=Jomana |last2=Alkhshali |first2=Hamdi |title=Iraq conducts first airstrikes against ISIS in Syria |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/02/24/middleeast/iraq-conducts-first-airstrikes-against-isis-in-syria/index.html |access-date=8 December 2022 |publisher=CNN |date=24 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Damascus allows Iraq to hit ISIL targets in Syria: State media |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/12/damascus-iraq-hit-isil-targets-syria-state-media-181230172409718.html |access-date=8 December 2022 |publisher=Al Jazeera English |date=30 December 2018}}</ref>}}
			}}}}
			|combatant2=<div style="width:100px;vertical-align:sup;">{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg|size=22px}} ''']'''}} (]){{efn|Since early 2013, the FSA has been decentralized. Its name is arbitrarily used by various ]}}<br/>{{nowrap|'''{{flag|Turkey|size=22px}}'''}} (2016–present){{efn|Turkey provided arms support to rebels since 2011 & fought alongside the ] against SDF, ] and Syrian government since August 2016}}
			{{Collapsible list
			| titlestyle=background-color:transparent; text-align:left;
			| title=Support:<!-- DO NOT ADD COUNTRIES PROVIDING NON-LETHAL SUPPORT. THIS WAS AGREED UPON AT THE TALK PAGE. -->
			| {{flag|Qatar|size=22px}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-qatar-idUSKBN13L0X7|title=Qatar will help Syrian rebels even if Trump ends U.S. role|first=William Maclean, Tom|last=Finn|date=27 November 2016|via=www.reuters.com}}</ref>
			|'''Former support:'''
			| {{flag|France|1974|size=22px}} (2011–18)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.enca.com/hollande-confirms-french-delivery-arms-syrian-rebels|title=Hollande confirms French delivery of arms to Syrian rebels|date=21 August 2014|access-date=25 January 2015|work=AFP}}</ref>
			| {{flag|Libya|size=22px}} (2013)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chivers |first1=C. J. |last2=Schmitt |first2=Eric |last3=Mazzetti |first3=Mark |author-link1=C. J. Chivers |author-link2=Eric P. Schmitt |author-link3=Mark Mazzetti |title=In Turnabout, Syria Rebels Get Libyan Weapons |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/22/world/africa/in-a-turnabout-syria-rebels-get-libyan-weapons.html |work=] |date=June 21, 2013}}</ref>
			| {{flag|Saudi Arabia|size=22px}}<br />(2012–17)<ref name=“saudi”>{{cite news|work=]|quote=Returning from a summit in the Saudi capital last week, opposition leaders say they were told directly by the foreign minister, Adel al-Jubeir, that Riyadh was disengaging.|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/31/victory-for-assad-looks-increasingly-likely-as-world-loses-interest-in-syria|title=Victory for Assad looks increasingly likely as world loses interest in Syria|date=31 August 2017}}</ref>
			| {{flag|United Kingdom|size=22px}}<br />(2011–18)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/09/02/british-troops-halt-training-syrian-rebels-world-powers-distance/|date=2 September 2017|work=]|title=Britain withdraws last of troops training Syrian rebels as world powers distance themselves from opposition}}</ref>
			| {{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg|size=22px}} ]{{efn|name=fn4|Sep.–Nov. 2016: U.S. supported the SNA in Aleppo governorate against IS<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2016/09/16/u-s-special-operations-forces-begin-new-role-alongside-turkish-troops-in-syria/|work=The Washington Post|date=16 September 2016|access-date=16 September 2016|title=U.S. Special Operations forces begin new role alongside Turkish troops in Syria|author=Thomas Gibbons-Neff}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.militarytimes.com/articles/us-halts-military-support-for-turkeys-fight-in-key-islamic-state-town|work=Military Times|title=U.S. halts military support for Turkey's fight in key Islamic State town|author=Andrew Tilghman|date=16 November 2016|access-date=4 January 2017}}</ref> In 2017–18, the U.S. ] 10 times, & in Sep. 2016 it ], killing ≥100 ] soldiers. Syria maintains this as intentional.<ref name=knew>{{cite web |url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-coalition-knew-bombing-syrian-army-deir-ezzor/ |title=US Coalition knew they were bombing the Syrian Army in Deir Ezzor |first=Leith |last=Fadel|date=27 September 2016}}</ref>}}<br />(2011–17)<ref>{{cite web|title=Trump ends CIA arms support for anti-Assad Syria rebels: U.S. officials|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-usa-syria-idUSKBN1A42KC|publisher=]|date=19 July 2017}}</ref>}}
			}}</div>
			----
			<div style="vertical-align:sup;">{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg|size=22px}} ''']'''}} (], 2017–present){{efn|name=fn5| ], one of the predecessor organisations of ] and ] (]); were allied ] branches until April 2013. Al-Nusra Front rejected an ISI-proposed merger into ISIL & al-Qaeda cut all affiliation with ISIL in February 2014. Predecessors of ] (]) & ] (]), were allied under the ] (Mar. 2015 – Jan. 2017).}}{{efn| HTS was formed on 28 January 2017 as a merger between Jabhat Fateh al-Sham, the Ansar al-Din Front, Jaysh al-Sunna, Liwa al-Haqq, and the Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement. HTS describes itself as a new independent ] entity free from the previous factions and distanced itself from Al-Qaeda, disavowing any ties to it:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/02/hayat-tahrir-al-sham-leader-calls-for-unity-in-syrian-insurgency.php|title=Hay'at Tahrir al Sham leader calls for 'unity' in Syrian insurgency|work=Long War Journal|first=Thomas|last=Joscelyn|date=10 February 2017|access-date=11 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216005715/http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/02/hayat-tahrir-al-sham-leader-calls-for-unity-in-syrian-insurgency.php|archive-date=16 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> After coming to power in Idlib, HTS suspended Al-Qaeda activities:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/hts-evolution-jihadist-group|title=HTS: Evolution of a Jihadi Group|work=Long War Journal|first=Christopher|last=Solomon|date=13 July 2022|access-date=11 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808015803/https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/hts-evolution-jihadist-group|archive-date=8 August 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>}}</div>
			<!--Only list notable Islamist groups; use talk page first-->
			|combatant3=<div style="width:120px;vertical-align:sup;">{{nowrap|'''{{flag|Al-Qaeda}}'''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cafarella|first=Jennifer |year=2014 |title=Jabhat al-Nusra in Syria: An Islamic Emirate for Al-Qaeda |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/JN%20Final.pdf |publisher= Institute for the Study of War| journal=Middle East Security Report 25 |pages=8–46 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223070304/https://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/JN%20Final.pdf |archive-date=23 February 2022 |location=Washington, DC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/02/27/middleeast/deputy-al-qaeda-leader-killed/index.html|title=Deputy al Qaeda leader killed In Syria |work=CNN|first=Hamdi, Barbara |last=Alkhshali, Starr|date=28 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006050042/http://edition.cnn.com/2017/02/27/middleeast/deputy-al-qaeda-leader-killed/index.html|archive-date=6 October 2022}}</ref>}}<br/>
			{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Al-Nusra Front.svg}} ] <br/>(2012–2016)}}<br/>
			{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Flag of Jabhat Fatah al-Sham.svg}} ] (2016–2017)}}<br/>
			{{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Flag of Tanzim Hurras al-Din.svg}} ] <br/>(2018–present)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/09/u-s-targets-suspected-al-qaeda-leader-in-idlib-syria.php|title=U.S. targets suspected al Qaeda leader in Idlib, Syria|first=Thomas|last=Joscelyn |date=21 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923042121/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/09/u-s-targets-suspected-al-qaeda-leader-in-idlib-syria.php|archive-date=23 September 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>}}</div>
			{{Collapsible list
			| titlestyle=background-color:transparent; text-align:left;
			| title=Support:
			| {{nowrap|{{flagicon image||size=22px}} ] (2012–2013)}}
	}}		}}
			----
	|combatant1 = {{center|]}}
			<div style="vertical-align:sup;">{{flagicon|ISIL|size=22px}} ''']'''{{efn|name=fn5}}<br />{{nowrap|(2013–present)}}</div>
	|casualties1 = <div class="center">'''Total deaths'''<br>580,000<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 December 2022 |title=Syria |url=https://www.globalr2p.org/countries/syria/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128063728/https://www.globalr2p.org/countries/syria/ |archive-date=28 January 2023 |website=GCR2P}}</ref>–617,910+<ref name="SOHR2024">{{cite news |title=Syrian Revolution 13 years on {{!}} Nearly 618,000 persons killed since the onset of the revolution in March 2011 |url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/328044/ |access-date=15 March 2024 |publisher=Syrian Observatory for Human Rights |date=15 March 2024}}</ref><br>'''Civilian deaths'''<br>219,223–306,887+{{efn|88% of whom were killed by government or Russian forces, according to the ]<ref name="SOHR2024"/>}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2022/06/un-human-rights-office-estimates-more-306000-civilians-were-killed-over-10 |title=UN Human Rights Office estimates more than 306,000 civilians were killed over 10 years in Syria conflict |date=28 June 2022 |publisher=United Nations |access-date=23 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2022-06/A_HRC_50_68_AdvanceUneditedVersion.docx | date= 28 June 2022 | title= Civilian Deaths in the Syrian Arab Republic: Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628112809/https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2022-06/A_HRC_50_68_AdvanceUneditedVersion.docx | archive-date=28 June 2022 |quote= Over the past ten years, civilians have borne the brunt of the conflict, with an estimated 306,887 direct civilian deaths occurring. | publisher=United Nations}}</ref>
	<br>'''Displaced people'''{{Plainlist|
			|combatant4=<div style="width:103px;vertical-align:sup;">{{flagicon image|De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg|size=22px}}''']''' (]) (2012–present)</div>
	*6.7 million ]<br>
			{{Collapsible list
	*6.6 million ] (March 2021)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unhcr.org/syria-emergency.html|title=Syria emergency|publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)}}</ref>
			|title=] ]<br />{{nobold|(2014–present)}}
			|1={{flag|Canada|size=22px}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Operation IMPACT |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/services/operations/military-operations/current-operations/operation-impact.html |website=Government of Canada}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/government-position-fighter-jets-1.3338186|title=Justin Trudeau to pull fighter jets, keep other military planes in ISIS fight|publisher=CBC News |last=Barton|first=Rosemary |date=26 November 2015 |access-date=12 September 2016}}</ref>
			|2={{flag|France|size=22px}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/28/world/europe/france-says-it-has-struck-at-isis-in-syria.html|title=France Says Its Airstrikes Hit an ISIS Camp in Syria |date=28 September 2015|work=The New York Times}}</ref>
			|3={{flag|Jordan|size=22px}}
			|4={{flag|Netherlands|size=22px}}
			|5={{flag|Saudi Arabia|size=22px}}<ref>{{cite news|publisher=]|title=Saudi Arabia, UAE send troops to support Kurds in Syria|date=22 November 2018|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20181122-saudi-arabia-uae-send-troops-to-support-kurds-in-syria/}}</ref>
			|6={{flag|United Arab Emirates|size=22px}}<ref>{{cite news|quote=Along with their American counterparts, Emirati special forces are said to be training elements of the opposition. They constitute a kind of Arab guarantee among the Syrian Democratic Forces – an umbrella group dominated by the Kurds of the PYD, on whom the US are relying to fight IS on the ground.|work=]|url=https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/comment/2017/2/23/the-uae-has-it-in-for-the-muslim-brotherhood|title=The UAE has it in for the Muslim Brotherhood|date=22 February 2017}}</ref>
			|7={{flag|United Kingdom|size=22px}}
			|8={{flag|United States|size=22px}}{{efn|name=fn4}}
			'''Former support:'''
			|9={{nowrap|{{flag|Australia|size=22px}} (2015–17)<ref>{{cite news|work=]|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-australia/australia-to-end-air-strikes-in-iraq-and-syria-bring-super-hornets-home-idUSKBN1EF324|title=Australia to end air strikes in Iraq and Syria, bring Super Hornets home|date=21 December 2017}}</ref>}}
			|10={{flag|Bahrain|size=22px}} (2014–16)
			|11={{flag|Belgium|size=22px}} (2014–17)
			|12={{flag|Denmark|size=22px}} (2014–16)
			|13={{flag|Germany|size=22px}} (2014–21)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/germany-extends-bundeswehr-mission-in-iraq/a-60400784|title=Germany extends Bundeswehr mission in Iraq|date=12 January 2022|website=DW.com}}</ref>
			|14={{flag|Morocco|size=22px}} (2014–16)
			|15={{flag|Qatar|size=22px}} (2014–16)
	}}		}}
			{{Collapsible list
	</div>
			| titlestyle=background-color:transparent; text-align:left;
			| title=Support:<!--DO NOT ADD COUNTRIES PROVIDING NON-LETHAL SUPPORT. THIS WAS AGREED UPON AT THE TALK PAGE.!-->
			| {{nowrap|{{flag|France|size=22px}}<br />(2016–present)<ref>{{Cite news |author=Jamie Dettmer |date=9 June 2016 |title=France Deploys Special Forces in Syria as IS Loses Ground |agency=VOA |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/france-deploys-special-forces-as-is-loses-ground/3368969.html |access-date=1 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=9 June 2016 |title=U.S.-backed fighters poised to cut key ISIS supply line |publisher=] |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/us-backed-sdf-fighters-encircle-isis-stronghold-manbij-near-raqqa-syria/ |access-date=7 March 2017}}</ref>}}
			| {{flag|Russia|size=22px}}<br />(2015–18)
			| {{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Flag of the United States.svg|size=22px}} ]<br />(2014–present)}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Watson |first1=Ivan |last2=Tuysuz |first2=Gul |date=29 October 2014 |title=Meet America's newest allies: Syria's Kurdish minority |agency=CNN |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/10/29/world/us-newest-allies-syrian-kurds/index.html |access-date=4 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=A. Jaunger |date=30 July 2017 |title=US increases military support to Kurdish-led forces in Syria |agency=] |via=Inside Syria Media Center |url=https://en.insidesyriamc.com/2017/07/30/us-increases-military-support-to-kurdish-led-forces-in-syria/ |access-date=1 January 2018}}</ref>
			| {{flagicon image|Flag of PUK.png|size=22px}} ]<br />{{nowrap|(2013–present)<ref name=irish13nov>{{cite news |last=Irish |first=John |date=13 November 2013 |title=Syrian Kurdish leader claims military gains against Islamists |work=Reuters |quote=Muslim said the PYD had received aid, money and weapons from the Iraq-based Kurdistan Democratic Party and Patriotic Union of Kurdistan... |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/11/13/us-syria-kurds-idUSBRE9AC14C20131113?irpc=932 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131114002747/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/11/13/us-syria-kurds-idUSBRE9AC14C20131113?irpc=932 |archive-date=14 November 2013 |access-date=12 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=Ranj Alaaldin |date=16 December 2014 |title=A Dangerous Rivalry for the Kurds |newspaper=] |quote=Once again, the P.U.K. saw a chance to seize the initiative, by suggesting that it, rather than the Kurdistan regional government or the K.D.P., was providing weapons and supplies to the Syrian Kurdish fighters, who belong to a party that has historically been at odds with the K.D.P. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/17/opinion/a-dangerous-rivalry-for-the-kurds.html?_r=1 |access-date=12 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=Jack Murphy |date=23 March 2017 |title=Did Kurdistan's Counter-Terrorist Group assault the Tabqa Dam in Syria? |publisher=SOFREP |url=https://sofrep.com/77726/kurdistans-counter-terrorist-group-assault-taqba-dam-syria/ |access-date=29 March 2017}}</ref>}}
			|{{flagicon image|Flag of Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK).svg|size=22px}} ]<ref name="pkk">{{cite web|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/195385/|title=On International Human Rights Day: Millions of Syrians robbed of "rights" and 593 thousand killed in a decade|date=9 December 2020|publisher=SOHR}}</ref>
			|'''Former support:'''
			| {{nowrap|{{flagicon image|Flag_of_KDP.png}} ]<br />(2013–15){{r|irish13nov}}<ref>{{Cite news |author=Alexander Whitcomb |date=30 October 2014 |title=Peshmerga advance team in Kobane |publisher=] |url=http://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/301020141 |access-date=29 March 2017}}</ref>}}}}
			----
			{{flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg}} ''']''' (Syrian Free Army) (2015–present)
			{{Collapsible list
			|title=Support:
			| {{flag|Jordan|size=22px}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bellingcat.com/news/mena/2016/05/31/new-syrian-army-americas-tip-spear-isis-syrian-desert/|title=The New Syrian Army: America's "Tip of the Spear" Against ISIS in the Syrian Desert|work=Rao Komar|date=31 May 2016|access-date=27 December 2016|archive-date=27 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227131120/https://www.bellingcat.com/news/mena/2016/05/31/new-syrian-army-americas-tip-spear-isis-syrian-desert/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
			| {{flag|Norway|size=22px}}<ref name="test">{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/06/iran-tests-the-us-in-southeastern-syria.php|title=Iran tests the US in southeastern Syria|author1=Amir Toumaj|author2=Caleb Weiss|work=]|date=3 June 2017|access-date=4 June 2017}}</ref>
			| {{flag|United Kingdom|size=22px}}<ref name="test"/><ref>, Telegraph 6 June 2016</ref>
			| {{flag|United States|size=22px}}
			|'''Former support:'''
			| {{flag|Israel|size=22px}} (2013–19)<ref>{{cite news|title=Israel secretly armed and funded 12 Syrian rebel groups, report says|url=https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/syria/in-syria-israel-secretly-armed-and-funded-12-rebel-groups-1.6462729|access-date=2021-01-09|newspaper=Haaretz|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Gross|first=Judah Ari|title=IDF chief finally acknowledges that Israel supplied weapons to Syrian rebels|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/idf-chief-acknowledges-long-claimed-weapons-supply-to-syrian-rebels/|access-date=2021-01-09|website=www.timesofisrael.com|language=en-US}}</ref>{{efn|Israel provided arms to 12 unnamed rebel groups solely against Iran and ISIS.<ref>{{cite news|title=Israel secretly armed and funded 12 Syrian rebel groups, report says|url=https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/syria/in-syria-israel-secretly-armed-and-funded-12-rebel-groups-1.6462729|access-date=2021-01-09|newspaper=Haaretz|language=en}}</ref> Israel has also conducted multiple airstrikes against the Syrian government, Hezbollah, and Iranian positions within Syria.<ref>{{cite news|last1=al-Khalidi|first1=Suleiman|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-intensifying-air-war-syria-against-iranian-encroachment-2021-04-22/|title=Israel intensifying air war in Syria against Iranian encroachment|work=]}}</ref>}}}}
			|commander1={{Plainlist|
			* {{flagicon|Syria}} ]{{-}}
			* {{flagicon|Syria}} ]
			* {{flagicon|Syria}} ]{{-}}
			* {{flagicon|Syria}} ]
			* {{flagicon|Syria}} ]
			* {{flagicon|Syria}} ]
			* {{flagicon|Syria}} ]
			* {{flagicon|Syria}} ]
			* {{flagicon|Syria}} ]
			* {{flagicon|Syria}} ]
			* {{flagicon|Iran}} ]
			* {{flagicon|Russia}} ]
			* ] ]
			* ] ] (until 2021)
			{{Collapsible list
			|title='''Killed:'''
			|{{flagicon|Syria}} ] (Major General of the ])
			|{{flagicon|Syria}} ] (Deputy Minister of Defense)<ref>{{cite web|title=Leading Syrian regime figures killed in Damascus bomb attack |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/18/syrian-regime-figures-bomb-attack |website=The Guardian |date=July 2012}}</ref>
			|{{flagicon|Syria}} ] (Minister of Defense)<ref>{{cite web |date=18 July 2012 |title=Syria defence minister killed in Damascus bomb |work=The Daily Telegraph |access-date=18 July 2012 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/9408303/Syria-defence-minister-killed-in-Damascus-bomb.html}}</ref>
			|{{flagicon|Syria}} ] (Former Minister of Defense)<ref>{{cite news|title=No sign of Assad after bomb kills kin, rebels close in|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-idUSBRE8610SH20120718|access-date=18 July 2012|publisher=Reuters|date=25 March 2016}}</ref>
			|{{flagicon|Syria}} ] (Head of Syrian National Intelligence)<ref>{{cite news |date=24 April 2015 |title=Syria Remains Silent on Intelligence Official's Death |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/25/world/middleeast/syria-remains-silent-on-intelligence-officials-death.html?_r=0&referrer=}}</ref>
			|{{flagicon|Syria}} ] (Head of Military Intelligence)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2013/10/top-syrian-army-general-killed-battle-20131017182611866437.html|publisher=al-Jazeera|title= Syrian military spy chief killed in battle|date=18 October 2013 |access-date=14 March 2016}}</ref>
			|{{flagicon|Syria}} ]<ref> (Head of ]){{cite news |date=8 October 2015 |title=Assad cousin killed in Syria's Latakia |publisher=Al Jazeera |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/03/assad-cousin-killed-syria-latakia-201432320159865701.html |access-date=24 April 2014}}</ref>
			|{{flagicon|Syria}} Maj. Gen. ] (Security advisor to Bashar al-Assad)
			|{{flagicon|Syria}} Brig. Gen. ]
			|{{flagicon|Syria}} Brig. Gen. ]
			|{{flagicon|Syria}} Brig. Gen. ] (Commander of Syrian Military Engineering)
			|{{flagicon|Syria}} Maj. Gen. ] (Director of Air Defense Administration of Homs and Al-Malihah)
			|{{flagicon|Syria}} Maj. Gen. |] (Maj. Gen. of Brigade 75, Brigade 13, Brigade 22, Brigade 99 and 26 Air Defense Command)
			|{{flagicon|Iran}} ] (] Major General, commander of the ], killed in ])<ref>{{cite news |date=3 January 2020 |title=Qasem Soleimani: US kills top Iranian general in Baghdad air strike |work=The BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-50979463}}</ref>
			|{{flagicon|Iran}} ] (] Major General)<ref>{{cite news |date=8 October 2015 |title=Iranian comdr. Brigadier General Hossein Hamedani killed by Isis while advising Syrian regime |work=The Independent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/iranian-commander-brigadier-general-hossein-hamedani-killed-by-isis-while-advising-syrian-regime-a6687276.html|access-date=31 August 2016}}</ref>
			|{{flagicon|Iran}} ] (Senior Comdr. of ])<ref>{{cite news |date=13 February 2013 |title=Iranian General Is Killed in Syria |work=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324162304578302530164834200 |access-date=31 August 2016}}</ref>
			|{{flag icon|Iran}} Hassan Abdollahzadeh (General of ])<ref name="auto">{{cite news |date=4 June 2021 |title=The Iranian officers killed were General Hassan Abdollahzadeh, who had served as an adviser to the Iranian Revolutionary Guards and to Qassem Soleimani, former IRGC's Qods Force commander; and Brigadier General Sa'id Majidi.
			|work= The Meir Amit Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center
			|url=https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/spotlight-on-global-jihad-june-2-9-2021/}}</ref>
			|{{flagicon|Iran}} Sa'id Majidi (Brig. General of the ])<ref name="auto"/>
			|] ] (Military Leader of ])<ref>{{cite news |date=14 May 2016 |title=Obituary: Hezbollah military commander Mustafa Badreddine |publisher=BBC |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-36284621 |access-date=31 August 2016}}</ref>
			|] ] (] Chief of Operations in Syria)<ref>{{cite news |date=19 January 2015 |title=Al-Nusra Front claims responsibility for Hezbollah fighters' death |publisher=Middle East Monitor |url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20150119-hezbollah-fighters-killed-in-al-nusra-front-attack/ |access-date=31 August 2016}}</ref>
			|] ] (Senior Commander of ])<ref>{{cite news|title=Commander of Hezbollah Freed by Israel Is Killed in Syria|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/21/world/middleeast/samir-kuntar-hezbollah-syria-israel.html|access-date=31 August 2016|publisher=BBC|date=20 December 2015}}</ref>
			|] ] (] Head of Security)<ref>{{cite news |date=19 January 2015 |title=Thousands mourn Hezbollah fighter killed in Israeli attack |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-hezbollah/thousands-mourn-hezbollah-fighter-killed-in-israeli-attack-idUSKBN0KS1LG20150119 |access-date=19 January 2015}}</ref>
			|] ] (Leader of ])<ref>{{cite news |date=12 March 2015 |title=Analysis: Shiite Afghan casualties of the war in Syria |work=FDD's Long War Journal |url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2015/03/analysis-shiite-afghan-casualties-of-the-war-in-syria.php |access-date=31 August 2016}}</ref>
			|{{flagicon|Russia}} Lt. Gen ]<ref>{{cite news |date=25 September 2017 |title=Update 1-Moscow blames 'two-faced U.S. policy' for Russian general's Syria death -RIA |agency=Reuter |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/mideast-crisis-syria-russia-casualties/update-1-moscow-blames-two-faced-u-s-policy-for-russian-generals-syria-death-ria-idUKL8N1M64IX}}</ref>
			|{{flagicon|Russia}} Senior Lt ]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://tass.ru/en/defense/873235 |title=Body of senior Russian officer killed in Syria delivered to Moscow |date=29 April 2016 |publisher=TASS |access-date=30 April 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6hGIQVgZV?url=http://tass.ru/en/defense/873235 |archive-date=4 May 2016 |df=dmy}}</ref>
			}}
			}}
			|commander2={{Plainlist|
			* {{flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg}} ]
			* {{flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg}} ]
			* {{flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg}} ]
			* {{flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg}} ]
			* {{flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg}} ]
			* {{flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg}} ]
			* {{flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg}} ]
			* {{flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg}} ]
			* {{flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg}} ]
			* {{flagicon|Turkey}} ] (2016–2017)<ref>{{cite news |date=24 August 2016 |title=Turkish Special Forces: From stopping a coup to the frontline of the ISIL fight |newspaper=] |url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkish-special-forces-from-stopping-a-coup-to-the-frontline-of-the-isil-fight.aspx?pageID=238&nID=103178&NewsCatID=352}}</ref>
			* {{flagicon|Turkey}} ]<br />(2016–2018)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.milliyet.com.tr/afrin-harekatini-korgeneral-ismail-gundem-2593858/|title=Son dakika: Afrin harekatını Korgeneral İsmail Metin Temel yönetecek!|first=milliyet.com.tr Türkiye'nin lider haber|last=sitesi|website=Milliyet|access-date=21 January 2018}}</ref>
			* {{flagicon|Turkey}} ]
			{{Collapsible list
			|title='''Killed:'''
			|{{flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg}} ] (Founder of ])<ref>{{cite web |date=17 November 2013 |title=Top Syrian rebel commander dies from wounds |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-commander-idUSBRE9AH03H20131118}}</ref><br />
			|{{flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg}} ]
			|{{flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg}} ]
			}}}}
			----
			{{Plainlist|
			* {{flagicon image|Flag of Ahrar ash-Sham.svg|50px|border}} ]<br />
			* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Islamic Front (Syria) (Black).svg}} Ahmed Issa al-Sheikh (], 2012–2015)<ref name=BBC22Nov>{{cite web |date=22 November 2013 |title=Leading Syrian rebel groups form new Islamic Front|publisher=BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-25053525 |access-date=22 January 2014}}</ref>
			{{Collapsible list
			|title='''Killed:'''
			|{{flagicon image|Ahrar al-Sham black standard.png}} ] (Leader of ])<ref>{{cite web |title=Suicide bombing kills head of Syrian rebel group |work=The Daily Star |url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Sep-09/270137-blast-hits-top-meeting-of-islamist-group-in-syria-monitor.ashx}}</ref>
			|{{flagicon image|Flag of Ahrar ash-Sham.svg|50px|border}} ]
			|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Islamic Front (Syria) (Black).svg}} ] (] Military Chief) {{r|BBC22Nov}}<ref>{{cite web |date=25 December 2015 |title=Russian raids kill prominent Syrian rebel commander |agency=Al Jazeera |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/12/russian-raids-kill-prominent-syrian-rebel-commander-151225142422180.html}}</ref>
			}}}}
			----
			{{Plainlist|
			* {{flagicon image|Flag of Ahrar ash-Sham.svg|50px|border}}{{flagicon image||border}} ](Emir of Ahrar al-Sham (2014–2015); Emir of Tahrir al-Sham (2017))<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/09/syria-rebel-leader-killed-suicide-blast-201499181811320610.html|title=Syria rebels name slain leader's replacement|publisher=Al Jazeera English|date=10 September 2014|access-date=10 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url= http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/09/syria-rebel-leader-killed-suicide-blast-201499181811320610.html |title = Syria rebels name slain leader's replacement| publisher= ] | date = 10 September 2014| access-date= 10 September 2014}}</ref><br/>
			* {{flagicon image||border}} ] (Current Emir of Tahrir al-Sham)<ref>{{cite news |date=5 March 2015 |title=Source: Syrian warplanes kill leaders of al-Nusra|author1=Nic Robertson |author2=Paul Cruickshank |name-list-style=amp |agency=CNN |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/05/middleeast/syria-al-qaeda-strike/}}</ref>
			* {{flagicon image||border}} ]<br />
			* {{flagicon image||border}} Sami al-Oreidi<br /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cisac.fsi.stanford.edu/mappingmilitants/profiles/hayat-tahrir-al-sham#highlight_text_12841|title=Hayat Tahrir al-Sham" Organizational Structure Leadership, Name Changes, Size Estimates, Resources, Geographic Locations|work= Center for International Security and Cooperation (CISAC)}}</ref>
			* {{flagicon image|WataniaTahrirFlag.svg}} Ahmad Sarhan (] leader)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.enabbaladi.net/archives/244317|title=Meet the leading leaders of the "National Liberation Front"|work=]|date=1 August 2018}}</ref>
			* {{flagicon image|Logo of the Army of Glory.png}} Jamil al-Saleh (] leader)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-crisis-russia-rebels-idUKKCN0RU1XH20150930|title=Western-backed Syrian rebel group says hit by Russian air strikes|work=Reuters|date= 30 September 2015}}</ref>
			{{Collapsible list
			|title='''Killed:'''
			|{{flagicon image||border}} Abu Khaled al-Shamy (Spokesman of the HTS military wing)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/217829/|title=After eight killed and wounded including HTS officials &#124; Turkish forces and factions heavily bombard regime bases in Idlib countryside • The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights|date=10 June 2021}}</ref>
			|{{flagicon image||border}} Abu Ubeidah al-Kansafra (Senior commander and member of HTS Shura council)<ref>, Islamic World News</ref>
			}}}}
			|commander3={{Plainlist|
			* {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg|border}} ]<ref>{{cite news |date=6 March 2015 |title=Senior Nusra Front commander killed in Syria air strike |agency=Al Jazeera |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2015/03/syria-nusra-front-commander-killed-air-strike-150305230517103.html |access-date=3 June 2015}}</ref>
			{{Collapsible list
			|title='''Killed:'''
			|{{flagicon image|Ahrar al-Sham black standard.png}} ] (senior ] Comdr., founding member of ])<ref>{{cite web |title=Al Qaeda's chief representative in Syria killed in suicide attack |work=FDD's Long War Journal |url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2014/02/zawahiris_chief_repr.php|date=23 February 2014}}</ref>
			|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Al-Nusra Front (Variant).svg}} {{flagicon image|Flag of Jabhat Fatah al-Sham.svg}} ] (Spokesperson of al-Nusra Front)<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2016 |title=Nusra Front spokesman killed by air strike in Syria |publisher=Al Jazeera |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/04/nusra-front-spokesman-killed-strike-syria-160404080317702.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2016 |title=Syria's Qaeda spokesman, 20 jihadists dead in strikes: monitor |agency=] |via=Yahoo! |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/syrias-qaeda-spokesman-20-jihadists-dead-strikes-monitor-200452734.html}}</ref>
			|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Al-Nusra Front (Variant).svg}} Abu Hajer al-Homsi (al-Nusra Front military chief)<ref>{{cite web |date=9 September 2016 |title=Air strike kills top commander of former Nusra group in Syria |agency=Reuters |url=http://news.trust.org/item/20160908213024-skwoe/}}</ref>
			|{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} ] (Leader of ])<ref>{{cite news |date=2 July 2015 |title=Leader of Qaeda Cell in Syria, Muhsin al-Fadhli, Is Killed in Airstrike, U.S. Says |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/22/world/middleeast/leader-of-qaeda-cell-in-syria-muhsin-al-fadhli-is-killed-in-airstrike-us-says.html}}</ref>
			|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria.svg}} ] (] commander of the ]).<br />
			|{{flagicon image|Guardians Of Religion INFOBOX flag.png}} Abu Al-Bara al-Tunisi (Senior commander of the Al-Qaeda linked ])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.alaraby.co.uk/news/us-drone-strike-targets-al-qaeda-commander-idlib-strike|title=US drone strike targets Al-Qaeda-linked militants in Idlib|date= 20 September 2021|publisher=The New Arab}}</ref>
			|{{flagicon image|Guardians Of Religion INFOBOX flag.png}} ] (Former leader of Hurras al-Din)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2020/06/u-s-reportedly-targets-2-senior-al-qaeda-figures-in-airstrike-in-syria.php|title=U.S. reportedly targets 2 senior al Qaeda figures in airstrike in Syria|website=FDD's Long War Journal|date=14 June 2020}}</ref>}}}}
			----
			{{Plainlist|
			* {{flagicon|ISIL}} ]<br/>
			* {{flagicon|ISIL}} ]
			* {{flagicon|ISIL}} ]
			{{Collapsible list
			|title='''Killed:'''
			|{{flagicon|ISIL}} ] (1st ISIL Leader)<ref name=boom>{{cite news |last1=Laporta |first1=James |last2=O'Connor |first2=Tom |last3=Jamali |first3=Naveed |title=Trump Approves Special Ops Raid Targeting ISIS Leader Baghdadi, Military Says He's Dead |url=https://www.newsweek.com/trump-approves-special-ops-raid-targeting-isis-leader-baghdadi-1467982 |access-date=26 October 2019 |agency=Newsweek |date=26 October 2019}}</ref>
			|{{flagicon|ISIL}} ] (2nd ISIL Leader)
			|{{flagicon|ISIL}} ] (3rd ISIL Leader)
			|{{flagicon|ISIL}} ] (Former Deputy leader of ISIL & Head of Military Council)<ref>{{cite web
			|title=ISIS confirms death of senior leader in Syria |website=FDD's Long War Journal |date=February 2014 |url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2014/02/isis_confirms_death.php |access-date=16 September 2016}}</ref>
			|{{flagicon|ISIL}} ] (Former Head of Military Council)<ref>{{cite web |author=Alessandria Masi |date=11 November 2014 |title=If ISIS Leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi Is Killed, Who Is Caliph Of The Islamic State Group? |work=] |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/if-isis-leader-abu-bakr-al-baghdadi-killed-who-caliph-islamic-state-group-1721638 |access-date=11 June 2015}}</ref>
			|{{flagicon|ISIL}} ] (Deputy, Syria)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Schmidt |first1=Michael S. |last2=Mazzetti |first2=Mark |date=25 March 2016 |title=A Top ISIS Leader Is Killed in an Airstrike, the Pentagon Says |work=] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/26/world/middleeast/abd-al-rahman-mustafa-al-qaduli-isis-reported-killed-in-syria.html}}</ref>
			|{{flagicon|ISIL}} ] (War Minister)<ref>{{cite news |last=Starr |first=Barbara |date=14 March 2016 |title=U.S. assesses ISIS operative Omar al-Shishani is dead |agency=] |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/03/14/politics/u-s-confirms-death-of-isis-operative-omar-al-shishani/index.html}}</ref>
			|{{flagicon|ISIL}} ] (Senior Leader)<ref>{{cite news |last=Ryan |first=Missy |date=3 July 2015 |title=U.S. drone strike kills a senior Islamic State militant in Syria |work=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/drone-kills-top-islamic-state-militant-in-syria-a-day-after-brother-was-slain/2015/07/02/7e3a0598-20fc-11e5-bf41-c23f5d3face1_story.html |access-date=31 August 2016}}</ref>
			|{{flagicon|ISIL}} ] (Oil Minister)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Starr |first1=Barbara |last2=Conlon |first2=Kevin |date=19 May 2015 |title=U.S. names ISIS commander killed in raid |agency=CNN |url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/05/19/us/isis-abu-sayyaf-name/ |access-date=31 August 2016}}</ref>
			|{{flagicon|ISIL}} ] (Former Deputy Leader)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Starr |first1=Barbara |last2=Acosta |first2=Jim |date=22 August 2015 |title=U.S.: ISIS No.2 killed in US drone strike in Iraq |agency=CNN |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/08/21/middleeast/isis-no2-believed-killed/index.html}}</ref>
			|{{flagicon|ISIL}} ] (Head of Military Council)<ref>{{cite news |last=Sherlock |first=Ruth |date=9 July 2014 |title=Inside the leadership of Islamic State: how the new 'caliphate' is run |work=The Daily Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/10956280/Inside-the-leadership-of-Islamic-State-how-the-new-caliphate-is-run.html |access-date=31 August 2016}}</ref>
			|{{flagicon|ISIL}} ] (Minister of War)<ref>{{cite news |date=6 September 2016 |title=Isis: US-trained Tajik special forces chief Gulmurod Khalimov becomes Isis war minister |work=International Business Times |via=Yahoo News |url=http://uk.news.yahoo.com/isis-us-trained-tajik-special-150308829.html}}</ref>
			|{{flagicon|ISIL}} Abu Hamza al-Qurashi (IS spokesman until 2022)
			|{{flagicon|ISIL}} ] (Deputy Leader)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/29/world/middleeast/us-airstrike-kills-top-isis-leader-in-iraq.html |title=U.S. Airstrike Kills Top ISIS Leader in Iraq |website=The New York Times |date=29 January 2021 }}</ref>
			|{{flagicon|ISIL}} Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi<br />(Leader of the ], 2016–17)<ref>{{cite news |date=9 June 2017 |title=Top ISIL leaders killed in southern Syria
			|agency=The National |url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/top-isil-leaders-killed-in-southern-syria-1.63750}}</ref>
			|{{flagicon|ISIL}} ] ('Jihadi John', senior leader)
			|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Yarmouk Martyrs Brigade.svg}} ] (Founder of ])<ref>{{citation |last1=Sands |first1=Phil |last2=Maayeh |first2=Suha web |date=17 November 2015 |title=Death of 'ISIL commander' in southern Syria a blow to the group |work=] |url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/death-of-isil-commander-in-southern-syria-a-blow-to-the-group-1.79259}}</ref>
			}}}}
			|commander4={{Plainlist|
			* ] ]
			* ] Amina Omar<ref>{{cite news|title=The Syrian Democratic Council concludes its work by issuing the final communiqué|url=https://www.hawarnews.com/ar/haber/d985d8acd984d8b3-d8b3d988d8b1d98ad8a7-d8a7d984d8afd98ad985d982d8b1d8a7d8b7d98ad8a9-d98ad986d987d98a-d8a3d8b9d985d8a7d984-d985d8a4d8aad985d8b1d987-d8a8d8a5d8b5d8afd8a7d8b1-d8a7d984d8a8d98ad8a7d986-d8a7d984d8aed8aad8a7d985d98a-h5024.html|access-date=24 March 2019 |agency=Hawar News Agency}}</ref><br />(] July 2018 – present)
			* ] ] (] until 2017)
			* ] Shahoz Hasan (] 2017–present)
			* ] ]<br />(])
			* {{flagicon image|Flag of Syrian Democratic Forces.svg}} {{flagicon image|People's Protection Units Flag.svg|border=no}} ] (])
			* {{flagicon image|Flag of Syrian Democratic Forces.svg}} {{flagicon image|People's Protection Units Flag.svg|border=no}} Sipan Hemo (])
			* {{flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg}} ]
			* {{flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg}} ]
			{{Collapsible list
			|title='''Killed:'''
			|{{flagicon image|Flag of Syrian Democratic Forces.svg}} ] (Comdr. of Syrian Democratic Forces)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/top-syrian-kurdish-commander-abu-layla-killed-by-isis-sniper-fire-a7066651.html|title=Top Syrian Kurdish commander Abu Layla killed by Isis sniper fire|date=5 June 2016|work=The Independent}}</ref>
			|{{flagicon image|Flag of Syrian Democratic Forces.svg}} ] (Comdr. of the Manbij Military Council)<ref name=k24>{{cite web|url=http://www.kurdistan24.net/en/news/3c865b8b-10cc-4708-868e-33d18cb4968b|title=Senior SDF commander lost his life in Raqqa fighting IS|publisher=]|author=Hisham Arafat|date=31 August 2017}}</ref>
			|{{flagicon image|International Freedom Battalion original banner.svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Communist Party of Turkey-Marxist–Leninist.svg}} ]<br />(] and ] commander)
			}}
			----
			* {{Flagicon|United States}}{{flagicon|United States Army|border}} ]<ref>{{cite news |date=22 August 2016 |title=New Operation Inherent Resolve commander continues fight against ISIL |agency=Army Worldwide News |url=https://www.army.mil/article/173729/new_operation_inherent_resolve_commander_continues_fight_against_isil}}</ref>
			* {{flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg}} Muhammad Farid al-Qassem
			* {{flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg}} Abdullah al-Zoubi
			}}
			|strength1=]: 142,000 {{nowrap|(2019)}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.globalfirepower.com/country-military-strength-detail.asp?country_id=Syria|title= Syria military strength| publisher=Global Fire Power|date=8 July 2019}}</ref><br />]: 8,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2013/Aug-28/228953-syrias-diminished-security-forces.ashx|title=Syria's diminished security forces|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=28 August 2013|access-date=14 May 2014}}</ref><br />National Defense Force: 80,000<ref> '']'', 16 June 2014</ref><br />Liwa Fatemiyoun: 10,000–20,000 {{nowrap|(2018)}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://warontherocks.com/2018/02/mission-accomplished-whats-next-irans-afghan-fighters-syria/ |title=Mission Accomplished? What's Next for Iran's Afghan Fighters in Syria |author=Ahmad Shuja Jamal |work=War on the Rocks |date=13 February 2018 |access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref><br />Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas: 10,000+{{nowrap|(2013)}}<ref name="Guardian">{{cite news|title=Syrian war widens Sunni-Shia schism as foreign jihadis join fight for shrines|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/04/syria-islamic-sunni-shia-shrines-volunteers|work=The Guardian|date=4 June 2013|access-date=18 September 2013}}</ref><br />Ba'ath Brigades: 7,000<br />Liwa Al-Quds: 4,000–8,000<br />Russia: 4,000 troops<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/russias-syria-force-has-reportedly-grown-to-4000-people-2015-11|title=Russia's Syria force has reportedly grown to 4,000 people|work=Business Insider}}</ref> & 1,000 contractors<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/up-to-nine-russian-contractors-die-in-syria-experts-say-1450467757|title=Up to Nine Russian Contractors Die in Syria, Experts Say|first=Thomas|last=Grove|date=18 December 2015|work=Wall Street Journal}}</ref><br /><br/>Iran: 3,000–5,000<ref name="legion">{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/iran-foreign-legion-leads-battle-in-syrias-north-1455672481|title=Iran 'Foreign Legion' Leads Battle in Syria's North|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=17 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/syria-civil-war-state-of-the-art-technology-gives-president-assad-s-army-the-edge-a6898741.html|title=State-of-the-art technology is giving Assad's army the edge in Syria|website=]|date=26 February 2016}}</ref><br />Iranian forces:up to 15,000<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Turner |editor1-first=Mandy |editor2-last=Kühn |editor2-first=Florian P. |last=Phillips |first=Christopher| title= The Politics of International Intervention: The Tyranny of Peace|date= 2022 |publisher= Springer |location=New York, N.Y.|page=266|isbn=978-1-138-89127-2|chapter=13: Intervention and non-intervention in the Syria Crisis}}</ref><br/>Hezbollah: 6,000–8,000<ref name="legion" /><br/>]: 150<ref>https://iranwire.com/en/features/67400/</ref><ref>https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/egypt-sends-forces-to-syria-for-assad-regime/1927275</ref><br />Other allied groups: 20,000+
			|strength2=]: 20,000–32,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/graphic-the-most-accurate-breakdown-of-the-syrian-rebels-2013-9|title=Here's The Extremist-To-Moderate Spectrum Of The 100,000 Syrian Rebels|work=Business Insider}}</ref> (2013)<br />]: 40,000–70,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2014/03/04/islamic_front_isis_syria|title=Front to Back|work=Foreign Policy}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Cockburn|first=Patrick|title=West suspends aid for Islamist rebels in Syria, underlining their disillusionment with those forces opposed to President Bashar al-Assad|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/west-suspends-aid-for-islamist-rebels-in-syria-underlining-their-disillusionment-with-those-forces-opposed-to-president-bashar-alassad-8998891.html|newspaper=The Independent|date=11 December 2013}}</ref> (2014)<br />Other groups: 12,500<ref name="Guardian70K">. Retrieved 18 February 2016.</ref> (2015)<br />]: 4,000–8,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yenisafak.com/dunya/8-bin-asker-emir-bekliyor-2591721|title=8 bin asker emir bekliyor|first=Yeni|last=Şafak|date=5 January 2017|website=Yeni Şafak}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aranews.net/2017/01/us-assistant-secretary-of-defense-tells-turkey-only-isis-a-target-not-kurds/|title=US Assistant Secretary of Defense tells Turkey only ISIS is a target, not Kurds|date=16 January 2017|website=ARA News}}</ref>
			----
			]: 18,000–20,000+<ref name="killing ground">{{cite web|url=http://www.atimes.com/article/syrias-idlib-groomed-islamist-killing-ground/|title=Is Syria's Idlib being groomed as Islamist killing ground?|work=Asia Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/03/15/al-qaeda-is-swallowing-the-syrian-opposition/|title=Al Qaeda Is Starting to Swallow the Syrian Opposition|work=Foreign Policy|date=15 March 2017}}</ref> (March 2017)
			----
			]: 20,000–30,000 (per U.S., late 2018)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-crisis-syria-dunford/top-u-s-general-warns-against-major-assault-on-syrias-idlib-idUKKCN1LK1JY|title=Top U.S. general warns against major assault on Syria's Idlib|first=Phil|last=Stewart|date=4 September 2018|publisher=Reuters}}</ref>
			|strength3= Islamic State: 10,000+ (in Syria and Iraq, 2022) <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stimson.org/2022/syria-in-isiss-strategy/#:~:text=Despite%20all%20the%20efforts%20of,the%20rest%20of%20the%20country.|title=Syria in ISIS’s Strategy – Can ISIS be defeated without a solution in Syria?|date=11 October 2022|work=stimson.org}}</ref>
			|strength4=]: 60,000–75,000 (2017 est.){{sfnp|Rashid|2018|p=7}}
			* YPG & YPJ: 20,000–30,000 (2017 est.){{sfnp|Rashid|2018|p=16}}
			* Syriac Military Council (MFS): 1,000 (2017 est.){{sfnp|Rashid|2018|p=53}}
			* Al-Sanadid Forces: 2,000–4,000 (2017 est.){{sfnp|Rashid|2018|p=53}}
			* SDF Military Councils: 10,000+<ref name=spokesman>{{cite web|url=http://aranews.net/2016/06/us-coalition-spokesman-arabs-leading-manbij-campaign-not-kurds/|title=US coalition spokesman: Arabs are leading Manbij campaign, not Kurds |agency=ARA News|date=4 June 2016|access-date=6 June 2016}}</ref><ref name=bastion>{{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/us-backed-syrian-rebels-advance-bastion-085127312.html|title=US-backed fighters close in on IS Syria bastion|agency=AFP|access-date=6 June 2016|date=6 June 2016}}</ref><ref name=soon>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-deiralzor-idUSKCN1B516W|title=U.S.-backed forces to attack Syria's Deir al-Zor soon: SDF official|work=Reuters|author=Rodi Said|date=25 August 2017}}</ref>
			]:<br />600<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.military.com/daily-news/2019/11/10/600-troops-now-set-remain-syria-indefinitely-top-general-says.html|title=Up to 600 Troops Now Set to Remain in Syria Indefinitely, Top General Says|first=Richard|last=Sisk|date=10 November 2019|website=Military.com}}</ref>
			|casualties1={{flagdeco|Syria|size=23px}} '''Syrian Arab Republic:'''<br />91,267–103,670 soldiers & 67,242 militiamen killed<ref name=SOHR>{{cite web|date=15 March 2022|title=
			Syrian Revolution 11 years on {{!}} SOHR documents by names nearly 161,000 civilian deaths, including 40,500 children and women|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/243125/|publisher=]}}</ref><ref name=SOHR1>{{Cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=8103|title=Tantalizing promises of Bashar al- Assad kill more than 11000 fighters of his forces during 5 months.|date=17 December 2014|publisher=SOHR|access-date=15 December 2016}}</ref><br />4,100 soldiers/militiamen & 1,800 supporters captured<ref name=SOHR /><br />] '''Hezbollah:'''<br />1,712–2,000 killed<ref name=SOHR /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.soufangroup.com/intelbrief-on-balance-hezbollah-has-benefited-from-the-syrian-conflict/|title=On Balance, Hezbollah Has Benefited from the Syrian Conflict|work=The Soufan Group|access-date=17 September 2018}}</ref><br />{{flagicon|Russia}} '''Russia:'''<br />137–160 ] & 266–284 ]<ref>151–201 killed (2015–17), 14–64 killed (], Feb. 2018), 18 killed (May 2018 – June 2019), total of 183–283 reported dead</ref><br />'''Other non-Syrian fighters:'''<br />8,628 killed<ref name=SOHR /> (2,300–3,500+ ]-led)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.memri.org/reports/irgc-strategist-hassan-abbasi-praises-iranian-parents-who-handed-over-their-oppositionist|title=IRGC Strategist Hassan Abbasi Praises Iranian Parents Who Handed Over Their Oppositionist Children For Execution: Educating People To This Level Is The Pinnacle Of The Islamic Republic's Achievement; Adds: 2,300 Iranians Have Been Killed In Syria War|website=MEMRI}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://eldorar.com/node/114111|title=عميد إيراني يكشف عن إحصائية بأعداد قتلى بلاده في سوريا|first=محرر الدرر|last=الشامية|date=30 August 2017|website=الدرر الشامية|access-date=19 February 2019}}</ref><br />'''Total:'''<br />169,252–181,984 killed
			|casualties2= {{flagicon|Syrian opposition}}'''Syrian Interim Government'''<br/>
			{{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Syrian_Salvation_Government.svg|size=22px}}'''Syrian Salvation Government:'''<br />111,576–152,173 killed{{efn|Number incl. all anti-government forces, except ISIL and SDF, which are listed in their separate columns.}}<ref name=SOHR /><ref name=SOHR1 />
			----
			{{flagicon|Turkey}} '''Turkey:'''<br />256–313 ] (])<ref>72 killed in ], 61–96 killed in ], 70–84 killed in ], 18 killed in ], 16–24 killed after Operation Spring Shield, 2 killed after Operation Euphates Shield, total of 239–296 reported killed (for more details see ])</ref>
			|casualties3= {{flagicon|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|size=22px}} '''Islamic State:'''<br /> 41,101 killed<ref name=SOHR />
			|casualties4= {{flagicon image|De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg|size=22px}} '''NES:'''<br />14,114 killed<ref name=SOHR /><br />
			{{flagicon image|Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers_Party_(PKK).svg}} ''']''':<br />3,200+ killed<ref name="pkk"/>
			----
			{{flagicon image|Seal of Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve.svg|border=}} ''']:'''<br />13 killed<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.f-16.net/f-16-news-article4910.html|title=Pilot killed as U.S. F-16 crashes in Jordan}}<br />{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-31129416|title=Jordan pilot murder: Islamic State deploys asymmetry of fear|date=4 February 2015|publisher=BBC News}}<br />{{cite web|url=http://abcnews.go.com/International/us-service-member-killed-accident-syria/story?id=47658836|title=US service member killed in Syria identified as 22-year-old from Georgia|date=27 May 2017|publisher=ABC News}}<br />{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/coalition-personnel-killed-ied-syria/story?id=54118440|title=US identifies American service member killed by IED in Syria|date=27 May 2017|publisher=ABC News}}<br />{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20170923-french-soldier-killed-iraq-syria-military-zone|title=French soldier killed in Iraq-Syria military zone, Élysée Palace says|date=27 May 2017|publisher=France24}}<br />{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/01/16/politics/syria-attack-us-patrolled-city/index.html|title=4 Americans among those killed in Syria attack claimed by ISIS|date=27 May 2017|publisher=CNN}}<br />{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=126569l|title=Mystery surrounds the killing of a US soldier in the countryside of Ayn al-Arab (Kobani) amid accusations against Turkey of targeting him|date=2 May 2019|publisher=Syrian Observatory of Human Rights}}<br />{{cite web|url=http://abcnews.go.com/International/us-service-member-killed-accident-syria/story?id=47658836|title=US service member killed in Syria identified as 22-year-old from Georgia|date=27 May 2017|publisher=ABC News}}<br />{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/jan/25/army-identifies-antonio-moore-soldier-killed-syria/|title=Army identifies U.S. soldier killed in Syria|date=27 January 2020|publisher=The Washington Times}}<br />{{cite web|url=https://thehill.com/policy/defense/508654-pentagon-identifies-us-soldier-killed-in-syria|title=Pentagon identifies US soldier killed in Syria|work=The Hill|date=23 July 2020}}</ref> ({{flagicon|United States}} 10, {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} 1, {{flagicon|France}} 1, {{flagicon|Jordan}} 1)
			|units1=]
			|units2=]
			|units3=]
			|units4=]
			|notes=<div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
			At least '''306,887''' civilians killed (per ])<ref>{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/300000-civilians-killed-syrias-conflict-85842954 |title=UN: More than 300,000 civilians killed in Syria's conflict |last=Keaten |first=Jamey |date=28 June 2022 |publisher=ABC News |access-date=11 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref><br /><br />'''100''' ] killed ({{flagicon|Lebanon}} 60, {{flagicon|Turkey}} 17 (pre-2016), {{flagicon|Iraq}} 16, {{flagicon|Jordan}} 7)
			----
			'''Total killed''':
			<br> '''499,657–610,000''' (per ])<ref name=SOHR />
			<br> '''580,000+''' (per GCR2P)<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 December 2022 |title=Syria |url=https://www.globalr2p.org/countries/syria/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128063728/https://www.globalr2p.org/countries/syria/ |archive-date=28 January 2022 |website=Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect}}</ref>
			----
			Estimated '''6.7 million''' ] & '''6.6 million''' ] (March 2021)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unhcr.org/syria-emergency.html|title=Syria emergency|first=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|last=(UNHCR)}}</ref></div>
			----
			{{Notelist}}
	}}		}}
	<noinclude>		<noinclude>
Line 49:		Line 296:
	|first=Bedir Mulla		|first=Bedir Mulla
	|translator=Obaida Hitto		|translator=Obaida Hitto
	|title=Military and Security Structures of the Autonomous Administration in Syria		|title= Military and Security Structures of the Autonomous Administration in Syria
	|url=http://omranstudies.org/publications/reports/download/68_d403f01ed28320cb2e67b13cffb381c7.html		|url= http://omranstudies.org/publications/reports/download/68_d403f01ed28320cb2e67b13cffb381c7.html
	|orig-year=1st pub. 2017		|orig-year=1st pub. 2017
	|date=2018		|date= 2018
	|publisher=Omran for Strategic Studies		|publisher= Omran for Strategic Studies
	|location=]		|location= ]
	}}		}}
	</noinclude>		</noinclude>