| Revision as of 19:47, 16 February 2012 editBeetstra (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Administrators172,071 edits Saving copy of the {{chembox}} taken from revid 474876983 of page Acephate for the Chem/Drugbox validation project (updated: ''). |
Latest revision as of 05:16, 3 July 2024 edit IntentionallyDense (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, New page reviewers, Pending changes reviewers34,744 edits →Toxicology |
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{{ambox | text = This page contains a copy of the infobox ({{tl|chembox}}) taken from revid of page ] with values updated to verified values.}} |
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{{chembox |
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{{chembox |
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| Verifiedfields = changed |
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| verifiedrevid = 443364603 |
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| verifiedrevid = 477238322 |
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| ImageFile_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}} |
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| ImageFile_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}} |
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| ImageFile = Acephate2D.png |
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| ImageFile = Acephat.svg |
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| ImageSize = 200px |
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| ImageSize = 180 |
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| ImageAlt = Skeletal formula of acephate |
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| IUPACName = ''N''-(Methoxy-methylsulfanylphosphoryl)acetamide |
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| ImageFile1 = Acephate-3D-balls.png |
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| ImageAlt1 = Ball-and-stick model of the acephate molecule |
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| PIN = Dimethyl ''N''-acetylphosphoramidothioate |
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| OtherNames = |
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| OtherNames = |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers |
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| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}} |
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| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}} |
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| KEGG = C14426 |
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| KEGG = C14426 |
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| InChIKey = YASYVMFAVPKPKE-UHFFFAOYAG |
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| InChIKey = YASYVMFAVPKPKE-UHFFFAOYAG |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| CASNo = 30560-19-1 |
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| CASNo = 30560-19-1 |
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| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}} |
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| EINECS = |
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| PubChem = 1982 |
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| ChEMBL = 2133249 |
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| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
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| PubChem = 1982 |
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| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
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| UNII = 3Y417O444D |
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| UNII = 3Y417O444D |
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| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
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| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
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| ChEBI = 34520 |
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| ChEBI = 34520 |
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| SMILES = O=C(NP(=O)(OC)SC)C |
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| SMILES = O=C(NP(=O)(OC)SC)C |
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| InChI = 1/C4H10NO3PS/c1-4(6)5-9(7,8-2)10-3/h1-3H3,(H,5,6,7) |
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| InChI = 1/C4H10NO3PS/c1-4(6)5-9(7,8-2)10-3/h1-3H3,(H,5,6,7) |
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| RTECS = |
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| RTECS = TB4760000 |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID = 1905 |
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| ChemSpiderID = 1905 |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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|Section2={{Chembox Properties |
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| C=4 | H = 10 | N=1 | O=3 | P=1 | S=1 |
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| C=4 | H=10 | N=1 | O=3 | P=1 | S=1 |
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| Appearance = |
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| Appearance = colourless to white solid |
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| Density = |
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| Density = 1.35 g/cm<sup>3</sup> |
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| MeltingPt = |
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| MeltingPtC = 88-90 |
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| Solubility = |
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| Solubility = 79 g/100 mL |
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| SolubleOther = very soluble in ] <br> soluble in ] |
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| VaporPressure = 2x10<sup>−6</sup> mmHg |
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| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |
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| Section6 = {{Chembox Pharmacology |
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| MainHazards = |
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| NFPA-H = |
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| Licence_EU = |
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| HPhrases = {{GHSp|GHS07}}<ref name="sigma">{{SigmaLink |
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| Productgroup = Fluka |
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| INN = |
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| Productcode = 45315 |
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| INN_EMA = |
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| Licence_US = |
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| Accessdate = May 22, 2011 |
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}}</ref> |
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| Legal_AU = S6 |
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<br />{{GHSp|H302}}<ref name="sigma" /> |
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|Section7={{Chembox Hazards |
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| MainHazards = |
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| NFPA-H = |
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| GHSPictograms = {{GHS07}} |
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| GHSSignalWord = warning |
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| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|H302}} |
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| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|P264|P270|P301+P312|P330|P501}} |
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| GHS_ref = <ref name="PubChem">{{cite web | title=Acephate | website=PubChem | url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/1982 | access-date=2021-03-17 | archive-date=2021-03-07 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307214650/https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/1982 | url-status=live }}</ref> |
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'''Acephate''' is an ] ] and soil ] of moderate persistence with residual systemic activity of about 10–15 days at the recommended use rate. It is used primarily for control of ]s, including resistant species, in vegetables (e.g. potatoes, carrots, greenhouse tomatoes, and lettuce) and in horticulture (e.g. on ]s and ] ornamentals). It also controls ]s, ]s, ], ], and spider mites in the previously stated crops as well as ], and ]. By direct application to mounds, it is effective in destroying ]. |
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Acephate is sold as a soluble powder, as emulsifiable concentrates, as pressurized aerosol, and in ] systems and granular formulations. |
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As of 2012, the EPA no longer allows the usage of acephate on green beans grown in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.epa.gov/safepestcontrol/food-and-pesticides|title = Food and Pesticides|date = 21 February 2013|access-date = 28 May 2023|archive-date = 28 May 2023|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230528112447/https://www.epa.gov/safepestcontrol/food-and-pesticides|url-status = live}}</ref> |
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==Toxicology== |
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It is considered non-] on many crop plants. Acephate and its primary metabolite, ], are toxic to '']'' spp. that are considered resistant to other organophosphate insecticides. Acephate emits toxic fumes of various ] of ], ], and ] when heated to decomposition. Symptoms of exposure to acephate include a slight irritation of eyes and skin. |
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The U.S. annually uses 4–5 million pounds of acephate.<ref name="k594">{{cite web | title=Acephate Facts | url=https://www3.epa.gov/pesticides/chem_search/reg_actions/reregistration/fs_PC-103301_1-Sep-01.pdf | access-date=2024-07-03}}</ref> |
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The EU classifies Acephate as an Annex III substance, meaning that it meets the requirements to be considered a health and environmental hazard. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Substance Information - ECHA |url=https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.045.659 |access-date=2023-10-31 |website=echa.europa.eu |language=en-GB}}</ref> |
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== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
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* U.S. EPA Office of Pesticide Programs. |
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* Extension Toxicology Network. Pesticide Information Profiles. |
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* Cooperative Extension Offices of Cornell University, Oregon State University, the University of Idaho, and the University of California at Davis. |
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* Institute for Environmental Toxicology, Michigan State University. |
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== External links == |
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* {{PPDB|9}} |
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{{Insecticides}} |
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{{Acetylcholine metabolism and transport modulators}} |
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] |
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] |