| Revision as of 04:40, 17 February 2012 editBeetstra (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Administrators172,071 edits Saving copy of the {{chembox}} taken from revid 477282832 of page Antimony_pentachloride for the Chem/Drugbox validation project (updated: ''). |
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{{short description|Chemical compound}} |
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{{ambox | text = This page contains a copy of the infobox ({{tl|chembox}}) taken from revid of page ] with values updated to verified values.}} |
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{{chembox |
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{{chembox |
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|Verifiedfields = changed |
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| verifiedrevid = 445184779 |
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|Watchedfields = changed |
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| Name = Antimony pentachloride |
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|verifiedrevid = 477313723 |
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| ImageFileL1 = Antimony-pentachloride-3D-balls.png |
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|Name = Antimony pentachloride |
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| ImageSizeL1 = 120 |
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| ImageNameL1 = Antimony pentachloride |
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|ImageFileL1 = Antimony-pentachloride-3D-balls.png |
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|ImageSizeL1 = 100 |
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| ImageFileR1 = SbCl5-dimensions-by-ED-from-CRC-91-2D.png |
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|ImageNameL1 = Antimony pentachloride |
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| ImageSizeR1 = 150 |
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|ImageFileR1 = SbCl5-dimensions-by-ED-from-CRC-91-2D.png |
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| IUPACName = Antimony pentachloride<br/>Antimony(V) chloride |
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|ImageSizeR1 = 120 |
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| OtherNames = Antimonic chloride<br/>Antimony quintachloride<br/>Antimony perchloride |
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|ImageFile2 = Antimony pentachloride in an ampoule.jpg |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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|ImageSize2 = 200px |
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| SMILES = ..... |
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|IUPACName = Antimony pentachloride<br/>Antimony(V) chloride |
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| InChI = 1/5ClH.Sb.3H/h5*1H;;;;/q;;;;;+3;;;/p-5/r5ClH.H3Sb/h5*1H;1H3/q;;;;;+3/p-5 |
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|OtherNames = Antimonic chloride<br/>Antimony perchloride |
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| InChIKey = KUGFODPTKMDJNG-MEZDTJOHAL |
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|Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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| InChI1 = 1/5ClH.Sb/h5*1H;/q;;;;;+3/p-5 |
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|SMILES = ..... |
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| InChIKey1 = PZVOXSCNPLCIRA-AACRGIKGAS |
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|InChI = 1/5ClH.Sb.3H/h5*1H;;;;/q;;;;;+3;;;/p-5/r5ClH.H3Sb/h5*1H;1H3/q;;;;;+3/p-5 |
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| SMILES1 = ..... |
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|InChIKey = KUGFODPTKMDJNG-MEZDTJOHAL |
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| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChI = 1S/5ClH.Sb/h5*1H;/q;;;;;+3/p-5 |
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|InChI1 = 1/5ClH.Sb/h5*1H;/q;;;;;+3/p-5 |
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|InChIKey1 = PZVOXSCNPLCIRA-AACRGIKGAS |
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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|SMILES1 = ..... |
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| StdInChIKey = PZVOXSCNPLCIRA-UHFFFAOYSA-I |
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|StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| CASNo = 7647-18-9 |
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|StdInChI = 1S/5ClH.Sb/h5*1H;/q;;;;;+3/p-5 |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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|StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| EINECS = 231-601-8 |
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|StdInChIKey = PZVOXSCNPLCIRA-UHFFFAOYSA-I |
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| RTECS = CC5075000 |
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|CASNo = 7647-18-9 |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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|CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| ChemSpiderID = 10613049 |
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|UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
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|UNII = 0S9308207L |
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|EINECS = 231-601-8 |
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|RTECS = CC5075000 |
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|ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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|ChemSpiderID = 10613049 |
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|PubChem = 24294 |
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}} |
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}} |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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|Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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|Sb=1 | Cl=5 |
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| Formula = SbCl<sub>5</sub> |
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|Appearance = colorless or reddish-yellow (fuming) liquid, oily |
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| MolarMass = 299.02 g/mol |
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|Odor = pungent, offensive |
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| Appearance = Colourless or yellow (fuming) liquid |
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| Density = 2.336 g/cm<sup>3</sup> |
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|Density = 2.336 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (20 °C)<ref name=inchem /><br> 2.36 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (25 °C)<ref name="sigma" /> |
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| Solubility = decomposes |
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|Solubility = reacts |
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| SolubleOther = soluble in ], ] and ] |
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|SolubleOther = soluble in ], ], ], ], ], ] |
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|Solubility1 = 62.97 g/100 g (25 °C) |
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| MeltingPtC = 2.8 |
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|Solvent1 = selenium(IV) oxychloride |
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| BoilingPtC = 140 |
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|MeltingPtC = 2.8 |
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| pKa = |
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| pKb = |
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|BoilingPtC = 140 |
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|BoilingPt_notes = <br> decomposes from 106 °C<ref name=chemister>{{Cite web | url=http://chemister.ru/Database/properties-en.php?dbid=1&id=1979 |title = Antimony(V) chloride}}</ref><br> {{convert|79|C|F K}}<br> at 22 mmHg<ref name=inchem>{{Cite web | url=http://www.inchem.org/documents/ukpids/ukpids/ukpid36.htm | title=Antimony pentachloride (UK PID)}}</ref><br> {{convert|92|C|F K}}<br> at 30 mmHg<ref name="sigma" /> |
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| Viscosity = 0.00191 Pa s (35 °C) |
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|Viscosity = 2.034 cP (29.4 °C)<ref name=inchem /><br> 1.91 cP (35 °C) |
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| RefractIndex = 1.59255 |
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|RefractIndex = 1.59255 |
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}} |
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|VaporPressure = 0.16 kPa (25 °C)<br> 4 kPa (40 °C)<br> 7.7 kPa (100 °C)<ref name=nist>{{nist|name=Antimony pentachloride|id=C7647189|accessdate=2014-05-29|mask=FFFF|units=SI}}</ref> |
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| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure |
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|MagSus = -120.0·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol |
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| MolShape = Trigonal bipyramidal |
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| CrystalStruct = |
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| Dipole = 0 ] |
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}} |
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| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |
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| ExternalMSDS = |
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| EUIndex = 051-002-00-3 |
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| EUClass = Corrosive ('''C''')<br/>Dangerous for the environment ('''N''') |
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| RPhrases = {{R34}}, {{R51/53}} |
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| SPhrases = {{S1/2}}, {{S26}}, {{S45}}, {{S61}} |
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| NFPA-H = 3 |
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| NFPA-F = 0 |
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| NFPA-R = 1 |
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| NFPA-O = W |
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| FlashPt = 77 °C |
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| LD50 = 1115 mg/kg, oral (rat) |
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}} |
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| Section8 = {{Chembox Related |
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| OtherAnions = ] |
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| OtherCations =] |
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| OtherCpds = ] |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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|Section3 = {{Chembox Structure |
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|MolShape = Trigonal bipyramidal |
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|Dipole = 0 ] |
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}} |
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|Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry |
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|Thermochemistry_ref = <ref name=chemister /> |
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|HeatCapacity = 120.9 J/mol·K (gas) |
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|Entropy = 295 J/mol·K |
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|DeltaHf = -437.2 kJ/mol |
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|DeltaGf = -345.35 kJ/mol |
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}} |
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|Section5 = {{Chembox Hazards |
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|GHSPictograms = {{GHS05}} {{GHS09}} |
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|GHS_ref = <ref name="sigma">{{Sigma-Aldrich|id=451673|name=Antimony(V) chloride|accessdate=2014-05-29}}</ref> |
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|GHSSignalWord = Danger |
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|HPhrases = {{H-phrases|314|411}} |
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|PPhrases = {{P-phrases|273|280|305+351+338|310}} |
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|NFPA-H = 4 |
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|NFPA-F = 0 |
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|NFPA-R = 1 |
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|NFPA-S = W |
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|FlashPtC = 77 |
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|LD50 = 1115 mg/kg, (rat, oral)<ref name=chemister /> |
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|InhalationHazard = Toxic |
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|REL = TWA 0.5 mg/m<sup>3</sup> (as Sb)<ref name=PGCH>{{PGCH|0036}}</ref> |
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|PEL = TWA 0.5 mg/m<sup>3</sup> (as Sb)<ref name=PGCH/> |
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}} |
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|Section6 = {{Chembox Related |
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|OtherAnions = ] |
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|OtherCations =] |
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|OtherCompounds = ] |
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}} |
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}} |
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'''Antimony pentachloride''' is a chemical compound with the formula SbCl<sub>5</sub>. It is a colourless oil, but typical samples are yellowish due to dissolved ]. Owing to its tendency to ] to ], SbCl<sub>5</sub> is a highly corrosive substance and must be stored in glass or ] containers. |
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==Preparation and structure== |
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Antimony pentachloride is prepared by passing ] into molten ]: |
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:SbCl<sub>3</sub> + Cl<sub>2</sub> → SbCl<sub>5</sub> |
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Gaseous SbCl<sub>5</sub> has a trigonal bipyramidal structure.<ref>{{Greenwood&Earnshaw2nd}}</ref> |
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==Reactions== |
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This compounds reacts with ] to form ] and ]:<ref>Pradyot Patnaik. ''Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals''. McGraw-Hill, 2002, {{ISBN|0-07-049439-8}}</ref> |
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:2 SbCl<sub>5</sub> + 5 H<sub>2</sub>O → Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> + 10 HCl |
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The mono- and tetrahydrates are known, SbCl<sub>5</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O and SbCl<sub>5</sub>·4H<sub>2</sub>O. |
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This compound forms adducts with many Lewis bases. SbCl<sub>5</sub> is a ] and its ] parameters are E<sub>A</sub> = 3.64 and C<sub>A</sub> = 10.42. It is used as the standard Lewis acid in the ].<ref>{{cite journal | author = V. Gutmann | journal = ] | volume = 18 | year = 1976 | pages = 225–255 | doi = 10.1016/S0010-8545(00)82045-7 | title = Solvent effects on the reactivities of organometallic compounds | issue = 2}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Cramer, R. E. |author2=Bopp, T. T. |year=1977|title= Graphical display of the enthalpies of adduct formation for Lewis acids and bases |journal= Journal of Chemical Education |volume=54|pages=612–613|doi= 10.1021/ed054p612}} The plots shown in this paper used older parameters. Improved E&C parameters are listed in ].</ref> |
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It is also a strong ].<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Connelly, N. G. |author2=Geiger, W. E. | title = Chemical Redox Agents for Organometallic Chemistry | journal = ] | year = 1996 | volume = 96 |issue=2 | pages = 877–922 | doi = 10.1021/cr940053x | pmid = 11848774}}</ref> For example aromatic ethers are oxidized to their radical cations according to the following stoichiometry:<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1021/jo980407a|title=Preparation and Structures of Crystalline Aromatic Cation-Radical Salts. Triethyloxonium Hexachloroantimonate as a Novel (One-Electron) Oxidant|year=1998|last1=Rathore|first1=R.|last2=Kumar|first2=A. S.|last3=Lindeman|first3=S. V.|last4=Kochi|first4=J. K.|journal=The Journal of Organic Chemistry|volume=63|issue=17|pages=5847–5856|pmid=11672186|url=https://epublications.marquette.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1696&context=chem_fac}}</ref> |
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:3{{nbsp}}SbCl<sub>5</sub> + 2 ArH → 2{{nbsp}}(ArH+)(SbCl<sub>6</sub><sup>−</sup>) + SbCl<sub>3</sub> |
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==Applications== |
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Antimony pentachloride is used as a ] ] and for the ] of organic compounds. |
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==Precautions== |
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Antimony pentachloride is a highly corrosive substance that should be stored away from heat and moisture. It is a chlorinating agent and, in the presence of moisture, it releases hydrogen chloride gas. Because of this, it may etch even stainless-steel tools (such as needles), if handled in a moist atmosphere. It should not be handled with non-fluorinated plastics (such as plastic syringes, plastic septa, or needles with plastic fittings), since it melts and carbonizes plastic materials.<ref>Shekarchi, M.; Behbahani, F. K ''Catal. Lett.'' '''2017''' ''147'' 2950. doi:10.1007/s10562-017-2194-2</ref> |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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{{Commons category|Antimony pentachloride}} |
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{{Antimony compounds}} |
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{{Chlorides}} |
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] |
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] |
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] |
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] |