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{{chembox {{Chembox
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 441020736 | verifiedrevid = 444471599
| Reference = <ref>http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/ProductDetail/FLUKA/09958 Chemical properties from Sigma-Adrich</ref>
| Reference = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/ProductDetail/FLUKA/09958 |title="+pageTitle+" |access-date=2007-07-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013165748/http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/ProductDetail/FLUKA/09958 |archive-date=2007-10-13 }} Chemical properties from Sigma-Adrich</ref>
| ImageFile = ammonium sulfamate.png | ImageFile = ammonium sulfamate.png
| ImageSize = 120px | ImageSize = 120px
| IUPACName = Ammonium sulfamate | IUPACName = Ammonium sulfamate
| OtherNames = Ammonium sulphamate | OtherNames = Ammonium sulphamate<br/> Ammate herbicide<ref name=PGCH/><br />Ammonium amidosulfonate<ref name=PGCH/>
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 22890 | ChemSpiderID = 22890
| InChI = 1/H3NO3S.H3N/c1-5(2,3)4;/h(H3,1,2,3,4);1H3 | InChI = 1/H3NO3S.H3N/c1-5(2,3)4;/h(H3,1,2,3,4);1H3
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| StdInChIKey = GEHMBYLTCISYNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N | StdInChIKey = GEHMBYLTCISYNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo = 7773-06-0 | CASNo = 7773-06-0
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
⚫ | PubChem = 24482
| RTECS = WO6125000 | UNII = 945C6IU09L
⚫ | PubChem = 24482
| RTECS = WO6125000
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}} | KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = C18773 | KEGG = C18773
}} }}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = H<sub>6</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>S | Formula = {{chem2|SO3NH2}}
| MolarMass = 114.125 g/mol | MolarMass = 114.125 g/mol
| Appearance = White solid | Appearance = White solid <br> ]
| Density = 1.8 g/cm<sup>3</sup> | Density = 1.8 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| MeltingPt = 131 °C | MeltingPtC = 131
| BoilingPt = 160 ºC decomp. | BoilingPtC = 160
| BoilingPt_notes = (decomposes)
| Solubility = very soluble | Solubility = very soluble
| SolubleOther = insoluble in ], ], ]
| SolubleOther = soluble in ], ], ] <br> slightly soluble in ] <br> insoluble in ], ], ]
| pKa = 6 | pKa = 6
}} }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalMSDS = | ExternalSDS =
⚫ | MainHazards = Irritant
| EUIndex = Not listed
⚫ | FlashPt = Non-flammable
⚫ | MainHazards = Irritant
⚫ | NFPA-H = 2
⚫ | FlashPt = Non-flammable
| NFPA-H = 2 | NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-F = 0 | NFPA-R = 0
| LD50 = 2000 mg/kg (oral, rat)<br/>3100 mg/kg (oral, mouse)<br/>3900 mg/kg (oral, rat)<br/>5760 mg/kg (oral, mouse)<ref>{{IDLH|7773060|Ammonium sulfamate}}</ref>
⚫ | NFPA-R = 0
| PEL = TWA 15 mg/m<sup>3</sup> (total) TWA 5 mg/m<sup>3</sup> (resp)<ref name=PGCH>{{PGCH|0030}}</ref>
| LD50 = 2000 mg/kg, oral (rat)
| REL = TWA 10 mg/m<sup>3</sup> (total) TWA 5 mg/m<sup>3</sup> (resp)<ref name=PGCH/>
⚫ }}
| IDLH = 1500 mg/m<sup>3</sup><ref name=PGCH/>
⚫ | Section8 = {{Chembox Related
⚫ | OtherAnions =
⚫ | OtherCations =
| OtherFunctn =
| Function =
| OtherCpds =
}} }}
⚫ |Section8={{Chembox Related
⚫ | OtherAnions =
⚫ | OtherCations =
| OtherFunction =
| OtherFunction_label =
| OtherCompounds =
⚫ }}
}} }}


'''Ammonium sulfamate''' (British spelling 'Ammonium sulphamate') is a white crystalline solid which is readily soluble in water. It is commonly used as a broad spectrum ], with additional uses as a compost accelerator and in industrial processes. '''Ammonium sulfamate''' (or '''ammonium sulphamate''') is a white crystalline solid, readily soluble in water. It is commonly used as a broad spectrum ], with additional uses as a ] accelerator, ] and in industrial processes.


==Manufacture and Distribution== ==Manufacture and distribution==
It is a salt formed from ] and ]. It is a salt formed from ] and ].


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==Uses== ==Uses==

===Herbicide=== ===Herbicide===
Ammonium sulfamate is considered to be particularly useful in controlling tough woody ]s, tree stumps and ]s. Ammonium sulfamate is considered to be particularly useful in controlling tough woody ]s, tree stumps and ]s.


Ammonium sulfamate has been successfully used in several major UK projects by organisations like the ], ], ],and various railway, canal and waterways authorities. Ammonium sulfamate has been successfully used in several major UK projects by organisations like the ], ], ], and various railway, canal and waterways authorities.


Several years ago the ] (known as Garden Organic), published an article on ammonium sulfamate after a successful set of herbicide trials. Though not approved for use by organic growers it does provide an option when alternatives have failed. Several years ago the ] (known as Garden Organic), published an article on ammonium sulfamate after a successful set of herbicide trials.{{fact|date=March 2021}} Though not approved for use by organic growers it does provide an option when alternatives have failed.


The following problem weeds / plants can be controlled: The following problem weeds / plants can be controlled:
* Japanese Knotweed (''Fallopia japonica var japonica'') Japanese Knotweed ('']'', ] ''Fallopia japonica''),
* Marestail / Horsetail (''Equisetum'') Marestail / Horsetail ('']''),
* Ground-elder Ground-elder ('']''),
* Rhododendron Ponticum '']'',
* Brambles Brambles,
* Brushwood Brushwood,
Ivy ('']'' species),
* Ivy
* Senecio/Ragwort ]/Ragwort,
* ] (''Armillaria'') ] (''Armillaria''), and
* Felled Tree Stumps and most other tough woody specimens felled tree stumps and most other tough woody specimens.{{fact|date=March 2021}}


⚫ ===Compost accelerator===
{{Howto|section|date=March 2010}}
⚫ Ammonium sulfamate is used as a composting accelerator in horticultural settings. It is especially effective in breaking down the tougher and woodier weeds put onto the compost heap.
====General Application====
A typical treatment would be as a foliar spray of 1 kilogram in 5 litres of water over 10 square metres (2lbs in 1 gallon over 100 square feet). The addition of a small amount of washing up liquid to the spray solution acts as a ] to help cut though the natural oils on the foliage. Children and animals need not be excluded from treated areas. Once applied it is slowly (typically 3-4 months in a mild climate) converted in the soil to the useful fertilizer ] (ammonium sulphate). New plants should not be sown until this process is completed.


====Rhododendron Ponticum==== ===Flame retardant===
Ammonium sulfamate (like other ammonium salts, e.g. ], ]) is a useful ].<ref name="BF">
The UK Government's 'Forest Research' recommend the application of a 40% solution to the fresh cut stumps or as a foliar spray.


{{Citation
====Japanese Knotweed====
| last1 = Bidlack
Japanese Knotweed is subject to legal controls in the UK and ammonium sulfamate is one of the few products that will provide effective treatment. It should be cut back to leave 300mm (12 inch) high canes and have a 400gram per litre solution injected down the stalk. Placing a pile of Ammonium Sulfamate crystals immediately on top of a freshly cut crown head is also a method often used.
| first1 = Verne C.
| last2 = Fasig
| first2 = Edgar W.
| title = Paint and Varnish Production Manual
| publisher = John Wiley & Sons
| orig-year = 1951
| year = 1951
| chapter = 10
| page = 275
}}</ref> These salt based flame retardants offer advantages over other metal/mineral-based flame retardants in that they are water processable. Their relatively low decomposition temperature makes them suitable for flame retarding cellulose based materials (paper/wood). Ammonium sulfamate (like ]) is sometimes used in conjunction with ] or ] (in ratios of approximately 2:1) for enhanced flame retardant properties.


====Honey Fungus==== ===Other uses===
⚫ Within industry ammonium sulfamate is used as a flame retardant, a ] and in ]. Within the laboratory it is used as a reagent.
The HDRA has given advice about Armillaria and the use of ammonium sulfamate, as has the ] (RHS). Once honey fungus has been confirmed, first dig up and destroy all dead/dying woody plants, removing the stump and as much of the root system as possible. Then, if removal of a stump is impossible, the stump can ground, or chipped, up by a contractor. The resulting woodchips should be burned or disposed of outside the garden, not used as a mulch. As a last resort, a stump can be treated with ammonium sulfamate (a stump killer sold as Root Out) which will kill it and hasten its decay.<ref>http://www.daxproducts.co.uk Dax Products website, makers of Root Out</ref>


⚫ ==Safety==
⚫ ===Compost Accelerator===
⚫ Ammonium sulfamate is considered to be only slightly ] to humans and other animals, making it appropriate for amateur home garden, professional and forestry uses.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://extoxnet.orst.edu/pips/ammosulf.htm|title=Pesticide Information Profiles : Ammonium sulfamate|work=EXTOXNET Extension Toxicology Network|publisher=files maintained and archived at Oregon State University|date=June 1996|access-date=Mar 21, 2010}}</ref> It is generally accepted to be safe for use on plots of land that will be used for growing fruit and vegetables intended for consumption.
⚫ Ammonium sulfamate is used as a compost accelerator. It is especially effective in breaking down the tougher and woodier weeds put onto the compost heap.


It corrodes brass, copper, and iron. Its contact with eyes or skin can be harmful unless it is quickly washed off.<ref>Sunset Western Garden Book (1954), p.69</ref>
===Other Uses===
⚫ Within industry ammonium sulfamate is used as a flame retardant, a plasticiser and in electro-plating. Within the laboratory it is used as a reagent.


In the United States, the ] has set a ] at 15&nbsp;mg/m<sup>3</sup> over an eight-hour time-weighted average, while the ] recommends exposures no greater than 10&nbsp;mg/m<sup>3</sup> over an eight-hour time-weighted average.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0030.html|title=Ammonium sulfamate|work=NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards|publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|date=April 4, 2011|access-date=November 18, 2013}}</ref> These occupational exposure limits are protective values, given the ] concentration is set at 1500&nbsp;mg/m<sup>3</sup>.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/7773060.html|title=Ammonium sulfamate|work=Documentation for Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentrations (IDLHs)|publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|date=May 1994|access-date=November 18, 2013}}</ref>
⚫ ==Safety==
⚫ Ammonium sulfamate is considered to be slightly ] to humans and animals, making it appropriate for amateur home garden, professional and forestry uses.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://extoxnet.orst.edu/pips/ammosulf.htm|title=Pesticide Information Profiles : Ammonium sulfamate|work=EXTOXNET Extension Toxicology Network|publisher=files maintained and archived at Oregon State University|date=June 1996|accessdate=Mar 21, 2010}}</ref> It is generally accepted to be safe for use on plots of land that will be used for growing fruit and vegetables intended for consumption.


It is also considered to be environmentally friendly due to its degradation to non-harmful residues. It is also considered to be environmentally friendly due to its degradation to non-harmful residues.


===European Union Licensing=== ===European Union licensing===
The pesticides review by the European Union led to based herbicides containing ammonium sulfamate becoming unlicensed, and therefore effectively banned, from 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pesticides.gov.uk/garden.asp?id=1997|title=Amateur products withdrawn from the market containing ammonium sulphamate|publisher=]|accessdate=Mar 21, 2010}}</ref> This situation arose as the Irish Rapporteur refused to review the data supplied unless it contained details of animal testing on dogs.{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}} As there was already substantial animal data within the package supplied the data pack holder felt further tests without substantiation would cause unnecessary animal suffering. Its licence was not withdrawn on grounds of safety of efficacy.{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}} The pesticides review by the European Union led to herbicides containing ammonium sulfamate becoming unlicensed, and therefore effectively banned, from 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pesticides.gov.uk/garden.asp?id=1997|title=Amateur products withdrawn from the market containing ammonium sulphamate|publisher=]|access-date=Mar 21, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091113071628/http://www.pesticides.gov.uk/garden.asp?id=1997|archive-date=2009-11-13|url-status=dead}}</ref>


Its availability and use as a compost accelerator is unaffected by the EU's pesticide legislation. Its availability and use as a compost accelerator is unaffected by the EU's pesticide legislation.

==See also==
* ]


==References== ==References==
<references/> <references/>

{{Ammonium salts}}


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