| Revision as of 20:40, 8 August 2011 editCheMoBot (talk | contribs)Bots141,565 edits Updating {{chembox}} (no changed fields - added verified revid - updated 'DrugBank_Ref', 'UNII_Ref', 'ChEMBL_Ref', 'ChEBI_Ref') per Chem/Drugbox validation (report [[Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Ch← Previous edit |
Latest revision as of 06:36, 5 November 2024 edit undoKotskokos (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users621 edits →Uses in various crops: GrammarTags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
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{{redirect|Arvest|the bank|Arvest Bank}} |
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| verifiedrevid = 443740510 |
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| verifiedrevid = 443743518 |
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|ImageFile=Ethephon.png# |
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| ImageFile=Ethephon.png# |
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|ImageSize=150px |
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| ImageSize=150px |
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|IUPACName=2-Chloroethylphosphonic acid |
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| ImageAlt = Skeletal formula |
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|OtherNames=Bromeflor<br>Arvest<br>Ethrel |
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| ImageFile1 = Ethephon-3D-balls.png |
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|Section1= {{Chembox Identifiers |
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| ImageSize1 = 180 |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| ImageAlt1 = Ball-and-stick model of the ethephon |
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| PIN=(2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic acid |
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| OtherNames=Bromeflor<br>Arvest<br>Ethrel |
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|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID = 26031 |
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| ChemSpiderID = 26031 |
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| InChI = 1/C2H6ClO3P/c3-1-2-7(4,5)6/h1-2H2,(H2,4,5,6) |
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| InChI = 1/C2H6ClO3P/c3-1-2-7(4,5)6/h1-2H2,(H2,4,5,6) |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| CASNo=16672-87-0 |
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| CASNo=16672-87-0 |
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| PubChem = 27982 |
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| PubChem = 27982 |
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| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
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| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
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| UNII = XU5R5VQ87S |
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| UNII = XU5R5VQ87S |
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| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
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| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
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| KEGG = C18399 |
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| KEGG = C18399 |
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|Section2= {{Chembox Properties |
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|Section2={{Chembox Properties |
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| C=2 | H=6 | Cl=1 | O=3 | P=1 |
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| Formula=C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>ClO<sub>3</sub>P</sub> |
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| Appearance= |
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| MolarMass=144.5 g/mol |
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| Density=1.409 g/cm<sup>3</sup> |
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| Appearance= |
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| MeltingPtC=74 |
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| Density=1.409 g/cm³ |
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| BoilingPt= |
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| MeltingPtC=74 |
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| Solubility= 123.9 g/100 mL (23 °C) |
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| BoilingPt= |
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| Solubility= 123.9 g/100 ml at 23 C |
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|Section3= {{Chembox Hazards |
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|Section3={{Chembox Hazards |
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| MainHazards=Corrosive |
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| MainHazards=Corrosive |
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'''Ethephon''' is a ].<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www3.epa.gov/pesticides/chem_search/reg_actions/reregistration/fs_PC-099801_1-Apr-95.pdf | title = R.E.D. Facts Ethephon | publisher = ] }}</ref> |
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'''Ethephon''' is the most widely used plant growth regulator. |
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==Mechanism of action== |
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==History== |
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Upon ] by the plant, it is converted into ], a potent regulator of plant growth and ripeness. When applied in a plant which is in a vegetative stage, ethylene usually acts by hindering vegetative growth and inducing the start of the flowering stage. If applied in a later stage, it can make the ripening of some fruits quicker. It is also a ] ].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Novel Irreversible Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors: 2-Chloro-1-(substituted-phenyl)ethylphosphonic Acids|journal=Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry|volume=10|issue=5|pages=1281–1290|doi=10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00391-1|year=2002|last1=Zhang|first1=Nanjing|last2=Casida|first2=John E|pmid=11886791 }}</ref> |
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It is manufacturered by ] (]) and Jiangsu Anpon Electrochemicals Co. in China. Upon ] by the plant, it is converted into ], a potent regulator of plant growth and maturity. It is often used on ], ], ], ], and ] in order to help the plant's fruit reach maturity more quickly. Cotton is the most important single crop use for ethephon. It initiates fruiting over a period of several weeks, promotes early concentrated boll opening, and enhances defoliation to facilitate and improve efficiency of scheduled harvesting. Harvested cotton quality is improved. |
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==Uses in various crops == |
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Ethephon also is widely used by pineapple growers to initiate reproductive development (force) of ]. Ethephon is also sprayed on mature-green pineapple fruits to degreen them to meet produce marketing requirements. There can be some detrimental effect on fruit quality. |
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Ethephon is often used on ], ], ], ], and ] in order to help the plant's fruit reach ripeness more quickly. |
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Cotton is the most important single crop use for ethephon. It initiates fruiting over a period of several weeks, promotes early concentrated boll opening, and enhances defoliation to facilitate and improve the efficiency of scheduled harvesting. Harvested cotton quality is improved.<ref>{{Cite web | title = Cotton Harvest Aids | author = Christopher L. Main and Robert M. Hayes | publisher = University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture | url = http://www.utcrops.com/cotton/PDF%20files/W225.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | title = Ethephon may hasten cotton boll opening, increase yield | author = Bill L. Weir and J. M. Gaggero | url = http://calag.ucanr.edu/archive/?type=pdf&article=ca.v036n09p28 | journal = California Agriculture | date = 1982 }}</ref> |
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Although many environmental groups worry about toxicity resulting from use of growth hormones and fertilizers, the toxicity of ethephon is actually very low,<ref>, Extension Toxicology Net. Sept 1995.</ref> and any ethephon used on the plant is converted very quickly to ethylene.<ref>"1994 Joint meeting of the FAO panel of experts on pesticide residues in food and the environment." UN Food and Agriculture Organization. 1994.</ref> |
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Ethephon is also widely used by ] growers to initiate the fruit's reproductive development (]). Ethephon is also sprayed on mature-green pineapple fruits to degreen them to meet produce marketing requirements. There can be some detrimental effect on fruit quality.{{cn|date=May 2019}} |
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It is sometimes used by cannabis ] to induce flowering, abort seed formation, increase the quality of the ], induce the appearance of female flowers in male plants, and to suppress the development of male flowers in hermaphrodite plants.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mansouri |first=Hakimeh |last2=Salari |first2=Fatemeh |last3=Asrar |first3=Zahra |date=2013-04-01 |title=Ethephon application stimulats cannabinoids and plastidic terpenoids production in Cannabis sativa at flowering stage |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0926669013000526 |journal=Industrial Crops and Products |volume=46 |pages=269–273 |doi=10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.01.025 |issn=0926-6690}}</ref> |
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The toxicity of ethephon is very low,<ref>, Extension Toxicology Net. Sept 1995.</ref> and any ethephon used on the plant is converted very quickly to ethylene.<ref>"1994 Joint meeting of the FAO panel of experts on pesticide residues in food and the environment." UN Food and Agriculture Organization. 1994.</ref> |
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The use of this chemical is allowed in the ]. |
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==References== |
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==References== |
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