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{{Short description|Stimulant designer drug}}
{{Drugbox {{Drugbox
| Verifiedfields = changed
⚫ | verifiedrevid = 399416182
| Watchedfields = changed
| drug_name = 4-Fluoromethcathinone
⚫ | verifiedrevid = 446620294
| IUPAC_name = (''RS'')-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-methylaminopropan-1-one | IUPAC_name = 1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)propan-1-one
| image = 4-fluoromethcathinone.svg | image = 4-fluoromethcathinone.svg
⚫ | width =
| imagename = 1 : 1 mixture (racemate)
| chirality = ]
⚫ | width = 200px
| drug_name =
⚫ | CAS_number= 7589-35-7
| image2 = Flephedrone molecule ball.png
⚫ | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| alt2 = Ball-and-stick model of the flephedrone molecule
<!--Clinical data-->
| tradename =
| legal_BR = F2
| legal_BR_comment = <ref>{{Cite web |author=Anvisa |author-link=Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency |date=2023-07-24 |title=RDC Nº 804 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial |trans-title=Collegiate Board Resolution No. 804 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control|url=https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/resolucao-rdc-n-804-de-24-de-julho-de-2023-498447451 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230827163149/https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/resolucao-rdc-n-804-de-24-de-julho-de-2023-498447451 |archive-date=2023-08-27 |access-date=2023-08-27 |publisher=] |language=pt-BR |publication-date=2023-07-25}}</ref>
| legal_US = Schedule I
| legal_US_comment = <ref name=federalregister>{{cite web | url = https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2014/03/07/2014-04997/schedules-of-controlled-substances-temporary-placement-of-10-synthetic-cathinones-into-schedule-i | title = Schedules of Controlled Substances: Temporary Placement of 10 Synthetic Cathinones Into Schedule I | work = Federal Register | date = 7 March 2014 | publisher = The Daily Journal of the United States Government }}</ref>
| legal_DE = Anlage II
| legal_UK = Class B
| legal_status = Illegal in Denmark,{{citation needed|date=April 2012}} Poland
⚫ | routes_of_administration = Oral, insufflation, vaporized
<!--Identifiers-->
| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
⚫ | CAS_number = 447-40-5
| CAS_number2_Ref =
| CAS_number2 =
| index_label =
| index2_label =
⚫ | DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
⚫ | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 21477355 | ChemSpiderID = 21477355
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}}
| UNII = BA88IEZ2HF
⚫ | PubChem = 49853406
<!--Chemical data-->
⚫ | C=10 | H=12 | F=1 | N=1 | O=1
⚫ | smiles = CNC(C)C(=O)c(cc1)ccc1F
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C10H12FNO/c1-7(12-2)10(13)8-3-5-9(11)6-4-8/h3-7,12H,1-2H3 | StdInChI = 1S/C10H12FNO/c1-7(12-2)10(13)8-3-5-9(11)6-4-8/h3-7,12H,1-2H3
| InChI = 1/C10H12FNO/c1-7(12-2)10(13)8-3-5-9(11)6-4-8/h3-7,12H,1-2H3
| InChIKey = MWKQPIROPJSFRI-UHFFFAOYAX
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = MWKQPIROPJSFRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N | StdInChIKey = MWKQPIROPJSFRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| ATC_prefix=
| ATC_suffix=
⚫ | PubChem=
⚫ | DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
| DrugBank=
⚫ | C=10 | H=12 | F=1 | N=1 | O=1
| molecular_weight = 181.206 g/mol
⚫ | smiles = CNC(C)C(=O)c(cc1)ccc1F
| bioavailability=
| metabolism =
| elimination_half-life=
| excretion =
| pregnancy_category =
| legal_status = Illegal in Czech Republic, Denmark
⚫ | routes_of_administration= Oral
}} }}


'''Flephedrone''', also known as '''4-fluoromethcathinone''' ('''4-FMC'''), is a ] ] of the ], ], and ] ]es. '''Flephedrone''', also known as '''4-fluoromethcathinone''' ('''4-FMC'''), is a ] ] of the ] ] that has been sold online as a ] starting in 2008.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Archer RP | title = Fluoromethcathinone, a new substance of abuse | journal = Forensic Science International | volume = 185 | issue = 1–3 | pages = 10–20 | date = March 2009 | pmid = 19195800 | doi = 10.1016/j.forsciint.2008.11.013 }}</ref>

== History ==

Flephedrone started to be sold as a ] in 2008, along with its ] ] ('''3-FMC''').<ref></ref><ref>Archer RP. Fluoromethcathinone, a new substance of abuse. ''Forensic Science International''. 2009 Mar 10;185(1-3):10-20. PMID 19195800</ref>

]{{clear-left}}


== Toxicity == == Toxicity ==
Flephedrone has only a short history of human use and its toxicity is not well established. ], ]s and other typical complications may be expected in overdose. ''p''-] amphetamines are known for their ] excluding 4-Fluoro substituted amphetamines and cathinones.{{Citation needed|date=December 2010}} Flephedrone has only a short history of human use and its toxicity is not well established.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Thornton SL, Gerona RR, Tomaszewski CA | title = Psychosis from a bath salt product containing flephedrone and MDPV with serum, urine, and product quantification | journal = Journal of Medical Toxicology | volume = 8 | issue = 3 | pages = 310–3 | date = September 2012 | pmid = 22528592 | pmc = 3550171 | doi = 10.1007/s13181-012-0232-4 }}</ref>


== Legality == == Legality ==
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Flephedrone has been illegal in Denmark since December 2008.{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}}<!-- can't find citation but the Danish government put out a press release in December 2008 reporting the banning of ], flephedrone and one other RC so it should be easy enough to find for anyone who speaks Danish --> Flephedrone has been illegal in Denmark since December 2008.{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}}<!-- can't find citation but the Danish government put out a press release in December 2008 reporting the banning of ], flephedrone and one other RC so it should be easy enough to find for anyone who speaks Danish -->


Flephedrone has been illegal in the UK since April 2010. Flephedrone has been illegal in the Lithuania since April 2010. Flephedrone is illegal in Brazil since 2017 as an analogue or derivative of cathinone. Flephedrone is most likely illegal in Australia as an analogue or derivative of cathinone.
Flephedrone has been illegal in the UK since April 2010.


Flephedrone has been illegal in Poland since April 2010<ref>{{cite web|title=Ustawa z dnia 15 kwietnia 2011 r. o zmianie ustawy o przeciwdziałaniu narkomanii ( Dz.U. 2011 nr 105 poz. 614 )|url=http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/DetailsServlet?id=WDU20111050614|publisher=Internetowy System Aktów Prawnych|accessdate=17 June 2011}}</ref>, but ] is still legal. Flephedrone has been illegal in Poland since April 2010.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ustawa z dnia 15 kwietnia 2011 r. o zmianie ustawy o przeciwdziałaniu narkomanii ( Dz.U. 2011 nr 105 poz. 614 )|url=http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/DetailsServlet?id=WDU20111050614|publisher=Internetowy System Aktów Prawnych|access-date=17 June 2011}}</ref>


Flephedrone has been classed as a narcotic in Sweden since October 2010.<ref name="Ban on Flephedrone in sweden">, Medical Products Agency (Sweden), Läkemedelsverkets författningssamling (Swedish)</ref> Flephedrone has been classed as a narcotic in Sweden since October 2010.<ref name="Ban on Flephedrone in sweden">{{cite web | title = Läkemedelsverkets författningssamling | trans-title = The Swedish Medicines Agency's constitutional collection | url = http://www.lakemedelsverket.se/upload/lvfs/LVFS_2010_23.pdf | work = Medical Products Agency (Sweden), Läkemedelsverkets författningssamling | language = Swedish }}</ref>


In the United States, flephedrone is temporarily listed as a Schedule I controlled substance.<ref name=federalregister/> It is permanently listed as a Schedule I controlled substance in Florida,<ref>{{cite web | title = Notice of Emergency Rule | url = http://www.myfloridalicense.com/dbpr/abt/documents/BathSaltsDrugEmergencyRule.pdf | work = Department of Business and Professional Regulation | publisher = State of Florida }}</ref> Georgia, and Pennsylvania.<ref>{{cite web | title = Sensate Bill 1006 | date = 2011 | publisher = The General Assembly of Pennsylvania | url = http://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/legis/PN/Public/btCheck.cfm?txtType=HTM&sessYr=2011&sessInd=0&billBody=S&billTyp=B&billNbr=1006&pn=1304 }}</ref>
Flephedrone has been listed since January 2011 as a Schedule I drug in Florida (United States).<ref>http://www.myfloridalicense.com/dbpr/abt/documents/BathSaltsDrugEmergencyRule.pdf</ref>

As of October 2015 4-FMC is a controlled substance in China.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0056/130753.html | title=关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知 | publisher=China Food and Drug Administration | date=27 September 2015 | language=Chinese | access-date=1 October 2015 | archive-date=1 October 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001222554/http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0056/130753.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>


== See also == == See also ==
⚫ * ] (3-FMC)
* ]s


== References == == References ==
{{Reflist|2}} {{Reflist|2}}


⚫ {{Stimulants}}
{{Entactogens}} {{Entactogens}}
{{Monoamine releasing agents}}
{{Adrenergics}}
{{Dopaminergics}}
{{Phenethylamines}} {{Phenethylamines}}
{{Serotonergics}}
⚫ {{Stimulants}}


⚫ {{DEFAULTSORT:Fluoromethcathinone, 4-}}
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