| Revision as of 13:47, 15 February 2012 editBeetstra (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Administrators172,031 edits Saving copy of the {{chembox}} taken from revid 472050788 of page Guanosine_triphosphate for the Chem/Drugbox validation project (updated: ''). |
Latest revision as of 22:54, 16 December 2024 edit Arthurfragoso (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users1,908 edits Fixes image on dark mode |
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{{short description|Chemical compound}} |
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{{ambox | text = This page contains a copy of the infobox ({{tl|chembox}}) taken from revid of page ] with values updated to verified values.}} |
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{{distinguish|Adenosine triphosphate}} |
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{{chembox |
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{{chembox |
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| verifiedrevid = 445712220 |
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| ImageFile = Guanosintriphosphat protoniert.svg |
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| verifiedrevid = 477003555 |
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| ImageSize = 200px |
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| ImageFile = GTP.png |
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| IUPACName = methyl (hydroxy-phosphonooxyphosphoryl) hydrogen phosphate |
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| ImageSize = 280 |
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| OtherNames = guanosine triphosphate, 9-β-<small>D</small>-ribofuranosylguanine-5'-triphosphate, 9-β-<small>D</small>-ribofuranosyl-2-amino-6-oxo-purine-5'-triphosphate |
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| ImageClass = skin-invert |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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| ImageAlt = Skeletal formula of guanosine triphosphate |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| ImageFile1 = Guanosine-triphosphate-anion-3D-spacefill.png |
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| ImageSize1 = 220 |
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| ImageAlt1 = Space-filling model of the guanosine triphosphate anion |
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| IUPACName = Guanosine 5′-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate) |
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| SystematicName = ''O''<sup>1</sup>-<nowiki/>{methyl} tetrahydrogen triphosphate |
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| OtherNames = guanosine triphosphate, 9-β-<small>D</small>-ribofuranosylguanine-5'-triphosphate, 9-β-<small>D</small>-ribofuranosyl-2-amino-6-oxo-purine-5'-triphosphate |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID = 6569 |
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| ChemSpiderID = 6569 |
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| InChI = 1/C10H16N5O14P3/c11-10-13-7-4(8(18)14-10)12-2-15(7)9-6(17)5(16)3(27-9)1-26-31(22,23)29-32(24,25)28-30(19,20)21/h2-3,5-6,9,16-17H,1H2,(H,22,23)(H,24,25)(H2,19,20,21)(H3,11,13,14,18)/t3-,5-,6-,9-/m1/s1 |
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| InChI = 1/C10H16N5O14P3/c11-10-13-7-4(8(18)14-10)12-2-15(7)9-6(17)5(16)3(27-9)1-26-31(22,23)29-32(24,25)28-30(19,20)21/h2-3,5-6,9,16-17H,1H2,(H,22,23)(H,24,25)(H2,19,20,21)(H3,11,13,14,18)/t3-,5-,6-,9-/m1/s1 |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| CASNo = 86-01-1 |
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| CASNo = 86-01-1 |
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| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
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| PubChem = 6830 |
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| UNII = 01WV7J708X |
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| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|changed|kegg}} |
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| KEGG = C00044 |
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| PubChem = 6830 |
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| IUPHAR_ligand = 1742 |
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| IUPHAR_ligand = 1742 |
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| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
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| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
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| ChEBI = 15996 |
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| ChEBI = 15996 |
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| SMILES = c1nc2c(n13(((O3)CO(=O)(O)O(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)O)O)O)c(nc2=O)N |
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| SMILES = c1nc2c(n13(((O3)CO(=O)(O)O(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)O)O)O)c(nc2=O)N |
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| MeSHName = Guanosine+triphosphate |
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| MeSHName = Guanosine+triphosphate |
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}} |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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| C=10|H=16|N=5|O=14|P=3 |
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| C=10|H=16|N=5|O=14|P=3 |
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| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards |
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| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards |
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'''Guanosine-5'-triphosphate''' ('''GTP''') is a ] ]. It is one of the building blocks needed for the synthesis of ] during the ] process. Its structure is similar to that of the ] ], the only difference being that ]s like GTP have ]s on their ] sugar. GTP has the ] ] attached to the 1' carbon of the ribose and it has the triphosphate moiety attached to ribose's 5' carbon. |
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It also has the role of a source of energy or an activator of substrates in metabolic reactions, like that of ], but more specific. It is used as a source of energy for ] and ]. |
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GTP is essential to ], in particular with ], in second-messenger mechanisms where it is converted to ] (GDP) through the action of ]s. |
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==Uses== |
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===Energy transfer=== |
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GTP is involved in energy transfer within the cell. For instance, a GTP molecule is generated by one of the enzymes in the ]. This is tantamount to the generation of one molecule of ], since GTP is readily converted to ATP with ] (NDK).<ref name=]>{{cite book |last= Berg |first=JM |author2=JL Tymoczko |author3=L Stryer |title= Biochemistry|url= https://archive.org/details/biochemistry200100jere |url-access= registration |edition=5th |pages =|publisher= WH Freeman and Company |year=2002 |isbn= 0-7167-4684-0}}</ref> |
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===Genetic translation=== |
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During the elongation stage of ], GTP is used as an energy source for the binding of a new amino-bound ] to the A site of the ]. GTP is also used as an energy source for the translocation of the ribosome towards the 3' end of the ].<ref>{{cite book |last=Solomon |first=EP |author2=LR Berg |author3=DW Martin |title= Biology |edition=7th |pages=244–245 |year=2005}}</ref> |
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===Microtubule dynamic instability=== |
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During ] polymerization, each heterodimer formed by an alpha and a beta tubulin molecule carries two GTP molecules, and the GTP is hydrolyzed to GDP when the tubulin dimers are added to the plus end of the growing microtubule. Such GTP hydrolysis is not mandatory for microtubule formation, but it appears that only GDP-bound tubulin molecules are able to depolymerize. Thus, a GTP-bound tubulin serves as a cap at the tip of microtubule to protect from depolymerization; and, once the GTP is hydrolyzed, the microtubule begins to depolymerize and shrink rapidly.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.cytochemistry.net/Cell-biology/microtubule_structure.htm | title = Microtubule structure | author = Gwen V. Childs | publisher = cytochemistry.net | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100215173527/http://www.cytochemistry.net/Cell-biology/microtubule_structure.htm | archive-date = 2010-02-15 }}</ref> |
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===Mitochondrial function=== |
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The translocation of proteins into the mitochondrial matrix involves the interactions of both GTP and ATP. The importing of these proteins plays an important role in several pathways regulated within the mitochondria organelle,<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sepuri|first=Naresh Babu V. |author2=Norbert Schülke |author3=Debkumar Pain|title=GTP Hydrolysis Is Essential for Protein Import into the Mitochondrial Matrix|journal=Journal of Biological Chemistry|date=16 January 1998|volume=273 |issue=3|pages=1420–1424|doi=10.1074/jbc.273.3.1420|pmid=9430677 |doi-access=free}}</ref> such as converting ] to ] (PEP) in gluconeogenesis.{{fact|date=September 2017}} |
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==Precursor for synthesis of riboflavin== |
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GTP, in combination with ], are the precursor compounds for the synthesis of ] (vitamin B<sub>2</sub>).<ref name=PKIN2020B2>{{cite book |vauthors=Merrill AH, McCormick DB |title = Present Knowledge in Nutrition, Eleventh Edition |chapter = Riboflavin |editor=BP Marriott |editor2=DF Birt |editor3=VA Stallings|editor4=AA Yates |publisher = Academic Press (Elsevier) |year=2020 |location = London, United Kingdom |pages = 189–208 |isbn=978-0-323-66162-1}}</ref> |
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==Biosynthesis== |
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In the cell, GTP is synthesised through many processes including: |
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* as a byproduct of the ] to ] conversion catalysed by the ] enzyme as part of the ];<ref name=] /> |
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* through exchanges of phosphate groups from ATP molecules by the ], an enzyme tasked with maintaining an equilibrium between the concentrations of different nucleoside triphosphates.<ref name=] /> |
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==See also== |
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* ] |
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* ] |
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* ] |
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* ] |
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* ] |
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==References== |
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<references/> |
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==External links== |
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{{Commons category|Guanosine triphosphate}} |
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* in the ] |
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{{Nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides}} |
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{{Purine receptor modulators}} |
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{{Nitric oxide signaling modulators}} |
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{{Glutamate metabolism and transport modulators}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Guanosine phosphate3}} |
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] |
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] |
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] |