| Revision as of 16:37, 23 July 2011 editMartinBotIII (talk | contribs)136,346 editsm fix MSDS link (ilo.org) using AWB← Previous edit |
Latest revision as of 13:05, 11 September 2024 edit undoMarbletan (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users5,256 editsm →Production |
| (51 intermediate revisions by 31 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
|
{{chembox |
|
{{chembox |
|
|
| Verifiedfields = changed |
| ⚫ |
| verifiedrevid = 401956055 |
|
|
|
| Watchedfields = changed |
|
⚫ |
| verifiedrevid = 441022733 |
|
| ImageFileL1_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}} |
|
| ImageFileL1_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}} |
|
| ImageFileL1 = Chlorotrifluoromethane-2D.svg |
|
| ImageFileL1 = Chlorotrifluoromethane-2D.svg |
| Line 6: |
Line 8: |
|
| ImageFileR1 = Chlorotrifluoromethane-3D-vdW.png |
|
| ImageFileR1 = Chlorotrifluoromethane-3D-vdW.png |
|
| ImageSizeR1 = |
|
| ImageSizeR1 = |
|
|
| PIN = Chloro(trifluoro)methane <!-- Parentheses are used according to Subsection P-16.5.1.3 of Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry – IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book) --> |
|
| IUPACName = Chlorotrifluoromethane |
|
|
| OtherNames = Monochlorotrifluoromethane, Trifluorochloromethane, Trifluoromethyl chloride, Trifluoromonochlorocarbon, Arcton 3, Freon 13, Genetron 13, R-13, CFC 13, UN 1022 |
|
| OtherNames = Chlorotrifluoromethane<br />Monochlorotrifluoromethane<br />Trifluorochloromethane<br />Trifluoromethyl chloride<br />Trifluoromonochlorocarbon<br />Arcton 3<br />Freon 13<br />Genetron 13<br />R-13<br />CFC 13<br />UN 1022 |
|
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
|
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers |
|
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
|
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
|
| ChemSpiderID = 6152 |
|
| ChemSpiderID = 6152 |
|
| InChIKey = AFYPFACVUDMOHA-UHFFFAOYAV |
|
| InChIKey = AFYPFACVUDMOHA-UHFFFAOYAV |
| Line 17: |
Line 19: |
|
| StdInChIKey = AFYPFACVUDMOHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
|
| StdInChIKey = AFYPFACVUDMOHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
|
| CASNo = 75-72-9 |
|
| CASNo = 75-72-9 |
|
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
|
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
|
|
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}} |
|
| EINECS = 200-894-4 |
|
|
| PubChem = 6392 |
|
| UNII = 7C6U91JNED |
|
| SMILES = ClC(F)(F)F |
|
| EINECS = 200-894-4 |
|
|
| PubChem = 6392 |
| ⚫ |
| InChI = 1/CClF3/c2-1(3,4)5 |
|
|
| RTECS = PA6410000 |
|
| SMILES = ClC(F)(F)F |
|
⚫ |
| InChI = 1/CClF3/c2-1(3,4)5 |
|
|
| RTECS = PA6410000 |
|
}} |
|
}} |
|
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
|
|Section2={{Chembox Properties |
|
| Formula = CClF<sub>3</sub> |
|
| Formula = CClF<sub>3</sub> |
|
| MolarMass = 104.46 g/mol |
|
| MolarMass = 104.46 g/mol |
|
| Appearance = Colorless gas with sweet odor |
|
| Appearance = Colorless gas with sweet odor |
|
| Density = 1.526 g/cm<sup>3</sup> |
|
| Density = 1.526 g/cm<sup>3</sup> |
|
| MeltingPt = -181 °C (91.2 K) |
|
| MeltingPtC = -181 |
|
|
| MeltingPt_notes = |
|
| BoilingPt = -81.5 °C (191.7 K) |
|
|
|
| BoilingPtC = -81.5 |
| ⚫ |
| Solubility = 0.009 % at 25 °C |
|
|
|
| BoilingPt_notes = |
| ⚫ |
| VaporPressure = 3.263 MPa at 21 °C |
|
|
⚫ |
| Solubility = 0.009% at {{convert|25|C}} |
|
⚫ |
| VaporPressure = 3.263 MPa at {{convert|21|C}} |
|
|
| ThermalConductivity = 0.01217 W m<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup> (300 K)<ref>Touloukian, Y.S., Liley, P.E., and Saxena, S.C. Thermophysical properties of matter - the TPRC data series. Volume 3. Thermal conductivity - nonmetallic liquids and gases. Data book. 1970.</ref> |
|
}} |
|
}} |
|
| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards |
|
|Section3={{Chembox Hazards |
|
| ExternalMSDS = |
|
| ExternalSDS = |
|
⚫ |
| MainHazards = Ozone depletor and asphyxiant |
|
| EUIndex = Not listed |
|
|
⚫ |
| NFPA-H = |
| ⚫ |
| MainHazards = Ozone depletor |
|
|
| RPhrases = |
|
| NFPA-F = |
|
| SPhrases = |
|
| NFPA-R = |
|
| NFPA-H = |
|
| NFPA-S = |
|
⚫ |
| FlashPt = Non-flammable |
| ⚫ |
| NFPA-F = |
|
|
| NFPA-R = |
|
|
| NFPA-O = |
|
| ⚫ |
| FlashPt = Non-flammable |
|
|
}} |
|
}} |
|
}} |
|
}} |
|
|
|
|
|
'''Chlorotrifluoromethane''', '''R-13''', '''CFC-13''', or '''Freon 13''', is a non-flammable, non-corrosive ] (CFC) and also a mixed ]. It is used as a ], however, due to concerns about its ozone-depleting potential, its use has been phased out due to the ]. |
|
'''Chlorotrifluoromethane''', '''R-13''', '''CFC-13''', or '''Freon 13''', is a non-flammable, non-corrosive, nontoxic ] (CFC) and also a mixed ]. It is a man-made substance used primarily as a ]. When released into the environment, CFC-13 has a high ], and long ].<ref name=Ull>{{Ullmann|first1=Günter |last1=Siegemund |first2=Werner |last2=Schwertfeger |first3=Andrew |last3=Feiring |first4=Bruce |last4=Smart |first5=Fred |last5=Behr |first6=Herward |last6=Vogel |first7=Blaine |last7=McKusick |title=Fluorine Compounds, Organic |year=2002 |doi=10.1002/14356007.a11_349}}</ref> Only a few other ]es surpass CFC-13 in ] (GWP).<ref name="VollmerMartin_20171010"/>{{rp|2}} The ] AR5 reported that CFC-13's ] was 640 years.<ref name="ar5"/> |
|
|
|
|
|
==Production== |
|
|
CFC-13{{emdash}}like all chlorofluorocarbon compounds{{emdash}}contains atoms of ] (C), ] (Cl), and ] (F).<ref name="Ashworth_20230403">{{Cite magazine |last=Ashworth |first=James |title = Mystery emissions of ozone-damaging gases are fuelling climate change |magazine=Natural History Museum | access-date = April 3, 2023 |date=April 3, 2023| url = https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/news/2023/april/mystery-emissions-ozone-damaging-gases-fuelling-climate-change.html}}</ref><ref name="NOAA_Elkins_2013">{{Cite press release |first=James.W. |last=Elkins | via = US Department of Commerce and NOAA |work=NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory | title = Halocarbons and other Atmospheric Trace Species| access-date = April 3, 2023 |date=2013 | url = https://gml.noaa.gov/hats/about/cfc.html}}</ref> |
|
|
|
|
|
It can be prepared by reacting carbon tetrachloride with hydrogen fluoride in the presence of a ] amount of ]: |
|
|
|
|
|
:CCl<sub>4</sub> + 3 HF → CClF<sub>3</sub> + 3 HCl |
|
|
|
|
|
This reaction can also produce ] (CCl<sub>3</sub>F), ] (CCl<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub>) and ] (CF<sub>4</sub>).<ref>{{Greenwood&Earnshaw2nd|page=304}}</ref> |
|
|
|
|
|
==Montreal Protocol== |
|
|
{{main|Montreal Protocol}} |
|
|
Following the unanimous ratification of the 1987 ]{{emdash}}in response to concerns about the role of concentrations of ] (CFCs) in ]-depletion in the ]{{emdash}}a process was put into place to gradually phase out and replace CFC-13 and all the other CFCs.<ref name="Allen_20230403">{{Cite news |first=Kate |last=Allen | title = Remember ozone-destroying CFCs? They're on the rise again. And the source is a mystery| work = The Star | access-date = April 3, 2023 | date = April 3, 2023 | url = https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2023/04/03/remember-ozone-destroying-cfcs-theyre-on-the-rise-again-and-the-source-is-a-mystery.html}}</ref> Research in the 1980s said that these man-made CFC compound compounds had opened a hole in ozone layer in the upper atmosphere or stratosphere that protects life on earth from ].<ref name="Ashworth_20230403"/> |
|
|
|
|
|
CFC-13's ] (ODP) is high{{emdash}} 1<ref name=EPAodsC1/> (] = 1){{emdash}}it is categorized as a Class I in the IPCC's list of ozone-depleting substances.<ref name=EPAodsC1>{{Cite web|url=http://www.epa.gov/Ozone/science/ods/classone.html |title=Class I Ozone-depleting Substances |year=2007 |work=Science - Ozone Layer Protection |publisher=US EPA |access-date=2010-12-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101210101528/http://www.epa.gov/ozone/science/ods/classone.html |archive-date=2010-12-10 }}</ref> CFC-13's radiative efficiency is high which results in a high ] (GWPs) of 13 900 GWP-100 yr that is "surpassed by very few other greenhouse gases."<ref name="VollmerMartin_20171010">{{cite journal |last1=Vollmer |first1= Martin |last2=Young |first2= Dickon |last3=Trudinger |first3= Cathy |last4=Mühle |first4= Jens |last5=Henne |first5= Stephan |last6=Rigby |first6= Matt |last7=Park |first7= Sunyoung |last8=Li |first8= Shihong |last9=Guillevic |first9= Myriam |last10=Mitrevski |first10= Blagoj |last11=Harth |first11= Christina |last12=Miller |first12= Benjamin |last13=Reimann |first13= Stefan |last14=Yao |first14= Bo |last15=Steele |first15= L. |last16=Wyss |first16= Simon |last17=Lunder |first17= Chris |last18=Arduini |first18= Jgor |last19=McCulloch |first19= Archie |last20=Simmonds |first20= Peter |date=October 10, 2017 |number=39 |title=Atmospheric histories and emissions of chlorofluorocarbons CFC-13 (CClF3), CFC-114 (C2Cl2F4), and CFC-115 (C2ClF5) |volume= 2017 |doi=10.5194/acp-2017-935 |journal=]|hdl=1721.1/116270 |hdl-access=free |doi-access= free }}</ref> It is categorized as a Class I in the list of ozone-depleting Substances.<ref name=EPAodsC1/>{{rp|2}} |
|
|
|
|
|
===Increase in atmospheric abundance of CFC-13 in 2010s=== |
|
|
Starting in the 2010s, despite a global ban on the production of CFCs, five of these ozone-damaging emissions were on the rise.<ref name="Ashworth_20230403"/> |
|
|
|
|
|
The atmospheric abundance of CFC-13 rose from 3.0 parts per trillion (ppt) in year 2010 to 3.3 ppt in year 2020 based on analysis of air samples gathered from sites around the world.<ref name="agage">{{cite web |url=https://agage.mit.edu/data/agage-data |title=AGAGE Data and Figures |publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology |accessdate=2021-02-11}}</ref> |
|
|
Contrary to the Montreal Protocol, the atmospheric emissions of CFC-13 and four other ] (CFCs), increased between 2010 and 2020.<ref name="Nature_Western_2023">{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1038/s41561-023-01147-w| issn = 1752-0908| pages = 309–313| last1 = Western| first1 = Luke M.| last2 = Vollmer| first2 = Martin K.| last3 = Krummel| first3 = Paul B.| last4 = Adcock| first4 = Karina E.| last5 = Fraser| first5 = Paul J.| last6 = Harth| first6 = Christina M.| last7 = Langenfelds| first7 = Ray L.| last8 = Montzka| first8 = Stephen A.| last9 = Mühle| first9 = Jens| last10 = O’Doherty| first10 = Simon| last11 = Oram| first11 = David E.| last12 = Reimann| first12 = Stefan| last13 = Rigby| first13 = Matt| last14 = Vimont| first14 = Isaac| last15 = Weiss| first15 = Ray F.| last16 = Young| first16 = Dickon| last17 = Laube| first17 = Johannes C.| title = Global increase of ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons from 2010 to 2020| journal = Nature Geoscience| access-date = April 3, 2023 | date = April 3, 2023 | volume = 16| issue = 4| bibcode = 2023NatGe..16..309W| hdl = 1983/9e103fef-e61c-49c7-a1a3-902540ec1d7c| s2cid = 257941769| url = https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-023-01147-w| hdl-access = free}}</ref> |
|
|
|
|
|
As of 2023, the drivers behind the increase in CFC-13 and ] emissions were not certain.<ref name="Nature_Western_2023"/> |
|
|
|
|
|
==Physical properties== |
|
==Physical properties== |
|
|
|
|
|
The ] AR5 reported that CFC-13's ] was 640 years.<ref name="IPCC_AR4_Forster_2007">{{Cite journal| last1 = Forster| first1 = Piers| last2 = Ramaswamy| first2 = Venkatachalam| last3 = Artaxo| first3 = Paulo| last4 = Berntsen| first4 = Terje| last5 = Betts| first5 = Richard| last6 = Fahey| first6 = David W| last7 = Haywood| first7 = James| last8 = Lean| first8 = Judith| last9 = Lowe| first9 = David C| last10 = Raga| first10 = Graciela| last11 = Schulz| first11 = Michael| last12 = Dorland| first12 = Robert Van| last13 = Bodeker| first13 = G| last14 = Etheridge| first14 = D| last15 = Foukal| first15 = P| last16 = Fraser| first16 = P| last17 = Geller| first17 = M| last18 = Joos| first18 = F| last19 = Keeling| first19 = C D| last20 = Keeling| first20 = R| last21 = Kinne| first21 = S| last22 = Lassey| first22 = K| last23 = Oram| first23 = D| last24 = O’Shaughnessy| first24 = K| last25 = Ramankutty| first25 = N| last26 = Reid| first26 = G| last27 = Rind| first27 = D| last28 = Rosenlof| first28 = K| last29 = Sausen| first29 = R| last30 = Schwarzkopf| first30 = D| last31 = Solanki| first31 = S K| last32 = Stenchikov| first32 = G| last33 = Stuber| first33 = N| last34 = Takemura| first34 = T| last35 = Textor| first35 = C| last36 = Wang| first36 = R| last37 = Weiss| first37 = R| last38 = Whorf| first38 = T| last39 = Nakajima| first39 = Teruyuki| last40 = Ramanathan| first40 = Veerabhadran| last41 = Ramaswamy| first41 = V| last42 = Artaxo| first42 = P| last43 = Berntsen| first43 = T| last44 = Betts| first44 = R| last45 = Fahey| first45 = D W| last46 = Haywood| first46 = J| last47 = Lean| first47 = J| last48 = Lowe| first48 = D C| last49 = Myhre| first49 = G| last50 = Nganga| first50 = J| last51 = Prinn| first51 = R| last52 = Raga| first52 = G| last53 = Schulz| first53 = M| last54 = Dorland| first54 = R Van| title = Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing |series=AR4 Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis |journal=International Panel of Climate Change (IPCC) }}</ref> |
|
|
|
|
{| class="wikitable" |
|
{| class="wikitable" |
|
! Property |
|
! Property |
|
! Value |
|
! Value |
|
|- |
|
|- |
|
| ] (ρ) at -127.8 °C (liquid) |
|
| ] (ρ) at -127.8 °C (liquid) |
|
| 1.603 g.cm<sup>-3</sup> |
|
| 1.603 g⋅cm<sup>−3</sup> |
|
|- |
|
|- |
|
| ] (ρ) at boiling point (gas) |
|
| ] (ρ) at boiling point (gas) |
|
| 6.94 kg.m<sup>-3</sup> |
|
| 6.94 kg⋅m<sup>−3</sup> |
|
|- |
|
|- |
|
| ] (ρ) at 15 °C (gas) |
|
| ] (ρ) at 15 °C (gas) |
|
| 4.41 g.cm<sup>-3</sup> |
|
| 4.41 g⋅cm<sup>−3</sup> |
|
|- |
|
|- |
|
| ] temperature (T<sub>t</sub>) |
|
| ] temperature (T<sub>t</sub>) |
|
|
| |
|
| -181 °C (92 K) |
|
|-181 °C (92 K) |
|
|- |
|
|- |
|
| ] (T<sub>c</sub>) |
|
| ] (T<sub>c</sub>) |
|
| 28.8 °C (302 K) |
|
| 28.8 °C (302 K) |
|
|- |
|
|- |
|
| Critical pressure (p<sub>c</sub>) |
|
| Critical pressure (p<sub>c</sub>) |
| Line 74: |
Line 105: |
|
|- |
|
|- |
|
| Critical density (ρ<sub>c</sub>) |
|
| Critical density (ρ<sub>c</sub>) |
|
| 5.5 mol.l<sup>-1</sup> |
|
| 5.5 mol⋅L<sup>−1</sup> |
|
|- |
|
|- |
|
| ] at boiling point |
|
| ] at boiling point |
|
| 149.85 kJ.kg<sup>-1</sup> |
|
| 149.85 kJ⋅kg<sup>−1</sup> |
|
|- |
|
|- |
|
| ] at constant pressure (C<sub>p</sub>) at -34.4 °C |
|
| ] at constant pressure (C<sub>p</sub>) at -34.4 °C |
|
| 0.06 kJ.mol<sup>-1</sup>.K<sup>-1</sup> |
|
| 0.06 kJ⋅mol<sup>−1</sup>⋅K<sup>−1</sup> |
|
|- |
|
|- |
|
| ] at constant volume (C<sub>V</sub>) at -34.4 °C |
|
| ] at constant volume (C<sub>V</sub>) at -34.4 °C |
|
| 0.051 kJ.mol<sup>-1</sup>.K<sup>-1</sup> |
|
| 0.051 kJ⋅mol<sup>−1</sup>⋅K<sup>−1</sup> |
|
|- |
|
|- |
|
| ] (к) at -34.4 °C |
|
| ] (к) at -34.4 °C |
|
| 1.168016 |
|
| 1.168016 |
|
|- |
|
|- |
|
| ] (Z) at 15 °C |
|
| ] (Z) at 15 °C |
|
| 0.9896 |
|
| 0.9896 |
|
|- |
|
|- |
| Line 94: |
Line 125: |
|
| 0.17166 |
|
| 0.17166 |
|
|- |
|
|- |
|
| ] (η) at 0 °C (gas) |
|
| ] (η) at 0 °C (gas) |
|
| 13.3 mPa.s (0.0133 cP) |
|
| 13.3 mPa⋅s (0.0133 cP) |
|
|- |
|
|- |
|
| ] (η) at 25 °C (gas) |
|
| ] (η) at 25 °C (gas) |
|
| 14.1 mPa.s (0.01440 cP) |
|
| 14.1 mPa⋅s (0.01440 cP) |
|
|- |
|
|- |
|
| ] (ODP) |
|
| ] (ODP) |
|
| 1 (] = 1) |
|
| 1<ref name=EPAodsC1/>(] = 1) |
|
|- |
|
|- |
|
| ] (GWP) |
|
| ] (GWP) |
|
| 14 000 (] = 1) |
|
| 14,000<ref name="ar5">{{cite book |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/ |contribution= Chapter 8 |title=AR5 Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis |page=731}}</ref> (] = 1) |
|
|
|- |
|
|
| ] |
|
|
| 640 years<ref name="ar5"/> |
|
|- |
|
|- |
|
|} |
|
|} |
|
|
|
|
|
== See also == |
|
|
* ] |
|
|
* ] |
|
|
|
|
|
== References == |
|
|
{{reflist}} |
|
|
|
|
|
==External links== |
|
==External links== |
|
* |
|
* |
|
* {{ICSC|0420|04}} |
|
* {{ICSC|0420|04}} |
|
* |
|
* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707095939/http://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/encyclopedia.asp?GasID=16 |date=2011-07-07 }} |
|
* |
|
* {{Dead link|date=March 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |
|
* |
|
* |
|
|
|
|
|
{{Halomethanes}} |
|
{{Halomethanes}} |
|
|
{{fluorine compounds}} |
|
|
{{Authority control}} |
|
|
|
|
|
] |
|
] |
|
] |
|
] |
|
] |
|
] |
|
|
] |
|
|
|
|
|
] |
|
] |
|
|
|
] |
|
] |
|
|
] |
|
|
] |
|
|
] |
|
|
] |
|
|
] |
|
|
] |
|