| Revision as of 12:57, 26 May 2011 editCheMoBot (talk | contribs)Bots141,565 edits Updating {{chembox}} (no changed fields - added verified revid - updated 'UNII_Ref', 'ChemSpiderID_Ref', 'StdInChI_Ref', 'StdInChIKey_Ref', 'ChEMBL_Ref', 'KEGG_Ref') per Chem/Drugbox validation (← Previous edit |
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{{chembox |
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{{chembox |
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| Verifiedfields = changed |
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| verifiedrevid = 407882105 |
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| Watchedfields = changed |
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| verifiedrevid = 431006470 |
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| Name = Cobalt(II) carbonate |
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| Name = Cobalt(II) carbonate |
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| ImageFile = |
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| ImageFile = Cobalt(II)-carbonate-unit-cell-1986-CM-3D-ellipsoids.png |
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| ImageFile1 = Calcium-carbonate-xtal-3D-SF.png |
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| ImageSize = 200px |
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| ImageName = thermal ellipsoid model of the unit cell of cobalt(II) carbonate |
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| ImageFile2 = Cobalt(2) carbonate.jpg |
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| ImageSize1 = 180px |
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| ImageFile2 = Cobalt carbonate.JPG |
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| ImageName2 = Cobalt(II) carbonate powder |
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| ImageSize2 = 200px |
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| ImageName2 = Cobalt(II) carbonate precipitate |
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| IUPACName = Cobalt(II) carbonate |
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| IUPACName = Cobalt(II) carbonate |
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| OtherNames = Cobaltous carbonate; cobalt(II) salt |
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| OtherNames = Cobaltous carbonate; cobalt(II) salt |
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| SystematicName = |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| CASNo = 513-79-1, 12602-23-2 (cobalt carbonate hydroxide) |
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| CASNo = 513-79-1 |
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| PubChem = |
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| CASNo2_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| SMILES = |
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| RTECS = |
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| CASNo2 = 12602-23-2 |
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| CASNo2_Comment = (cobalt carbonate hydroxide) |
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| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
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| UNII = 7H73A68FUV |
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| UNII2_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
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| UNII2 = W58TNI7T29 |
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| UNII2_Comment = (cobalt carbonate hydroxide) |
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| PubChem = 10565 |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID = 10123 |
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| SMILES = C(=O)(). |
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| InChI = 1/CH2O3.Co/c2-1(3)4;/h(H2,2,3,4);/q;+2/p-2 |
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| InChIKey = ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-NUQVWONBAB |
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| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChI = 1S/CH2O3.Co/c2-1(3)4;/h(H2,2,3,4);/q;+2/p-2 |
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChIKey = ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L |
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| RTECS = |
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}} |
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}} |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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| Formula = CoCO<sub>3</sub> |
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| Formula = CoCO<sub>3</sub> |
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| MolarMass = 118.94 |
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| Appearance = pink solid |
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| MolarMass = 118.941 g/mol |
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| Appearance = pink, violet, red crystalline powder |
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| Density = 4.13 g/cm<sup>3</sup> |
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| Density = 4.13 g/cm<sup>3</sup> |
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| MeltingPtC = 427 |
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| MeltingPt = decomposes before melting to ] |
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| MeltingPt_notes = <ref name=chemister /><br> decomposes before melting to ] (anhydrous)<br> {{convert|140|C|F K}}<br> decomposes (hexahydrate) |
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| BoilingPt = |
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| BoilingPt = |
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| Solubility = negligible |
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| Solubility = 0.000142 g/100 mL (20 °C)<ref name="crc97">{{cite book |editor1-last=Haynes |editor1-first=W.M. |title=CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics |date=2017 |publisher=CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group |isbn=978-1-4987-5429-3 |pages=4–58 |edition=97th |language=en}}</ref> |
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| Reference=<ref name="saf"> ''msds.chem.ox.ac.uk''</ref> |
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| SolubleOther = soluble in acid <br> negligible in ], ] <br> insoluble in ] |
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| SolubilityProduct = 1.0·10<sup>−10</sup><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ktf-split.hr/periodni/en/abc/kpt.html |title=Solubility product constants |accessdate=2012-05-17 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615020049/http://www.ktf-split.hr/periodni/en/abc/kpt.html |archivedate=2012-06-15 }}</ref> |
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| RefractIndex = 1.855 |
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}} |
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}} |
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| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure |
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| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure |
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| CrystalStruct = Trigonal |
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| CrystalStruct = Rhombohedral (anhydrous) <br> Trigonal (hexahydrate) |
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}} |
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}} |
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| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry |
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| DeltaHf = −722.6 kJ/mol<ref name=chemister>{{Cite web|url=http://chemister.ru/Database/properties-en.php?dbid=1&id=573|title=Cobalt(II) carbonate}}</ref> |
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| Entropy = 79.9 J/mol·K<ref name=chemister /> |
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| DeltaGf = -651 kJ/mol<ref name=chemister /> |
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}} |
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| Section5 = |
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| Section6 = |
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| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |
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| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |
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| MainHazards = |
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| MainHazards = |
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| GHSPictograms = {{GHS07}}{{GHS08}}<ref name="sigma">{{Sigma-Aldrich|id=379956|name=Cobalt(II) carbonate|accessdate=2014-05-06}}</ref> |
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| FlashPt = |
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| GHSSignalWord = Warning |
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| HazardSymbol = |
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| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|302|315|317|319|335|351}}<ref name="sigma" /> |
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| Autoignition = |
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| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|261|280|305+351+338}}<ref name="sigma" /> |
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| LD50 = 640 mg/kg in rats |
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| FlashPt = |
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| RPhrases = {{R49}}, {{R60}}, {{R42/43}}, {{R68}}, {{R50/53}} |
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| AutoignitionPt = |
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| SPhrases = {{S53}}, {{S45}}, {{S60}}, {{S61}} |
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| LD50 = 640 mg/kg (oral, rats) |
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| NFPA-H = 1 |
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| NFPA-F = 0 |
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| NFPA-H = 2 |
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| NFPA-R = 0 |
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| NFPA-F = 0 |
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| NFPA-R = 0 |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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'''Cobalt(II) carbonate''' is the ] with the formula CoCO<sub>3</sub>. This reddish paramagnetic solid is an intermediate in the ] of cobalt from its ores, as an inorganic pigment, and as a precursor to ]s.<ref>John Dallas Donaldson, Detmar Beyersmann, "Cobalt and Cobalt Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2005. {{DOI|10.1002/14356007.a07_281.pub2}}</ref> Commercially available pale violet basic cobalt carbonate, of formula with the formulaCoCO<sub>3</sub>(Co(OH)<sub>x</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>y</sub> (CAS 12069-68-0). Cobalt(II) carbonate occurs as the mineral ], which occurs as pink/red ] crystals with a ] of 4.13g/cm<sup>3</sup><ref> ''www.mindat.org''</ref> |
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'''Cobalt(II) carbonate''' is the ] with the formula CoCO<sub>3</sub>. This pink paramagnetic solid is an intermediate in the ] of cobalt from its ores. It is an inorganic pigment, and a precursor to ]s.<ref name=Ull>{{Ullmann|doi=10.1002/14356007.a07_281.pub2| title=Cobalt and Cobalt Compounds | year=2005 | last1=Donaldson | first1=John Dallas | last2=Beyersmann | first2=Detmar | isbn=3527306730 }}</ref> Cobalt(II) carbonate also occurs as the rare red/pink mineral ].<ref name="mindat">{{cite web |title=Spherocobaltite: Spherocobaltite mineral information and data |url=http://www.mindat.org/min-3726.html |website=www.mindat.org |accessdate=7 August 2018 |ref=mindat}}</ref> |
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==Preparation and structure== |
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==Properties== |
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It is prepared by combining solutions cobaltous sulfate and ]: |
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Heating the carbonate, i.e. ], proceeds in the usual way: |
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:CoCO<sub>3</sub> → CoO + CO<sub>2</sub> |
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:CoSO<sub>4</sub> + 2 NaHCO<sub>3</sub> → CoCO<sub>3</sub> + Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O + CO<sub>2</sub> |
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This reaction is used in the precipitation of cobalt from an extract of its roasted ores.<ref name=Ull/> |
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The resulting CoO converts reversibly to Cobalt(II,III) oxide|Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>]] at high temperatures.<ref>G.A. El-Shobaky, A.S. Ahmad, A.N. Al-Noaimi and H.G. El-Shobaky Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 1996, Volume 46, Number 6 , pp.1801-1808. </ref>. It is an precursor to blue pottery glazes, famously in the case of ]. |
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CoCO<sub>3</sub> adopts a structure like ], consisting of cobalt in an ].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Structures of hydrothermally synthesized cobalt(II) carbonate and nickel(II) carbonate|author=Pertlik, F.|journal=Acta Crystallographica Section C|year=1986|volume=42|pages=4–5|doi=10.1107/S0108270186097524}}</ref> |
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Like most transition metal carbonates, cobalt carbonate is insoluble in water but is readily attacked by mineral acids: |
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:CoCO<sub>3</sub> + 2 HCl + 5 H<sub>2</sub>O → Cl<s>2</s> + CO<sub>2</sub> |
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==Reactions== |
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Like most transition metal carbonates, cobalt carbonate is insoluble in water, but is readily attacked by mineral acids: |
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:CoCO<sub>3</sub> + 2 HCl + 5 H<sub>2</sub>O → Cl<sub>2</sub> + CO<sub>2</sub> |
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It is used to prepare many coordination complexes. The reaction of cobalt(II) carbonate and ] in the presence of ] gives ].<ref>{{cite book|doi=10.1002/9780470132364.ch53|chapter=Cobalt(III) Acetylacetonate|title=Inorganic Syntheses|year=1957|last1=Bryant|first1=Burl E.|last2=Fernelius|first2=W. Conard|pages=188–189|isbn=9780470132364}}</ref> |
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Heating the carbonate proceeds in a typical way for ], except that the product becomes partially oxidized: |
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: 6{{nbsp}}CoCO<sub>3</sub> + O<sub>2</sub> → 2{{nbsp}}Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> + 6{{nbsp}}CO<sub>2</sub> |
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The resulting ] converts reversibly to ] at high temperatures.<ref>G.A. El-Shobaky, A.S. Ahmad, A.N. Al-Noaimi and H.G. El-Shobaky Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 1996, Volume 46, Number 6 , pp.1801-1808. </ref> |
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==Uses== |
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Cobalt carbonate is a precursor to ] and various cobalt salts. It is a component of ]s since cobalt is an ]. It is a precursor to blue pottery glazes, famously in the case of ]. |
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==Related compounds== |
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At least two cobalt(II) carbonate-hydroxides are known: Co<sub>2</sub>(CO<sub>3</sub>)(OH)<sub>2</sub> and Co<sub>6</sub>(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>8</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1107/S2053229618017734| title=A Quarter of a Century After its Synthesis and with >200 Papers Based on its Use, 'Co(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>0.5</sub>(OH)<sub>0.11</sub>H<sub>2</sub>O′ Proves to be Co<sub>6</sub>(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>8</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O from Synchrotron Powder Diffraction Data | year=2019 | last1=Bhojane | first1=Prateek | last2=Le Bail | first2=Armel | last3=Shirage | first3=Parasharam M. | journal=Acta Crystallographica Section C: Structural Chemistry | volume=75 | issue=Pt 1 | pages=61–64 | pmid=30601132 | s2cid=58657483 | url=https://zenodo.org/record/3755496 }}</ref> |
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The moderately rare ] is a natural form of cobalt carbonate, with good specimens coming especially from the ]. "Cobaltocalcite" is a cobaltiferous ] variety that is quite similar in ] to spherocobaltite.<ref name="mindat" /> |
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==Safety== |
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==Safety== |
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Toxicity has rarely been observed. Animals, including humans, require trace amounts of cobalt, a component of ].<ref name=Ull/> |
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The compound is harmful if swallowed, and irritating to eyes and skin.<ref name="saf"/> |
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==References== |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==See also== |
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==External links== |
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* {{Commons category-inline|Cobalt(II) carbonate}} |
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{{hide in print|{{Carbonates}}}} |
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{{-}} |
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{{Carbonates}} |
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{{Cobalt compounds}} |
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{{Cobalt compounds}} |
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