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Revision as of 05:02, 17 February 2012 editBeetstra (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Administrators172,031 edits Saving copy of the {{drugbox}} taken from revid 467768528 of page Alagebrium for the Chem/Drugbox validation project (updated: 'CAS_number').  Latest revision as of 23:21, 11 November 2023 edit Leyo (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Administrators22,345 editsm fix 
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{{Short description|Chemical compound}}
{{ambox | text = This page contains a copy of the infobox ({{tl|drugbox}}) taken from revid of page ] with values updated to verified values.}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Drugbox
{{Infobox drug
⚫ | verifiedrevid = 447430792
| Verifiedfields = changed
⚫ | verifiedrevid = 477316280
| IUPAC_name = 4,5-dimethyl-3-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-thiazolium chloride | IUPAC_name = 4,5-dimethyl-3-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-thiazolium chloride
| image = Alagebrium_structure.svg | image = Alagebrium_structure.svg
| image2 = Alagebrium_sf.gif | image2 = Alagebrium sf.png


<!--Clinical data--> <!--Clinical data-->
| tradename = | tradename =
| pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X --> | pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X -->
| pregnancy_US = <!-- A / B / C / D / X --> | pregnancy_US = <!-- A / B / C / D / X -->
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<!--Identifiers--> <!--Identifiers-->
| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}} | CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CAS_number = <!-- blanked - oldvalue: 341028-37-3 --> | CAS_number = 393121-34-1
| ATC_prefix = none | ATC_prefix = none
| PubChem = 216306 | PubChem = 216306
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 187495 | ChemSpiderID = 187495
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 2107309
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = DGH49JXB1F | UNII = DGH49JXB1F


| index2_label = as chloride
| CAS_number2_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CAS_number2 = 341028-37-3

| UNII2_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII2 = 79QS8K2877
<!--Chemical data--> <!--Chemical data-->
| C=13 | H=14 | Cl=1 | N=1 | O=1 | S=1 | C=13 | H=14 | Cl=1 | N=1 | O=1 | S=1
| molecular_weight = 267.774 g/mol
| smiles = .O=C(c1ccccc1)C2c(c(sc2)C)C | smiles = .O=C(c1ccccc1)C2c(c(sc2)C)C
| InChI = 1/C13H14NOS.ClH/c1-10-11(2)16-9-14(10)8-13(15)12-6-4-3-5-7-12;/h3-7,9H,8H2,1-2H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
| InChIKey = MKOMESMZHZNBIZ-REWHXWOFAD
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C13H14NOS.ClH/c1-10-11(2)16-9-14(10)8-13(15)12-6-4-3-5-7-12;/h3-7,9H,8H2,1-2H3;1H/q+1;/p-1 | StdInChI = 1S/C13H14NOS.ClH/c1-10-11(2)16-9-14(10)8-13(15)12-6-4-3-5-7-12;/h3-7,9H,8H2,1-2H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
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| StdInChIKey = MKOMESMZHZNBIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M | StdInChIKey = MKOMESMZHZNBIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M
}} }}

'''Alagebrium''' (formerly known as '''ALT-711''', dimethyl-3-N-phenacylthiazolium chloride) was a drug candidate developed by Alteon, Inc. It was the first drug candidate to be clinically tested for the purpose of breaking the crosslinks caused by ]s (AGEs), thereby reversing one of the main mechanisms of aging.<ref name=alteonr&d>{{cite web |title = R&D overview: A.G.E. crosslink breakers and Alagebrium | publisher = Alteon Corporation| url = http://www.alteon.com/overview.htm | access-date = 2007-07-04| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070701092005/http://www.alteon.com/overview.htm| archive-date= 1 July 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref> Through this effect Alagebrium is designed to reverse the stiffening of blood vessel walls that contributes to ] and ], as well as many other forms of degradation associated with protein crosslinking.<ref name=alteonr&d2>{{cite web |title = Product Candidate: A.G.E. crosslink breakers | publisher = Alteon Corporation| url = http://www.alteon.com/overview.htm | access-date = 2007-07-04| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070701092005/http://www.alteon.com/overview.htm| archive-date= 1 July 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref> Alagebrium has proven effective in reducing ] ]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bakris GL, Bank AJ, Kass DA, Neutel JM, Preston RA, Oparil S | title = Advanced glycation end-product cross-link breakers. A novel approach to cardiovascular pathologies related to the aging process | journal = American Journal of Hypertension | volume = 17 | issue = 12 Pt 2 | pages = 23S–30S | date = December 2004 | pmid = 15607432 | doi = 10.1016/j.amjhyper.2004.08.022 | doi-access = free }}</ref> and providing therapeutic benefit for patients with ] ].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Little WC, Zile MR, Kitzman DW, Hundley WG, O'Brien TX, Degroof RC | title = The effect of alagebrium chloride (ALT-711), a novel glucose cross-link breaker, in the treatment of elderly patients with diastolic heart failure | journal = Journal of Cardiac Failure | volume = 11 | issue = 3 | pages = 191–195 | date = April 2005 | pmid = 15812746 | doi = 10.1016/j.cardfail.2004.09.010 }}</ref>

==Mechanism==
]s (AGEs) are proteins that become ] as a result of exposure to sugars.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Goldin A, Beckman JA, Schmidt AM, Creager MA | title = Advanced glycation end products: sparking the development of diabetic vascular injury | journal = Circulation | volume = 114 | issue = 6 | pages = 597–605 | date = August 2006 | pmid = 16894049 | doi = 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.621854 | doi-access = free }}</ref> They are a bio-marker implicated in aging and the development, or worsening, of many ], such as ], ], ], and ]. Pharmacologic intervention with alagebrium directly targets the biochemical pathway leading to AGEs. Although alagebrium may break some important AGE crosslinks, there is no evidence that it is effective against the most prevalent crosslink: ].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Monnier VM, Sell DR | title = Prevention and repair of protein damage by the Maillard reaction in vivo | journal = Rejuvenation Research | volume = 9 | issue = 2 | pages = 264–273 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16706654 | doi = 10.1089/rej.2006.9.264 }}</ref>

==History==
Alteon said that it had selected ALT-711 as its lead AGE-breaker based on preclinical results in its annual report for the year 1997 and that it was preparing an IND filing.<ref>{{cite web|title=Alteon 10-K For the fiscal year ended December 31, 1997|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/878903/0000893220-98-000631.txt|publisher=Alteon via SEC Edgar|date=31 March 1998}}</ref>

The INN name was proposed in 2004<ref>{{cite journal|title=Proposed INN: List 91|journal=WHO Drug Information|date=2004|volume=18|issue=2|url=https://www.who.int/medicines/publications/druginformation/innlists/PL91.pdf?ua=1}}</ref> and recommended in 2005.<ref name=INN>{{cite journal|title=Recommended INN: List 53|journal=WHO Drug Information|date=2005|volume=19|issue=1|url=https://www.who.int/medicines/publications/druginformation/innlists/RL53.pdf?ua=1}}</ref>

In 2006 Alteon merged with a company called HaptoGuard that had cash and a potential diagnostic test for ]; as part of the merger Genentech, which held preferred shares in Alteon, converted their shares to common ones and received the right to get milestone payments and royalties on sales of alagebrium, and option rights to license ALT-2074.<ref name=10K2007/> In 2007, the company changed its name to Synvista Therapeutics, Inc.<ref name=10K2007>{{cite web|title=10-K For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/878903/000114420408019114/v108414_10k.htm|publisher=U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission|department=Synvista Therapeutics |via=SEC Edgar|date=15 March 2008}}</ref> Synvista announced that it was terminating clinical trials of alagebrium in January 2009 in order to focus on the diagnostic test and another clinical candidate SYI-2074 (formerly ALT-2074).<ref>{{cite news| vauthors = Myers C |title=Synvista Therapeutics Announces Termination of Clinical Trials of Alagebrium and SYI-2074 and Provides Business Update|url=http://www.fiercebiotech.com/biotech/synvista-therapeutics-announces-termination-of-clinical-trials-of-alagebrium-and-syi-2074|work=FierceBiotech|date=29 January 2009|language=en}}</ref> The company seems to have discontinued operations and their website is no longer available.

== See also ==
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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