| Revision as of 11:22, 17 November 2011 editBeetstra (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Administrators172,031 edits Saving copy of the {{drugbox}} taken from revid 456887022 of page Ertapenem for the Chem/Drugbox validation project (updated: 'KEGG'). |
Latest revision as of 21:52, 20 October 2024 edit 2601:642:c303:f370:55fb:d40:5db6:c77d (talk) Reclassified to Clostridioides in 2016. |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
|
|
{{Short description|Antibiotic medication}} |
|
{{ambox | text = This page contains a copy of the infobox ({{tl|drugbox}}) taken from revid of page ] with values updated to verified values.}} |
|
|
|
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}} |
|
{{drugbox |
|
|
|
{{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc|display-authors=6}} |
|
|
{{Infobox drug |
|
| Verifiedfields = changed |
|
| Verifiedfields = changed |
|
| verifiedrevid = 443733636 |
|
| verifiedrevid = 461095141 |
|
| IUPAC_name = (4''R'',5''S'',6''S'')-3-<br>pyrrolidin-3-yl]sulfanyl-6-(1-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-7-<br>oxo-1-azabicyclohept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid |
|
|
| image = Ertapenem.svg |
|
| image = Ertapenem.svg |
|
|
| width = |
|
|
| alt = |
|
|
| caption = |
|
|
|
|
|
<!--Clinical data--> |
|
<!-- Clinical data --> |
|
|
| pronounce = |
|
| tradename = Invanz |
|
| tradename = Invanz |
|
| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|invanz}} |
|
| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|ertapenem-sodium}} |
|
|
| MedlinePlus = a614001 |
|
|
| DailyMedID = Ertapenem |
|
| pregnancy_AU = B3 |
|
| pregnancy_AU = B3 |
|
|
| pregnancy_AU_comment = <ref name="Drugs.com pregnancy">{{cite web | title=Ertapenem (Invanz) Use During Pregnancy | website=Drugs.com | date=24 January 2020 | url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/ertapenem.html | access-date=29 July 2020}}</ref> |
|
| pregnancy_US = B |
|
|
|
| pregnancy_category= |
|
| legal_status = Rx-only |
|
|
| routes_of_administration = Intramuscular, ] |
|
| routes_of_administration = ], ] |
|
|
| class = |
|
|
| ATC_prefix = J01 |
|
|
| ATC_suffix = DH03 |
|
|
| ATC_supplemental = |
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Legal status --> |
|
|
| legal_AU = S4 |
|
|
| legal_AU_comment =<ref>{{cite web | title=INVANZ ertapenem (as sodium) 1g powder for injection vial (81449) | website=Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) | date=12 August 2022 | url=https://www.tga.gov.au/resources/artg/81449 | access-date=21 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ebs.tga.gov.au/ebs/picmi/picmirepository.nsf/pdf?OpenAgent&id=CP-2010-PI-04104-3 | title=TGA eBS - Product and Consumer Medicine Information Licence }}</ref> |
|
|
| legal_BR = <!-- OTC, A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, D1, D2, E, F --> |
|
|
| legal_BR_comment = |
|
|
| legal_CA = <!-- OTC, Rx-only, Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII --> |
|
|
| legal_CA_comment = |
|
|
| legal_DE = <!-- Anlage I, II, III or Unscheduled --> |
|
|
| legal_DE_comment = |
|
|
| legal_NZ = <!-- Class A, B, C --> |
|
|
| legal_NZ_comment = |
|
|
| legal_UK = POM |
|
|
| legal_UK_comment = <ref>{{cite web | title=Invanz 1g powder for concentrate for solution for infusion - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) | website=(emc) | url=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/1713/smpc | access-date=29 July 2020}}</ref> |
|
|
| legal_US = Rx-only |
|
|
| legal_US_comment = <ref name="Invanz FDA label" /> |
|
|
| legal_EU = Rx-only |
|
|
| legal_EU_comment = <ref name="Invanz EPAR" /> |
|
|
| legal_UN = <!-- N I, II, III, IV / P I, II, III, IV --> |
|
|
| legal_UN_comment = |
|
|
| legal_status = <!-- For countries not listed above --> |
|
|
|
|
|
<!--Pharmacokinetic data--> |
|
<!-- Pharmacokinetic data --> |
|
| bioavailability = 90% (]) |
|
| bioavailability = 90% (]) |
|
| protein_bound = Inversely proportional to concentration; 85 to 95% |
|
| protein_bound = Inversely proportional to concentration; 85 to 95% |
|
| metabolism = Minor ] of ] ring, ] not involved |
|
| metabolism = ] of ] ring, ] not involved |
|
|
| metabolites = |
|
|
| onset = |
|
| elimination_half-life = 4 hours |
|
| elimination_half-life = 4 hours |
|
|
| duration_of_action = |
|
| excretion = ] (80%) and fecal (10%) |
|
|
|
| excretion = ] (80%) and ] (10%) |
|
|
|
|
|
<!--Identifiers--> |
|
<!-- Identifiers --> |
|
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
|
|
| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}} |
|
| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}} |
|
| CAS_number = 153832-46-3 |
|
| CAS_number = 153832-46-3 |
|
| ATC_prefix = J01 |
|
|
| ATC_suffix = DH03 |
|
|
| PubChem = 150610 |
|
| PubChem = 150610 |
|
|
| IUPHAR_ligand = |
|
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|changed|drugbank}} |
|
|
|
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}} |
|
| DrugBank = DB00303 |
|
| DrugBank = DB00303 |
|
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
|
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
| Line 35: |
Line 68: |
|
| UNII = G32F6EID2H |
|
| UNII = G32F6EID2H |
|
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|changed|kegg}} |
|
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|changed|kegg}} |
|
| KEGG = <!-- blanked - oldvalue: D04049 --> |
|
| KEGG = D04049 |
|
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
|
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
|
| ChEBI = 404903 |
|
| ChEBI = 404903 |
|
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
|
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
|
| ChEMBL = 1359 |
|
| ChEMBL = 1359 |
|
|
| NIAID_ChemDB = |
|
|
| PDB_ligand = |
|
|
| synonyms = |
|
|
|
|
|
<!--Chemical data--> |
|
<!-- Chemical and physical data --> |
|
|
| IUPAC_name = (4''R'',5''S'',6''S'')-3-pyrrolidin-3-yl]sulfanyl-6-(1-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-7-oxo-1-azabicyclohept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid |
|
| C=22 | H=25 | N=3 | O=7 | S=1 |
|
|
|
| C=22 | H=25 | N=3 | O=7 | S=1 |
|
| molecular_weight = 475.516 g/mol |
|
|
| smiles = O=C(O)c1cc(ccc1)NC(=O)4NC(S\C3=C(\N2C(=O)((O)C)23C)C(=O)O)C4 |
|
| SMILES = O=C(O)c1cc(ccc1)NC(=O)4NC(S\C3=C(\N2C(=O)((O)C)23C)C(=O)O)C4 |
|
| InChI = 1/C22H25N3O7S/c1-9-16-15(10(2)26)20(28)25(16)17(22(31)32)18(9)33-13-7-14(23-8-13)19(27)24-12-5-3-4-11(6-12)21(29)30/h3-6,9-10,13-16,23,26H,7-8H2,1-2H3,(H,24,27)(H,29,30)(H,31,32)/t9-,10-,13+,14+,15-,16-/m1/s1 |
|
|
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
|
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
|
| StdInChI = 1S/C22H25N3O7S/c1-9-16-15(10(2)26)20(28)25(16)17(22(31)32)18(9)33-13-7-14(23-8-13)19(27)24-12-5-3-4-11(6-12)21(29)30/h3-6,9-10,13-16,23,26H,7-8H2,1-2H3,(H,24,27)(H,29,30)(H,31,32)/t9-,10-,13+,14+,15-,16-/m1/s1 |
|
| StdInChI = 1S/C22H25N3O7S/c1-9-16-15(10(2)26)20(28)25(16)17(22(31)32)18(9)33-13-7-14(23-8-13)19(27)24-12-5-3-4-11(6-12)21(29)30/h3-6,9-10,13-16,23,26H,7-8H2,1-2H3,(H,24,27)(H,29,30)(H,31,32)/t9-,10-,13+,14+,15-,16-/m1/s1 |
|
|
| StdInChI_comment = |
|
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
|
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
|
| StdInChIKey = JUZNIMUFDBIJCM-ANEDZVCMSA-N |
|
| StdInChIKey = JUZNIMUFDBIJCM-ANEDZVCMSA-N |
|
|
| density = |
|
|
| density_notes = |
|
|
| melting_point = |
|
|
| melting_high = |
|
|
| melting_notes = |
|
|
| boiling_point = |
|
|
| boiling_notes = |
|
|
| solubility = |
|
|
| sol_units = |
|
|
| specific_rotation = |
|
}} |
|
}} |
|
|
|
|
|
'''Ertapenem''', sold under the brand name '''Invanz''', is a ] ] medication used for the treatment of infections of the ], the lungs, the upper part of the ], and the ].<ref name="AHFS2020" /><ref name="Papp-Wallace">{{cite journal | vauthors = Papp-Wallace KM, Endimiani A, Taracila MA, Bonomo RA | title = Carbapenems: past, present, and future | journal = Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy | volume = 55 | issue = 11 | pages = 4943–4960 | date = November 2011 | pmid = 21859938 | pmc = 3195018 | doi = 10.1128/AAC.00296-11 | doi-access = free }}</ref> |
|
|
|
|
|
The most common side effects include diarrhoea, nausea (feeling sick), headache, and problems around the area where the medicine is infused. It can significantly reduce the concentrations of ], an anti-seizure medication, in the blood to the point where it loses its effectiveness.<ref name="Invanz EPAR" /> |
|
|
|
|
|
Ertapenem was approved for medical use in the United States in November 2001,<ref name="Invanz FDA label" /><ref name="USApproval" /> and in the European Union in April 2002.<ref name="Invanz EPAR" /> It is marketed by ].<ref name="Invanz FDA label" /><ref name="Invanz EPAR" /> |
|
|
|
|
|
==Medical uses== |
|
|
Ertapenem is indicated for the treatment of ] infections, ], ]s, and ] infections, with bacteria that are susceptible to this drug, or expected to be so. It can also be used to prevent infections after ]. In the United States it is also indicated for the treatment of complicated ]s including ].<ref name="Invanz FDA label" /><ref name="AHFS2020" /><ref name="EPAR" /> It is a potential effective alternative treatment for ]-resistant ].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = de Vries HJ, de Laat M, Jongen VW, Heijman T, Wind CM, Boyd A, de Korne-Elenbaas J, van Dam AP, Schim van der Loeff MF | title = Efficacy of ertapenem, gentamicin, fosfomycin, and ceftriaxone for the treatment of anogenital gonorrhoea (NABOGO): a randomised, non-inferiority trial | journal = The Lancet. Infectious Diseases | volume = 22 | issue = 5 | pages = 706–717 | date = May 2022 | pmid = 35065063 | doi = 10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00625-3 | s2cid = 246129045 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Antibiotic Ertapenem is alternative drug in treatment of gonorrhea |url=https://www.amsterdamumc.org/en/research/institutes/amsterdam-institute-for-infection-and-immunity/news/antibiotic-ertapenem-is-alternative-drug-in-treatment-of-gonorrhea.htm |website=Amsterdam UMC |access-date=8 July 2022 |date=20 January 2022}}</ref> |
|
|
|
|
|
It is given as an ] or ]. The drug is not approved for children under three months of age.<ref name="Invanz FDA label">{{cite web | title=Invanz- ertapenem sodium injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution | website=DailyMed | date=13 February 2020 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=33f3b99b-fa82-42e0-26bf-f49891ae3d22 | access-date=29 July 2020}}</ref><ref name="AHFS2020">{{cite web | title=Ertapenem Sodium Monograph for Professionals | publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists | website=Drugs.com | date=29 June 2020 | url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ertapenem-sodium.html | access-date=29 July 2020}}</ref><ref name="EPAR">{{cite web|url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/product-information/invanz-epar-product-information_en.pdf|title=Invanz: EPAR – Product Information|publisher=]|date=19 November 2019}}</ref> |
|
|
|
|
|
==Contraindications== |
|
|
The drug is contraindicated in people with known ] to ertapenem or other carbapenem type antibiotics, or with severe hypersensitivity reactions (such as ] or severe skin reactions) to other ]s in the past.<ref name="Invanz FDA label" /><ref name="AHFS2020" /><ref name="EPAR" /> |
|
|
|
|
|
==Side effects== |
|
|
Common side effects are ] (in 5% of people receiving ertapenem), ] (in 3%) and vomiting, reactions at the injection site (5%, including pain and inflammation of the vein), and headache. Uncommon but possibly serious side effects include ]s, ]s, skin reactions such as rashes (including ] in children), and anaphylaxis.<ref name="EPAR" /><ref name="mediQ" /> Hypersensitivity ] with ]s are rare.<ref name="Mutschler" /> |
|
|
|
|
|
Ertapenem also can have an effect on some blood tests such as ]s and ].<ref name="AHFS2020" /><ref name="EPAR" /> |
|
|
|
|
|
==Overdose== |
|
|
Overdosing is unlikely. In adults receiving the threefold therapeutic dose over eight days, no significant ] was observed.<ref name="EPAR" /> |
|
|
|
|
|
== Interactions == |
|
|
|
|
|
Ertapenem can reduce the concentrations of ], an ] medication, by 70% and perhaps up to 95% within 24 hours; this can result in inadequate control of seizures.<ref name="mediQ">{{cite web|url=https://www.mediq.ch/|publisher=mediQ|title=Ertapenem|access-date=29 July 2020}}</ref><ref name="Wu">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wu CC, Pai TY, Hsiao FY, Shen LJ, Wu FL | title = The Effect of Different Carbapenem Antibiotics (Ertapenem, Imipenem/Cilastatin, and Meropenem) on Serum Valproic Acid Concentrations | journal = Therapeutic Drug Monitoring | volume = 38 | issue = 5 | pages = 587–592 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27322166 | doi = 10.1097/FTD.0000000000000316 | s2cid = 25445129 }}</ref> The effect is described for other carbapenem antibiotics as well, but seems to be most pronounced for ertapenem and ].<ref name="Wu" /> This is likely caused by several mechanisms: carbapenems inhibit transport of valproic acid from the gut into the body; they may increase metabolization of valproic acid to its ]; they may reduce ] and recycling of valproic acid glucuronide by acting against ]; and they may block ]s that pump valproic acid out of ]s into the ].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mancl EE, Gidal BE | title = The effect of carbapenem antibiotics on plasma concentrations of valproic acid | journal = The Annals of Pharmacotherapy | volume = 43 | issue = 12 | pages = 2082–2087 | date = December 2009 | pmid = 19934386 | doi = 10.1345/aph.1M296 | s2cid = 207263641 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Arzneimittel-Interaktionen|publisher=Österreichischer Apothekerverlag|lang=de|year=2019|isbn=978-3-85200-254-5|page=760}}</ref> The effect is also seen in reverse: in cases where ertapenem has been withdrawn blood concentrations of valproate have been reported to rise.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Zaccara G | veditors = Aronson JK |title=Side Effects of Drugs Annual 34: A worldwide yearly survey of new data in adverse drug reactions|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7kSIUZtYO0kC&pg=PA121|date=31 December 2012|publisher=Newnes|isbn=978-0-444-59503-4|page=121|chapter=Antiepileptic drugs}}</ref><ref name="Liao Huang Chen 2010">{{cite journal | vauthors = Liao FF, Huang YB, Chen CY | title = Decrease in serum valproic acid levels during treatment with ertapenem | journal = American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy | volume = 67 | issue = 15 | pages = 1260–1264 | date = August 2010 | pmid = 20651316 | doi = 10.2146/ajhp090069 }}</ref> |
|
|
|
|
|
Drug interactions via the ] enzyme system or the ] transporter are considered unlikely, as these proteins are not involved in the metabolism of ertapenem.<ref name="EPAR" /> |
|
|
|
|
|
==Pharmacology== |
|
|
===Mechanism of action=== |
|
|
{{main|β-lactam antibiotic#Mechanism of action}} |
|
|
Like all beta-lactam antibiotics, ertapenem is ].<ref name="Mutschler" /> It inhibits cross-linking of the ] layer of bacterial cell walls by blocking a type of ]s called ]s (PBPs). When a bacterial cell tries to synthesize new cell wall in order to grow and divide, the attempt fails, rendering the cell vulnerable to ] disruption. Additionally, the surplus of peptidoglycan precursors triggers ] enzymes of the bacterium, which disintegrate the existing wall.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Pandey N, Cascella M | chapter = Beta-Lactam Antibiotics | date = June 2023 | title = StatPearls . | location = Treasure Island (FL) | publisher = StatPearls Publishing | pmid = 31424895 | chapter-url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545311/ }}</ref> |
|
|
|
|
|
]s.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Cushnie TP, O'Driscoll NH, Lamb AJ | title = Morphological and ultrastructural changes in bacterial cells as an indicator of antibacterial mechanism of action | journal = Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences | volume = 73 | issue = 23 | pages = 4471–4492 | date = December 2016 | pmid = 27392605 | doi = 10.1007/s00018-016-2302-2 | pmc = 11108400 | hdl-access = free | s2cid = 2065821 | hdl = 10059/2129 }}</ref>]] |
|
|
{{clear left}} |
|
|
|
|
|
===Susceptible bacteria=== |
|
|
Bacteria that are normally susceptible to ertapenem treatment (at least in Europe) include:<ref name="EPAR" /> |
|
|
* ] ]s |
|
|
** ]-susceptible '']'' species (including '']'') |
|
|
** '']'' |
|
|
** '']'' (not established for penicillin-resistant strains) |
|
|
* ] aerobes |
|
|
** '']'' |
|
|
** '']'' |
|
|
** '']'' |
|
|
** '']'' |
|
|
** '']'' |
|
|
* ]s: |
|
|
** '']'' species (excluding '']'') |
|
|
** '']'' species |
|
|
** '']'' species |
|
|
** '']'' species |
|
|
** ''] asaccharolytica'' |
|
|
** '']'' species |
|
|
|
|
|
* The US ] (FDA) label specifies activity against additional anaerobes:<ref name="Invanz FDA label" /> |
|
|
** '']'' |
|
|
** '']'' |
|
|
** '']'' |
|
|
** '']'' |
|
|
** '']'' |
|
|
|
|
|
===Resistance=== |
|
|
Bacteria that show no clinically relevant response to ertapenem include methicillin-resistant ''Staphylococcus'' species (including ]) as well as '']'', '']'', '']'', and '']''.<ref name="EPAR" /><ref name="Mutschler">{{Cite book| vauthors = Mutschler E |title=Arzneimittelwirkungen |language=German |location= Stuttgart |publisher= Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft|year=2013|edition=10th |pages=740, 753|isbn=978-3-8047-2898-1}}</ref> |
|
|
|
|
|
Microorganisms can become resistant to ertapenem by producing ]s, enzymes that inactivate the drug by opening the beta-lactam ring. Other mechanisms of resistance against carbapenems are development of ]s that transport the antibiotics out of the bacterial cells, mutations of PBPs, and mutations of Gram-negative bacteria's ]s which are necessary for carbapenems to enter the bacteria.<ref name="Papp-Wallace" /> |
|
|
|
|
|
===Pharmacokinetics=== |
|
|
] in humans, which is pharmacologically inactive<ref name="AHFS2020" /><ref>{{cite web | title = Ertapenem Ring Open Impurity | work = PubChem | publisher = U.S. National Library of Medicine | url = https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/45105276 | access-date = 30 July 2020 | id = CID 45105276 }}</ref>]] |
|
|
|
|
|
The route of administration has only a slight effect on the drug's concentrations in the bloodstream: when given as an ], its ] is 90% (as compared to the 100% availability when given directly into a vein), and its highest concentrations in the ] are reached after about 2.3 hours. In the blood, 85–95% of ertapenem are bound to ]s, mostly ]. Plasma protein binding is higher for lower concentrations, and vice versa. The drug is only partially ], with 94% circulating in form of the parent substance and 6% as metabolites. The main metabolite is the inactive ] product with the ring opened.<ref name="AHFS2020" /> |
|
|
|
|
|
Ertapenem is mainly eliminated via the kidneys and urine (80%) and to a minor extent via the faeces (10%). Of the 80% found in the urine, 38% is excreted as the parent drug and 37% as the ring-opened metabolite. The ] is about 3.5 hours in women, 4.2 hours in men and 2.5 hours in children up to 12 years of age.<ref name="AHFS2020" /><ref name="mediQ" /> |
|
|
|
|
|
===Comparison with other antibiotics=== |
|
|
Like all carbapenem antibiotics, ertapenem has a broader spectrum of activity than other beta-lactams like penicillins and ]s. Similar to ], ] and ], ertapenem has slightly better activity against many Gram-negative bacteria than other carbapenems such as ]. In contrast to imipenem, doripenem and meropenem, it is not active against ''Enterococcus'', ''Pseudomonas'' and ''Acinetobacter'' species.<ref name="Papp-Wallace" /><ref name="Mutschler" /> |
|
|
|
|
|
For diabetic foot infections, ertapenem as a single treatment or in combination with ] has been found to be more effective and have fewer side effects than ], but in severe cases it is less effective than ].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Selva Olid A, Solà I, Barajas-Nava LA, Gianneo OD, Bonfill Cosp X, Lipsky BA | title = Systemic antibiotics for treating diabetic foot infections | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 2015 | issue = 9 | pages = CD009061 | date = September 2015 | pmid = 26337865 | pmc = 8504988 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD009061.pub2 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Tchero H, Kangambega P, Noubou L, Becsangele B, Fluieraru S, Teot L | title = Antibiotic therapy of diabetic foot infections: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials | journal = Wound Repair and Regeneration | volume = 26 | issue = 5 | pages = 381–391 | date = September 2018 | pmid = 30099812 | doi = 10.1111/wrr.12649 | s2cid = 51966152 }}</ref> |
|
|
|
|
|
Regarding pharmacokinetics, imipenem, doripenem and meropenem have lower plasma protein bindings (up to 25%) and shorter half-lives (about one hour) than ertapenem.<ref name="Mutschler" /> |
|
|
|
|
|
==History== |
|
|
Ertapenem is marketed by ]. It was approved for use by the US Food and Drug Administration in November 2001,<ref name="USApproval">{{cite web | title=Drug Approval Package: Invanz I.V. or I.M. (Ertapenem Sodium) NDA #21-337 | website=U.S. ] (FDA) | date=20 November 2001 | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2001/21337_Invanz.cfm | access-date=29 July 2020}}</ref> and by the ] in April 2002.<ref name="Invanz EPAR">{{cite web | title=Invanz EPAR | website=] (EMA) | date=17 September 2018 | url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/invanz | access-date=29 July 2020}} Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/overview/invanz-epar-summary-public_en.pdf|title=Invanz: EPAR – Summary for the public|publisher=]|date=2 December 2016}}</ref> |
|
|
|
|
|
== References == |
|
|
{{reflist}} |
|
|
|
|
|
{{CephalosporinAntiBiotics}} |
|
|
{{Merck&Co}} |
|
|
{{Portal bar | Medicine}} |
|
|
|
|
|
] |
|
|
] |
|
|
] |
|
|
] |
|
|
] |