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{{chembox {{chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed | Verifiedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 359836163 | verifiedrevid = 458273898
| ImageFile = Hydroxypropyl cellulose.png | ImageFile = Hydroxypropyl cellulose.png
| ImageSize = 200px
| IUPACName = | IUPACName =
| OtherNames = Cellulose, 2-hydroxypropyl ether; oxypropylated cellulose; E463 | OtherNames = Cellulose, 2-hydroxypropyl ether; oxypropylated cellulose; E463; hyprolose
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = 9004-64-2 | CASNo = 9004-64-2
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 0A7M0N7SPE
| PubChem = | PubChem =
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}} | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = <!-- blanked - oldvalue: 1201471 --> | ChEMBL = 1201471
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|changed|drugbank}} | DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
| DrugBank = DB00840 | DrugBank = DB00840
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = NA | ChemSpiderID = none
| SMILES = }} | SMILES = }}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = variable | Formula = variable
| MolarMass = variable | MolarMass = variable
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| BoilingPt = | BoilingPt =
| Solubility = }} | Solubility = }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards |Section3={{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards = | MainHazards =
| FlashPt = | FlashPt =
| Autoignition = }} | AutoignitionPt = }}
}} }}


'''Hydroxypropyl cellulose''' (HPC) is a derivative of ] with both water solubility and organic solubility. It is used as a topical ophthalmic protectant and lubricant. '''Hydroxypropyl cellulose''' ('''HPC''') is a derivative of ] with both water solubility and organic solubility. It is used as an ], and topical ophthalmic protectant and lubricant.


==Chemistry== ==Chemistry==
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HPC is an ] of cellulose in which some of the ]s in the repeating ] units have been hydroxypropylated forming -OCH<sub>2</sub>CH(OH)CH<sub>3</sub> groups using ]. The average number of substituted hydroxyl groups per ] unit is referred to as the degree of substitution (DS). Complete substitution would provide a DS of 3. Because the hydroxypropyl group added contains a hydroxyl group, this can also be etherified during preparation of HPC. When this occurs, the number of moles of hydroxypropyl groups per glucose ring, moles of substitution (MS), can be higher than 3. HPC is an ] of cellulose in which some of the ]s in the repeating ] units have been hydroxypropylated forming -OCH<sub>2</sub>CH(OH)CH<sub>3</sub> groups using ]. The average number of substituted hydroxyl groups per ] unit is referred to as the degree of substitution (DS). Complete substitution would provide a DS of 3. Because the hydroxypropyl group added contains a hydroxyl group, this can also be etherified during preparation of HPC. When this occurs, the number of moles of hydroxypropyl groups per glucose ring, moles of substitution (MS), can be higher than 3.


Because cellulose is very crystalline, HPC must have an MS about 4 in order to reach a good solubility in water. HPC has a combination of ] and ] groups, so it has a ] (LCST) at 45 °C. At temperatures below the LCST, HPC is readily soluble in water; above the LCST, HPC is not soluble. Because cellulose is very crystalline, HPC must have an MS about 4 in order to reach a good solubility in water. HPC has a combination of ] and ] groups, so it has a ] (LCST) at 45&nbsp;°C. At temperatures below the LCST, HPC is readily soluble in water; above the LCST, HPC is not soluble.


HPC forms ] and many ]s according to its concentration in water. Such mesophases include ], ], ] and ]. The last one gives many colors such as violet, green and red. HPC forms ] and many ]s according to its concentration in water. Such mesophases include ], ], ] and ]. The last one gives many colors such as violet, green and red.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Barty-King |first1=Charles |last2=Chan |first2=Chun Lam Clement |last3=Parker |first3=Richard |last4=Bay |first4=Mélanie |last5=Vadrucci |first5=Roberto |last6=De Volder |first6=Michael |last7=Vignolini |first7=Silvia |title=Mechanochromic, Structurally Colored, and Edible Hydrogels Prepared from Hydroxypropyl Cellulose and Gelatin |journal=Advanced Materials |date=29 July 2021 |volume=33 |issue=37 |page=2102112 |doi=10.1002/adma.202102112 |pmid=34323315 |bibcode=2021AdM....3302112B |s2cid=236497081 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/adma.202102112}}</ref>


==Uses== ==Uses==


Lacrisert, manufactured by Aton Pharma, is a formulation of HPC used for artificial ]. It is used to treat medical conditions characterized by insufficient tear production such as ]), recurrent ], decreased corneal sensitivity, exposure and neuroparalytic ]. HPC is also used as a lubricant for artificial ]s. Lacrisert, manufactured by Aton Pharma, is a formulation of HPC used for artificial ]. It is used to treat medical conditions characterized by insufficient tear production such as ]), recurrent ], decreased corneal sensitivity, exposure and neuroparalytic ]. HPC is also used as a lubricant for artificial ]s.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Luchs J, Nelinson D, Macy J | title = Efficacy of hydroxypropyl cellulose inserts (LACRISERT®) in subsets of patients with dry eye syndrome (DES): Findings from a patient registry | journal = Cornea | date = December 2010 | volume = 29 | issue = 12 | pages = 1417–1427| pmid = 20847657 | doi = 10.1097/ICO.0b013e3181e3f05b | s2cid = 40120861 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=McDonald M |author2=D’Aversa G |author3=Perry D |author4=Wittpenn J |author5=Nelinson D | title = Correlating patient-reported response to Hydroxypropyl cellulose ophthalmic insert (LACRISERT®) therapy with clinical outcomes: tools for predicting response | journal = Curr Eye Res | date = Oct 2010 | volume = 35 | issue = 10 | pages = 880–887| pmid = 20858108 | doi = 10.3109/02713683.2010.495811 |s2cid=207450381 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Koffler B, McDonald M, Nelinson D | title = Improvement in clinical signs, symptoms, and QoL associated with DES: Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Ophthalmic Insert Patient Registry | journal = Eye & Contact Lens | date = May 2010 | volume = 36 | issue = 3 | pages = 170–176| pmid = 20351555 | doi = 10.1097/ICL.0b013e3181db352f | s2cid = 1751728 }}</ref>
⚫ HPC is used as a ], a low level binder and as an ] ] with ] E463. In pharmaceuticals it is used as a ]<ref>

⚫ As a ], HPC is used as a ], a low level binder and as an ] ] with ] E463. In pharmaceuticals it is used as a ],<ref>
{{Cite book
| isbn = 0824780442, 9780824780449
| pages = 177
| last = Lachman
| first = Leon
| coauthors = Joseph B. Schwartz
| title = Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms--tablets
| year = 1990
}}</ref>
and a ],<ref>
{{Cite book {{Cite book
| isbn = 0824782100, 9780824782108 | isbn = 978-0-8247-8210-8
| page =
| page = 8
| last = Weiner | last = Weiner
| first = Myra L. | first = Myra L.
| coauthors = Lois A. Kotkoskie | author2 = Lois A. Kotkoskie
| title = Excipient Toxicity and Safety | title = Excipient Toxicity and Safety
| year = 1999 | year = 1999
| publisher = Taylor & Francis
| url-access = registration
| url = https://archive.org/details/excipienttoxicit103wein/page/8
}}</ref> in tablets. }}</ref> in tablets.


HPC is used as a sieving matrix for DNA separations by capillary and microchip electrophoresis.<ref></ref> HPC is used as a sieving matrix for DNA separations by capillary and microchip electrophoresis.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sanders |first1=Joshua C. |last2=Breadmore |first2=Michael C. |last3=Kwok |first3=Yien C. |last4=Horsman |first4=Katie M. |last5=Landers |first5=James P. |title=Hydroxypropyl Cellulose as an Adsorptive Coating Sieving Matrix for DNA Separations: Artificial Neural Network Optimization for Microchip Analysis |journal=Analytical Chemistry |date=February 2003 |volume=75 |issue=4 |pages=986–994 |id={{INIST|14571070}} |doi=10.1021/ac020425z |pmid=12622396 }}</ref>

HPC is used as a thickener, emulsifier, and stabilizer in cosmetic formulations such as shampoos, conditioners, and lotions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kimachemical.com/news/is-hydroxypropyl-cellulose-toxic|title=Hydroxypropyl Cellulose|website=kimachemical.com|access-date=7 March 2023}}</ref>

HPC is the main ingredient in Cellugel, which is used in book conservation. Cellugel is described as "A safe, penetrating consolidant for leather book covers affected by red rot" and is produced by Preservation Solutions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.conservationresources.com/cellugel.html |title=Cellugel |publisher=Conservationresources.com |accessdate=2021-12-20}}</ref>


==See also== ==See also==


* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ]


==Notes and references== ==Notes and references==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Hydroxypropyl Cellulose}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hydroxypropyl Cellulose}}
] ]
⚫ ]
] ]
]

⚫ ]
]